噪声对脑、心脏、肝脏元素影响的研究

采用原子吸收法,试图从元素方面探讨强噪声暴露对机体重要器官的元素代谢的影响。结果发现与对照组相比经强噪声暴露后,脑、心脏、肝脏的元素锌、脑的元素钙及心肌的元素镁均呈极显著减少;而脑、心脏、肝脏的元素铜及心、肝脏的元素钙则呈极显著增加。在停止强噪声暴露后第5d,上述4种元素代谢仍没有恢复正常。结果表明：强噪声使机体重要器官的元素代谢严重障碍。提示强噪声环境是引起心脏病的原因之一,可能与强噪声使心肌元素代谢严重失调有关。     

电感耦合高频等离子体(ICP)光谱法测定天然水中Cu,Fe、Cr、Ni、Mn、V、Ti等微量元素

本文试验了ICP光源对天然水质中多元素同时光谱测定的条件,考察了Na、Ca、Mg等基本元素对分析元素谱线强度的影响,拟定了天然水质中Cu、Fe、Cr、Ni、Mn、V、Ti等微量元素同时测定的分析方法。     

无火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定水中痕量铅、镉、铬、锰

<正> 由于环境污染问题日益受到重视,使所有各种各样水中的痕量元素分析变为十分重要。就水污染而言,铅、镉、铬、汞等元素具有特别重要意义(1)。用火焰原子吸收光谱法分析天然水时,一般只能测定浓度较高的主量元素(钾、钠、钙、镁等)。欲测痕量元素,必须采用溶剂萃取或离子交换等分离富集技术(2-3),因此不可避免烦琐的化学操作。     

发射光谱法测定环境样品中铜、铅、锌、铬、镍、铍

<正> 一、前言发射光谱法能同时进行多元素测定,并具有一定的检出灵敏度、精密度和准确度.是环境监测的一种通俗实用的分析方法.我国原所报导的分析方法,曾被国内外环保部门推荐为分析大气颗粒物中金属元素的重要方法之一;在那些基础上我们利用国产的WSP-1型平面光栅摄谱仪作了武汉地区部分河流湖泊(如汉江、黄孝河、沙湖、墨水湖).     

应用选择性萃取法和感耦等离子体(ICP)光源测定地质样品中的Ag、Au、Bi、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn元素的初步研究

<正> 前言在现有的分析技术中,作为一种分析方法,只有等离子体光谱具有检测极限低,线性含量范围宽,工作温度高,对多元素同时测定的能力,同时具有极好的精度和准确度等优点。ICP 发射光谱是一种相当新的分析方法,实际用来分析各种类型的样品。特别     

杨树、京桃、丁香叶片对大气中重金属污染物Cu、Cr、Pb、Zn净化潜力的探讨

本文以同龄杨树、京桃、丁香三个树种的幼叶、成叶为实验材料,用浓度为3000PPM的铜、铬、铅、锌盐标准水溶液分别浸泡实验组叶片,每个叶片浸泡2分钟,然后观察伤害症状,并以叶片伤害面积达5％作为标准,以原子吸收法测定各叶片中四种重金属元素含量,于此同时还设置了对照组、本底组、转移组.实验结果表明杨树、京桃、丁香对Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb有较强的吸收累积能力.并能在体内浓缩,因此它们对大气中重金属污染物具有较强的净化潜力。不同树种对同一元素净化潜力存在着差异,而同一树种对不同元素净化潜力也不一样.处于不同生长期的叶片净化潜力也不相同.     

珊瑚钨锡矿硅质尾矿中Cd、As、Zn、F富集迁移及环境污染

硅质尾矿在释放中性矿山废水(NMD)时所伴生的多元素复合污染问题值得重视。本文以桂东北珊瑚矿尾矿作为研究对象,通过分析该尾矿的组构、元素富集及迁移特性,筛选出主要污染元素,并探讨尾矿胶结层对元素富集迁移的影响。结果表明:(1)该尾矿中Cd、As、Zn及F富集程度较高、可交换态含量(易迁移释放量)较大,是主要的污染元素,而Cu、Pb、Tl产生污染的可能性较小;(2)胶结层对重金属具有再富集作用,但其对可交换态Cd、As(Tl)再富集明显,而对可交换态Cu、Pb、Zn再富集则不明显。胶结层中次生伊利石、石膏等胶结物趋向于吸附富集活性可交换态Cd、As。这表明该尾矿可能迁移释放出含Cd、As浓度较高的NMD。研究表明,硅质尾矿风化释出NMD的同时,可能伴生Cd、As、Zn等重金属以及F的复合污染。     

原子吸收光谱法测定地质物料中的砷、锑、铋、镉、铜、铅、钼、银和锌

<正> 矿床的地球化学勘探是基于对岩石、土壤、沉积物、水和植物中与矿床有关的元素或元素基团的系统测定。这些元素通过物理或化学作用可由原来的分散状态达到异常高的富     

As、Cu、Hg、Se的含量及相互关系的区域性变化

在世界三个不同国家和地区,对人体头发组织中各微量元素的含量进行了一次可比性测试研究,同时在格拉斯袼地区对成年人和婴幼儿生物组织中同种微量元素的含量也进行了测试分析,测试发现在冰岛地区人体头发组织中Se元素的含量要远低于格拉斯格地区人体头发组织中该元素的含量,而Hg元素含量两地相类似,冰岛地区人体头发组织中As元素的含量相     

ICP-MS同时测定饮用水中25种元素的研究

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对饮用水中25种元素进行同时测定,并对其方法进行了研究.结果表明用ICP-MS同时测定饮用水中25种元素,其最低检出限为Th 1.238 E-5μg/L;其RSD%均小于5%;加标回收率介于98.94～100.4%之间,具有较高的灵敏度、精密度和准确,特别是对一些浓度低达ng/L级,但对人体健康却产生重要影响的超痕量组分,如Tl、Th、U等的测定,本法具有其它传统分析难以满足的优势.应用于直接测定元素浓度范围从ng/L-mg/L级的实际样品,具有快速、简便、准确等优点.     

青春 责任 梦想 行动 2015年千名青年环境友好使者夏令营侧记

<正>"我们处在世界正在发生重大变革的时代,中国也正在实现着民族伟大复兴的关键时刻。青年人要承担什么责任?""我们应该团结更多的青年人,向全社会积极宣传环保理念,保护我们共同生存的家园。"一名青年使者刚刚回答完贾峰主任的问题,全场响起的是掌声——雷鸣般的掌声!8月17日,2015年"千名青年环境友好使者夏令营"在成都市温江区正式开营。环境保护部宣传教育中心主任贾峰亲临现场,并为青年学子们讲授了热情     

Asbeste Arten,Entstehung, Bedeutung,Problematik

Types of asbestos are distinguished not only by structure, chemical compositon, shape of aggregates, and length and quality of fibers, but also by its formation. Though consisting of quite common elements, deposits are formed only under very special conditions. Its unique combination of properties has created over 3000 fields of application (about 70% in asbestos cement). Great efforts have been made to substitute all types of asbestos by harmless, similarly cheap and versatile synthetic fibers, owing to the unquestioned carcinogenic properties of all asbestos dusts. However, development of such fibers has not made any remarkable progress until recently. Consequently risk to workers in mining and manufactoring, consumers, outsiders, and the environment should be kept as low as possible by intensifying precautions and diminishing emissions.     

Effect of CaO on retention of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, W and Pb in bottom ashes from fluidized-bed coal combustion power station

This work was conducted to evaluate whether Ca-bearing additives used during coal combustion can also help with the retention of some other elements. This work was focused on the evaluation of bottom ashes collected during four full-scale combustion tests at an operating thermal fluidized-bed power station. Bottom ashes were preferred to fly ashes for the study to avoid interference from condensation processes usually occurring in the post-combustion zone. This work focused on the behaviors of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu,Zn, W, and Pb. Strong positive correlations with CaO content in bottom ashes were observed（for all four combustion tests） for S, As, Cl and Br（R = 0.917-0.999）. Strong inverse proportionality was calculated between the contents of Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr and Mn and CaO, so these elements showed association to materials other than Ca-bearing compounds（e.g., to aluminosilicates, organic matter, etc.）. Somewhat unclear behaviors were observed for W, Cu, and V. Their correlation coefficients were evaluated as statistically ＂not significant＂, i.e., these elements were not thought to be significantly associated with CaO. It was also discovered that major enrichment of CaO in the finest bottom ash fractions could be advantageously used for simple separation of elements strongly associated with these fractions, mainly S and As, but also Cl or Br. Removal of5% of the finest ash particles brings about a decrease in As concentration down to 77%-80% of its original bulk ash content, which can be conveniently used e.g., when high As content complicates further ash utilization.     

意大利的金枪鱼、箭鱼、鸬鹚以及家燕等体内的多氯萘、多氯联苯、多氯二苯-p-二恶英、多氯二苯并呋喃以及p,p''''-DDE

我们曾对从意大利收集的金枪鱼、箭鱼、普通鸬鹚以及家燕体内的p,p'-DDE、多氯联苯同类物(PCBs)、多氯二苯-p-二恶英(PCDDs)、多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)以及多氯萘(PCNs)浓度进行过测量.     

The monitoring,Evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification of energy-efficiency projects

In this paper, we present an overview of guidelinesdeveloped for the monitoring, evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification (MERVC) ofenergy-efficiency projects for climate changemitigation. The monitoring and evaluation ofenergy-efficiency projects is needed to determine moreaccurately their impact on greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions and other attributes, and to ensure that theglobal climate is protected and that countryobligations are met. Reporting, verification andcertification will be needed for addressing therequirements of the Kyoto Protocol. While the cost ofmonitoring and evaluation of energy-efficiencyprojects is expected to be about 5–10% of a project'sbudget, the actual cost of monitoring and evaluationwill vary depending on many factors, including thelevel of precision required for measuring energy andGHG reductions, type of project, and amount of fundingavailable.     

Algorithmen,gehirne, computer

In order to say something substantial about the fundamental limits of machines (especially of computers) and of human calculations, we must explicate the concept of algorithm. Such an explication is provided by the Turing machine. Thus, problems have been discovered which cannot be solved algorithmically. For other problems there are problem-solving procedures, but no elegant algorithms. That men are fundamentally superior to machines has not been shown as yet.