基于STC12C5410AD的电铃无线控制系统

针对传统电铃采用单一作息时间表进行专线控制的缺点,设计了一种能无线控制、又能同时存储多个作息时间表的电铃控制系统．该系统用无线代替专线,存储有多个时间表,在季节变更时通过控制器自动变换表,解决了传统电铃控制系统中的专线成本高、维修难、季节变换需要人工改表的问题．图5,表2,参4．     

高效絮凝反应器处理生活污水试验研究

本文采用高效絮凝模拟反应器进一步对实际生活污水进行连续运行处理试验，结果表明，直接絮凝沉淀处理后的出水浊度去除率和ＣＯＤ去除率分别达到９３．４％和７９．２％，可完全达到排放标准。絮凝处理后再经纤维过滤柱过滤处理，可控制出水浊度在１．０ＮＴＵ以下，ＣＯＤ去除率增加５．０￣７．０％，试验结果进一步验证了这种高效絮凝装置具有高效处理效能及实际工程应用推广价值。     

生物过滤技术在大气污染控制中的应用

生物过滤是控制大气污染的经济有效技术,具有较好的发展前景。本文介绍了生物过滤技术处理废气的研究,应用历史,现状,和生物过滤理论,分析了工艺的使用范围,设计及运行控制要点,列举了应用的范例。     

微絮凝直接纤维过滤处理低浊水试验研究

试验采用自行设计和制作的纤维过滤系统,滤床高１．２ｍ,滤料压密度为７４．４ｇ．ｌ＾－１（化学纤维自然干燥堆密度）,处理水量为２３０Ｌ．ｈ＾１０－４６０Ｌ．ｈ＾－１,以聚合氯化铝（ＰＡＣ）为絮凝剂,结果表明,微絮凝直接纤维过滤对处理低浊水具有明显效果。     

静电纺PA6/PET复合膜的制备及其空气过滤性能

主要研究静电纺纳米/微米纤维复合膜(PA6/PET)的制备及其空气过滤性能,电纺了几种不同密集度的复合膜,研究了其对氯化钠粒子在特定条件下的过滤能力,进行了加载过滤测试,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对过滤前后纤维膜的表面形态进行观察.结果表明,对于多分散的NaCl粒子来说,过滤材料的过滤效率随着过滤时间的增加而增加.当增大过滤粒子流量时,过滤阻力与流量呈现线性增长关系,但是过滤效率变化不大.本实验中复合膜的最低过滤效率为99.990%.     

红外分光测油仪在南钢水质监测中的应用

红外分光光度法测油是近年来发展起来的高效测油新方法．该分析方法的特点是:灵敏度高,能直接检出０．４ｍｇ·ｌ－１标准油;刻度精度高,能显示５ｃｍ－１的刻度;测试范围宽,直接测试上限为３２００ｍｇ·ｌ－１的试样．该方法具有非色散测量结果的直读功能,不必换算可直接计算水体中的油含量．由于钢铁工业废水中油品主要为润滑油、重油等,一般不含动植物油,故不做硅酸镁吸附,而直接测量总萃取液中油的含量．     

折叠式滤筒过滤单元气固分离设备的开发与研制

采用高科技膜材料研究制成折叠式滤筒过滤单元,并组合形成一种新型的气固分离设备。其清灰系统选用富士ＮＢ系列ＰＬＣ控制,能够实现压差、连续或定时自动反吹控制。故该设备具有净化效率高、膜材料透气性好、压降小、表面光滑清灰效果好、滤筒使用寿命长、操作自动化水平高等特点。     

紫羊茅根中铜结合肽的分离和纯化

利用１次ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ５０凝胶过滤和２次ＱＡＥＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ２５离子交换层析的方法,从最后６ｄ用ＣｕＣｌ２处理（ρ＝２０ｍｇ／Ｌ）、２０ｄ龄的紫羊茅（Ｆｅｓｔｕｃａｒｕｂｒａｃｖ．Ｍｅｒｌｉｎ）根中分离纯化了１个铜结合肽（ＣｕＢＰ２ａ）,该肽在ＳｕｐｅｒｄｅｘＰｅｐｔｉｄｅＨＲ１０／３０预装柱的ＦＰＬＣ凝胶过滤中在λ２５４ｎｍ处只出现一个峰,经分子量标准曲线估计,其Ｍｒ约为１４００,在ＤｅｌｔａＰａｋＣ１８的反相ＨＰＬＣ中,在λ２５４ｎｍ处也只有１个紫外吸收峰值,这都说明该肽已经达到了较高的的纯度．通过光谱分析,发现该肽的最大紫外吸收值在２４８．１ｎｍ处．对Ｃｕ结合物在植物体内的存在状态进行了讨论．     

应用ICP-MS技术和EPA200.8标准方法分析饮用水和污水样品

ＥＰＡ２００．８方法叙述了水和污水中痕量元素的ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ多元素测定方法．本文是参照ＥＰＡ２００．８方法Ｎｏ．５．４版本所叙述的方法编制的．该方法提供了适用于地下水、地表水和饮用水中可溶性元素的分析步骤．测定可溶性元素之前,水样需适当过滤并酸化．方法也可用于地下水、地表水、饮用水以及污水、淤泥和固体废弃物样品中可溶解元素总浓度的测定．为了测定水样及固体样品中可溶解元素的     

高锰酸盐复合药剂(PPC)安全强化低温低浊水处理

通过中试试验考察了高锰酸盐复合药剂(PPC)安全强化低温低浊水的处理效能,对其强化混凝,强化过滤效果与预氯化处理进行了对比．试验表明,PPC预处理技术在助凝、助滤、去除水体中有机污染物等方面都具有比预氯化更好的处理效果,该项技术对于低温低浊期的水处理具有很好的应用前景．     

Removal of virus aerosols by the combination of filtration and UV-C irradiation

● The removal of virus aerosols by filtration and UV-C irradiation was proposed. ● The filtration efficiency for virus aerosols was affected by the filtration rate. ● The inactivation rate by UV-C was not linear with irradiation intensity or time. ● The virus trapped by filter material had a shielding effect on UV-C irradiation. The COVID-19 pandemic remains ever prevalent and afflicting—partially because one of its transmission pathways is aerosol. With the widely used central air conditioning systems worldwide, indoor virus aerosols can rapidly migrate, thus resulting in rapid infection transmission. It is therefore important to install microbial aerosol treatment units in the air conditioning systems, and we herein investigated the possibility of combining such filtration with UV irradiation to address virus aerosols. Results showed that the removal efficiency of filtration towards f2 and MS2 phages depended on the type of commercial filter material and the filtration speed, with an optimal velocity of 5 cm/s for virus removal. Additionally, it was found that UV irradiation had a significant effect on inactivating viruses enriched on the surfaces of filter materials; MS2 phages had greater resistance to UV-C irradiation than f2 phages. The optimal inactivation time for UV-C irradiation was 30 min, with higher irradiation times presenting no substantial increase in inactivation rate. Moreover, excessive virus enrichment on the filters decreased the inactivation effect. Timely inactivation is therefore recommended. In general, the combined system involving filtration with UV-C irradiation demonstrated a significant removal effect on virus aerosols. Moreover, the system is simple and economical, making it convenient for widespread implementation in air-conditioning systems.     

Characterization of natural organic matters effect on the biodegradation in the slow sand filter

This study focuses on the differences in biodegradation of the natural organic matters (NOMs) of p-hydroxy-benzoic acid (PHBA) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid (VA) with slow sand filter (SSF). The PHBA and VA were biologically transformed into another organic matter in the slow sand filtration (SSF) at the start-up period. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of PHBA and VA were stabilized at 2 mg/l after 5th day. The SUVA value of PHBA run decreased with higher sand depth and flow rate, and VA run's increased with higher sand depth, but smaller than PHBA run. Therefore, the PHBA promoted the DBPFP (formation potential of disinfection by products), the VA brought higher biodegradation and lower DBPFP.     

Population dynamic studies on phytoplankton cultures

The use of ozone as an oxidative supplement to biological filtration and to control epizootic microbial outbreaks coincident with maintaining a biological filter was investigated in a 2,271-1 (600 gallon) closed marine-water system. Under conditions of a relatively large biomass load (1.82 kg/3801), filter-bed effluent levels of total ammonia (0.135±0.01 ppm), un-ionized ammonia (0.0074±0.0006 ppm) and nitrite (0.17±0.01 ppm) were maintained within acceptable limits. Reservoir ozonation (100 mg/h/380 l) further significantly reduced (P<0.005) these levels. Nitrates were significantly elevated (P<0.005) with ozonation. Cessation of ozonation elevated total ammonia, un-ionized ammonia and nitrite levels above acceptable limits within 24 h. Resuming ozonation rapidly reversed this trend. Ozone reduced the microbial content of the culture water. Ozonation is suggested as a means of maintaining oxidative flexibility when used as a supplement to biological filtration. Further, prevention of epizootic microbial outbreaks may be accomplished without danger to the biological filter provided a proper system design is utilized.Contribution No. 342, Department of Biology.     

滤速对慢滤池深度处理生活污水的影响

为进一步提高再生水水质,将慢滤池用于污水二级处理出水的进一步处理。选取浊度、COD、色度和细菌总数4个指标,利用实验室小试装置,研究了0.1、0.3、0.5m/h这3种滤速下慢滤池的性能。结果表明,滤速由0.1m/h升高至0.3m/h时,慢滤池出水水质略有下降。而滤速由0.3m/h升高至0.5m/h时,慢滤池出水水质下降显著。滤速小于等于0.3m/h时,慢滤出水浊度、COD、色度和细菌总数平均为0.4NTU、25.9mg/L、14.9°、5×10^3CFU/mL。慢滤对这4个指标的平均去除率分别为78.6%、36.0%、34.0%、62.3%。为获得优良的水质,建议慢滤池用于污水深度处理时,滤速宜小于0.3m/h。但实际工程中,用户对再生水水质要求不高时,则可适当增大慢滤池滤速。     

城市污水回用三种处理工艺的选择

本文针对我国城市二级出水的特点,研究了污水深度处理的三种工艺:絮凝沉淀过滤、微絮凝过滤和直接过滤.装置采用网格反应池、翼片斜板沉淀池、气水同时冲洗粗砂滤池.药剂选用聚合硫酸铁,试验规模120m~3/d.     

应用微絮凝过滤的污水深度处理研究

本文就微絮凝过滤用于污水深度处理进行了研究.该工艺选用了陶粒一砂双层滤料滤池,絮凝剂选用了无机高分子絮凝剂PFC(投量20mg/L)和有机高分子絮凝剂(投量0.2mg/L);滤池的反冲洗用气一水·气一水三阶段反洗,效果良好.过滤实验的研究进行了直接过滤,单投PFC及PFC与PDM复配投加的微絮凝过滤三种方式.PFC与PDM复配对色度、COD、T—P有显著的去除效果.     

鼠李糖脂对土壤中原油降解的促进

从辽河油田石油污染的土壤中筛选、驯化得到三株对辽河原油具有较高降解效果的菌种(H1,H2,H3),选取对原油降解率最高的菌株H1为供试菌种,以受原油污染的天津滨海地区典型土壤(淤泥质粉质粘土夹粉砂)为供试土样,考察了不同浓度下鼠李糖脂对菌种H1生长、原油增溶和降解效果的影响.结果表明,鼠李糖脂对菌种H1无毒性,其对原油增溶效果明显,原油溶解度随着鼠李糖脂浓度的增加而增加.降解动力学实验结果表明,原油的降解符合指数常数模型.鼠李糖脂能明显促进土壤中原油的降解,缩短降解周期,大大提高修复效率.     

Pyrolysis behaviors of oil sludge based on TG/FTIR and PY-GC/MS

Pyrolysis is an alternative technology for oil sludge treatment. Thermogravimetric Analysis-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry were employed to investigate the pyrolysis process and products of oil sludge. The pyrolysis process was divided into five stages: drying and gas desorption, oil volatilization, main pyrolysis, semi-coke charring, and mineral decomposition. The main reaction temperatures ranged from 497.6 K to 753.2 K. The products were mainly composed of pairs of alkane and alkene (carbon number ranges from 1 to 27). The mechanisms consisted of random chain scission followed by end chain scission at high temperatures with volatilization occurring during the whole process. This study is useful not only for the proper design of a pyrolysis system, but also for improving the utilization of liquid oil products.     

Materials,fuels, upgrading,economy, and life cycle assessment of the pyrolysis of algal and lignocellulosic biomass: a review

Climate change issues are calling for advanced methods to produce materials and fuels in a carbon–neutral and circular way. For instance, biomass pyrolysis has been intensely investigated during the last years. Here we review the pyrolysis of algal and lignocellulosic biomass with focus on pyrolysis products and mechanisms, oil upgrading, combining pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion, economy, and life cycle assessment. Products include oil, gas, and biochar. Upgrading techniques comprise hot vapor filtration, solvent addition, emulsification, esterification and transesterification, hydrotreatment, steam reforming, and the use of supercritical fluids. We examined the economic viability in terms of profitability, internal rate of return, return on investment, carbon removal service, product pricing, and net present value. We also reviewed 20 recent studies of life cycle assessment. We found that the pyrolysis method highly influenced product yield, ranging from 9.07 to 40.59% for oil, from 10.1 to 41.25% for biochar, and from 11.93 to 28.16% for syngas. Feedstock type, pyrolytic temperature, heating rate, and reaction retention time were the main factors controlling the distribution of pyrolysis products. Pyrolysis mechanisms include bond breaking, cracking, polymerization and re-polymerization, and fragmentation. Biochar from residual forestry could sequester 2.74 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per ton biochar when applied to the soil and has thus the potential to remove 0.2–2.75 gigatons of atmospheric carbon dioxide annually. The generation of biochar and bio-oil from the pyrolysis process is estimated to be economically feasible.

     

沼液对甘蓝连作土壤生物学性质的影响

以施用化肥225 kg/hm2为对照,设置两种不同的沼液用量(以纯氮计):沼液I(168 kg/hm2)和沼液II(225 kg/hm2),通过连续3 a的甘蓝种植试验,研究沼液对甘蓝连作土壤微生物区系、土壤酶活性以及土壤养分与土壤酶活性之间的相关性.结果表明:1)施用沼液显著改善了连作土壤的微生物区系,溶磷细菌、解钾细菌、氨化细菌、固氮菌和放线菌的数量显著增加;同时抑制了真菌的富集.两种不同用量的沼液处理较化肥处理的土壤细菌/真菌(B/F)值分别提高了142.7%和202.3%.2)在225 kg/hm2等氮水平下,施用沼液显著提高了土壤的蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和蛋白酶活性,较之化肥处理分别提高了63.96%、137.61%和139.66%;同时显著降低了土壤过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性.3)土壤养分与土壤酶活性相关性分析表明,有机质含量与土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和蛋白酶活性呈显著正相关,与过氧化氢酶活性呈显著负相关,而与多酚氧化酶活性无明显相关性;磷酸酶活性与土壤速效磷含量呈显著正相关;蛋白酶活性与土壤碱解氮、全氮含量呈显著正相关.表4参24