有机酸强化废大理石粉脱硫的传质研究

在双搅拌釜上进行了3种有机酸强化废大理石粉浆液脱硫的传质实验研究,测定了脱硫效率η、传质速率Nm、液膜传质系数KL、气相总传质系数KG和浆液pH值等随时间t的变化关系,结果表明己二酸强化可提高传质速率约35%,有效促进了CaCO3的溶解和缓冲pH值的下降.同时,考察了己二酸添加量的变化和气、液两相浓度的改变对传质的影响,结果表明己二酸添加浓度在10mmol/L时强化效果最好;进气SO2体积分率小于1000×10-6时为完全气膜控制;液相浓度的改变对气相总传质系数KG影响不大.     

几种碱性废渣脱硫性能的比较研究

以吸收瓶为实验装置研究了几种碱性废渣的脱硫容量。实验结果表明 ,电石渣、碱渣、废大理石和石灰石的脱硫容量分别为 0 85、0 75 ,0 6 2和 0 5 8gSO2 g脱硫剂。旋流板塔试验主要参数对脱硫率的影响结果表明 ,入塔浆液pH值越大 ,液气比L G越大 ,脱硫率η也越高 ;入塔SO2 浓度y0 越高 ,脱硫率η越低。模拟工业试验结果表明 ,对电石渣和碱渣 ,控制浆液pH >7,L G =2～ 3L m3时 ,η可达 6 5 %以上 ;对废大理石和石灰石 ,控制浆液pH为 6 5 ,L G =4～6L m3时 ,η可达 6 0 %以上。从以上结果来看 ,作为脱硫剂 ,电石渣脱硫效果最好 ,碱渣次之 ,最后是废大理石和石灰石。电石渣和碱渣显示了良好的应用前景     

废大理石粉湿法烟气脱硫工艺实验

实验研究了废大理石粉作为脱硫剂的湿法烟气脱硫工艺,分析了其吸收SO₂的传质反应机理.试验了不同液气比(L/G)、吸收浆液pH值和进气SO₂浓度等主要参数对脱硫率的影响,并对实验结果进行了分析.结果表明,选择以下操作条件较为适宜:pH₀=5.5～6.5,L/G=3L/m³,a=2%;以上工艺条件下,在进气SO₂浓度为1000ml/m³时,脱硫率达60%以上.本文还讨论了废大理石粉作为脱硫剂的工业应用前景.     

旋流板塔价廉脱硫剂湿法烟气脱硫工艺

以旋流板塔为脱硫塔，对几种价廉吸收剂的湿法烟气脱硫工艺进行了实验研究，并分析了传质反应机理，试验了不同液气比（L／G）、吸收液pH值和进气SO2浓度等主要参数对脱硫率的影响，并对实验结果进行了分析；结合其传质反应机理，得出了回归方程式，这些吸收剂均来自于工业废料，达到了废治废的效果，价廉脱硫剂的旋流板塔湿法脱硫工艺已用于苏州热电厂35t/h锅炉的烟气脱硫。     

碱渣用于模拟烟气湿式脱硫的研究

从脱硫率和脱硫饱和时间两个方面,对碱渣与电石渣的混合脱硫剂进行了实验研究,并采用添加有机酸的方法提高混合脱硫剂的脱硫能力。实验结果表明,碱渣粒度对脱硫率有一定的影响,碱渣粒度<60μm为宜;碱渣与电石渣配比为1∶1时,脱硫率接近纯氢氧化钙的脱硫能力;添加有机酸不仅能提高吸收浆液的脱硫能力,而且有缓冲浆液pH值的作用,二元有机酸的影响比一元酸的影响更为显著;添加了有机酸的吸收浆液的pH值可控制在4.5～5.0左右。     

烟气脱硫过程中添加剂对石灰石的促溶作用

以双搅拌釜为实验设备,研究了烟气脱硫过程中硫酸钠、硫酸镁和腐殖酸钠对石灰石的促溶作用.结果表明,分别采用3种不同添加剂时,pH值等随脱硫反应时间的变化规律类似;与非强化石灰石脱硫过程对比,在相同pH值下,3种添加剂均使石灰石颗粒体积占初始体积的分率rp减小,即均能促进石灰石的溶解,改善浆液的传质性能.通过理论分析,导出了r_p与浆液pH值之间的关系式,该方程能很好地关联双搅拌釜实验数据.     

硫酸镁对湿式石灰石烟气脱硫过程的影响研究

以旋流板塔为吸收器，探讨了硫酸镁对湿式石灰石烟气脱硫过程浆液pH值、脱硫率及石灰石利用率等的影响。实验表明，硫酸镁能促进石灰石等的溶解，延缓浆液pH值的下降，有效提高脱硫率。依据实验结果，分析了过程机理，计算对比了不同深度硫酸镁强化下石灰石的利用率随pH值的变化情况，综合考虑脱硫率和石灰石利用率等因素，确定适宜的pH值操作范围为5－6.     

旋流板塔钠强化石灰石湿式烟气脱硫研究

向石灰石脱硫浆液中添加硫酸钠可提高脱硫率。以旋流板塔为吸收器,测定了钠强化石灰石湿式烟气脱硫过程的脱硫率、pH值等随脱硫反应时间的变化情况,对不同pH值范围内的石灰石溶解速率等进行了分析。在与工业操作温度相近的条件下,测定了不同塔板数时的脱硫率和塔压降,计算了平均单板效率。结果表明,增加塔板数,脱硫率提高,而平均单板效率减小,实验条件下,塔板数由1增加到4,液气比为4L／m^3时脱硫率由25．5％提高到48．6％,而平均单板效率则由25．5％下降到15．3％。得出了平均单板效率与塔板数之间的关系式。     

石灰湿法脱硫传质－反应过程机理

对以旋流板塔作吸收器的石灰湿法烟气脱硫技术进行了试验研究。分析了为浆液吸收ＳＯ２的传质－反应过程，并提出了Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２浆液吸收ＳＯ２的传质－反应过程机理。本机理认为，总反应速度由气相中ＳＯ２的扩散（气相阻力）和液相中Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２固体的溶解（包括在液相阻力之内）及扩散控制；同时认为，反应过程可分为气相阻力控制、所液共同控制、液相阻力控制３个阶段。此外，本机得到了实验的验证。以上结果将有助于改进为     

控制氧化对湿法烟气脱硫过程的影响研究

在喷射鼓泡反应器上进行了控制氧化对湿法烟气脱硫过程的影响研究,测定了脱硫率η和pH随时间t的变化规律,得出了η与t的回归式及η与pH值的关系规律,讨论了不同曝气强度及抑制剂浓度对CaCO3利用率α、pH值及脱硫率η的影响。实验表明强制氧化及抑制氧化均能提高脱硫效率η及CaCO3利用率α,但对浆液pH值的影响正好相反,强制氧化使浆液pH值下降的更快,而抑制氧化则使浆液pH值有所提高。     

Influence of SO2 in incineration flue gas on the sequestration of CO2 by municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash

The influence of CO2 content and presence of SO2 on the sequestration of CO2 by municipal solid waste incinerator(MSWI) fly ash was studied by investigating the carbonation reaction of MSWI fly ash with different combinations of simulated flue gas.The reaction between fly ash and 100% CO2 was relatively fast;the uptake of CO2 reached 87g CO2/kg ash,and the sequestered CO2 could be entirely released at high temperatures.When CO2 content was reduced to 12%,the reaction rate decreased;the uptake fell to 41g CO2/kg ash,and 70.7% of the sequestered CO2 could be released.With 12% CO2 in the presence of SO2,the reaction rate significantly decreased;the uptake was just 17g CO2/kg ash,and only 52.9% of the sequestered CO2 could be released.SO2 in the simulated gas restricted the ability of fly ash to sequester CO2 because it blocked the pores of the ash.     

Physicochemical damage parameters for the action of SO2 and NO2 on single pieces of marble

The theoretical analysis for measurement of building-damage parameters by RF-GC technique is applied to the action of SO₂ and NO₂ on marble. The experiments with SO₂ were performed with five different geometric forms of single pieces of marble at 373.2 K and were repeated after washing these pieces 8 times with three-distilled water. All six physicochemical parameters determined show negligible variations for the same solid form at the same temperature, but they are different for the various geometrical forms. The mass transfer coefficients K_g and K_s and their ratio K seem to be the most invariant parameters with respect to the form. After washing with water, some of the parameters change considerably.The action of NO₂ was studied on a sphere only, but at five different temperatures. The physicochemical parameters for the action of this gas are three orders of magnitude smaller than those of SO₂ (except K), leading to 3700 times bigger resistance of marble to mass transfer of NO₂ than of SO₂. From the variation of the parameters with temperature, it is concluded that both mass transfer coefficients, K_g and K_s, pertain to activated processes with activation energies 39 and 27 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. The reaction of the adsorbed gas with the solid is less activated, whereas the adsorption equilibrium constant K does not change with temperature.     

基于pH值分区控制的湿法烟气脱硫增效研究

石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫(WFGD)系统在我国具有广泛的应用,如何提高传统WFGD系统的污染物脱除效率,对燃煤电站SO_2实现超低排放具有重要的意义.本文基于pH分区控制,设计搭建了新型双循环湿法烟气脱硫试验系统,重点研究了烟气量、SO_2浓度、喷淋密度等对pH分区特性及系统脱硫性能的影响.研究发现,随着烟气量、入口SO_2浓度的增加,喷淋密度的降低,主副浆液池pH值差值增大;脱硫效率随着烟气量、入口SO——2浓度的降低,喷淋密度的增加而升高.基于pH分区控制的新型双循环湿法烟气脱硫系统相比传统脱硫系统内部结构简单、同时具有较高的污染物脱除效率,可为现有脱硫系统增效改造提供一条有利途径.     

The role of fly-ash particulate material and oxide catalysts in stone degradation

Studies of fly-ash composition identified the presence of calcium and sulphur, indicating their potential role as sources of calcium sulphate. Residual acidity (particularly for oil fly ash) suggested the possibility of enhanced chemical reaction, and the presence of transition metals, probably as oxides, might accelerate the oxidation of SO₂ to SO₄²⁻. Exposure tests in a laboratory-based rig simulating dry deposition on Portland and Monks Park limestone, either seeded or unseeded with fly-ash particulate material or transition metal oxide catalysts, were carried out using an SO₂-containing environment at 95% r.h. Enhanced sulphation of these seeded limestones due to the above factors was minimal; at high loadings of fly ash, there was even evidence of masking the limestone surface, reducing sulphation. However, pure CaCO₃ powder in the exposure rig showed increases in sulphation when seeded with metal oxide catalysts. Thus the limestones examined contained sufficient inherent catalysts for the oxidation of SO₂ to SO₄²⁻ to proceed at such a rate that external catalysts were superfluous. This implies that dissolution rate of SO₂ in moisture films controls the availability of species for reaction with these carbonate-based stones and that fly ash deposited from the atmosphere does not enhance the reaction.     

陶瓷膜接触器在润湿模式下吸收SO2的传质强化

将平均孔径为100 nm的Al_2O_3陶瓷膜组装成膜接触器,以单乙醇胺(MEA)为吸收剂,在考察吸收剂浓度对膜吸收过程影响的基础上,深入比较了陶瓷膜在润湿和非润湿模式下脱除SO_2的传质性能.实验结果表明,当MEA浓度大于0.26 mol·L~(-1)时,润湿模式下SO_2的脱除率和传质系数均高于非润湿模式.根据膜理论和阻力串联模型建立了陶瓷膜吸收SO_2的传质方程,理论计算表明,润湿模式下膜相传质阻力因瞬间化学反应的存在大幅降低,润湿模式更适用于脱除烟气中低浓度的SO_2.本研究结果可为陶瓷膜接触器在膜吸收领域的工业化应用和进一步传质优化提供参考.     

碱性水热法同步稳定城市垃圾/医疗废物焚烧飞灰与废水中重金属的研究

研究了碱性水热法同步稳定城市垃圾/医疗废物焚烧飞灰与废水中重金属的稳定化效果和稳定化机制.结果表明,在碱性水热条件下,城市垃圾/医疗废物焚烧飞灰均对废水中重金属具有很强的去除作用,并且经反应后,飞灰重金属渗滤毒性不仅没有上升反而大大降低.原始医疗废物焚烧炉飞灰中6种重金属渗滤毒性为:Mn 17 300μg/L,Ni 1 650μg/L,Cu 2 560μg/L,Zn 189 000μg/L,Cd 1 970μg/L,Pb 1 560μg/L;原始城市垃圾焚烧飞灰中6种重金属渗滤毒性为:Mn 17.2μg/L,Ni8.32μg/L,Cu 235.2μg/L,Zn 668.3μg/L,Cd 2.81μg/L,Pb 7 200μg/L.这2种飞灰分别与重金属废水(浓度Cu、Pb为50mg/L,Mn、Zn、Ni、Cd为25 mg/L)在275℃条件下,碳酸钠添加量为1/10(5 g碳酸钠/50 g干灰),液固比为10/1,经10 h反应后,医疗垃圾焚烧炉飞灰对重金属去除率达86.2%～97.3%,城市垃圾焚烧飞灰对重金属去除率达94.7%～99.6%.反应后飞灰经重金属渗滤毒性测试均远远低于国家标准值.重金属稳定化机制主要是由于在硅铝酸盐晶体形成过程中对重金属化学吸附,物理包裹作用,老化期重金属空间几何位置迁移,高pH值对稳定化起到一定辅助作用.