福建龙海深澳变质岩锆石U-Pb同位素年代学及地质意义

通过研究福建龙海深澳变质岩岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb同位素年代学特征,探讨研究区变质岩的源岩、原岩和构造动力变质的年代学特征及其地质意义。结果表明该区变质岩属副变质岩,原岩为火山—沉积岩类。锆石U-Pb同位素定年的结果主要有:(1)1572±39 Ma及2149±39 Ma,为中元古代和古元古代基底的区域变质年龄;(2)248.1±8.1Ma及250.4±2.4Ma,为早、晚三叠世火山—岩浆年龄;(3)186.4±6.6 Ma,为早侏罗世火山—沉积岩形成年龄;(4)156.7±2.0Ma,为晚侏罗世韧性剪切变形、变质形成二云石英糜棱岩或片岩的峰期年龄。     

新疆巴里坤红石滩铜矿床石英闪长斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

本文对新疆巴里坤红石滩铜矿区出露的石英闪长斑岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定,结果表明红石滩石英闪长斑岩形成年龄为403.1±3.8Ma,形成时代为早泥盆世。此外,测得的两个锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为895Ma左右,表明研究区可能存在早元古代基底。红石滩石英闪长斑岩体与铜矿关系密切,是寻找斑岩型铜多金属矿的有利场所,为今后在该区寻找同类型铜矿提供重要依据。     

浙江丽水地区磨石山群火山岩时代归属

为查明浙江丽水地区中生代磨石山群火山岩的时代,在区域地质调查、火山机构划分的基础上,选择该群代表性火山岩进行锆石年龄测定。结果表明,大爽组底部流纹质晶屑熔结凝灰岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为154.9±5.5 Ma、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为152.0±7.0 Ma,属晚侏罗世基默里奇阶;高坞组流纹质晶屑熔结凝灰岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为131.6±2.7 Ma,两个火山机构的西山头组流纹质晶屑凝灰岩LAICP-MS锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄分别为128.6±1.7 Ma和139.5±2.5 Ma。认为浙南磨石山群火山岩时代:大爽组为晚侏罗世,高坞组、西山头组、茶湾组和九里坪组为早白垩世。     

滇西弥渡——巍山地区富碱岩浆岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及构造环境

弥渡吉祥庄火山岩和巍山大莲花山岩体是金沙江富碱岩带的重要组成部分,两者总体呈近NW向展布,受哀牢山—金沙江断裂带控制。岩石学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究表明,弥渡吉祥庄火山岩为粗面岩,巍山大莲花山岩体为石英闪长斑岩;吉祥庄火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为36.27±0.50 Ma,巍山大莲花山岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为37.02±0.46Ma。弥渡吉祥庄火山岩和巍山大莲花山岩体形成时代为喜马拉雅早期,两者形成于后碰撞构造背景。     

江西省铅山县二叠纪海相火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄及Lu-Hf同位素组成

江西省铅山县中二叠统车头组硅质岩内见夹多层凝灰岩。通过研究该凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年龄及Lu-Hf同位素组成特征,探讨该区海底火山喷流活动的时间、成岩环境及成岩物源。凝灰岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为264.8±4.4Ma,表明其形成环境为大陆边缘拉张性台盆环境,作为直接地质证据说明这一时期存在海底火山喷发活动。凝灰岩的Lu-Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄为1170~1670Ma(平均值1320 Ma),为中元古代,代表了成岩物源可能与区域性地壳重熔增生有关。     

西藏冈底斯中段晚侏罗-早白垩世花岗岩特征

对西藏冈底斯中段1∶25万措麦区幅区域地质调查中新发现的侵入于晚古生代地层中被古近纪林子宗群火山岩喷发沉积不整合覆盖的尼雄超单元、许如错超单元进行了解体,划分了7个单元。许如错超单元同位素年龄值154.2 Ma±3.8 Ma(锆石U-Pb)、141 Ma(锆K-Ar),时代为晚侏罗世,尼雄岩体中获锆K-Ar法年龄值114 Ma、106 Ma,时代为早白垩世,其地球化学及同位素特征反应两岩体为过铝型高钾钙碱性壳幔混合型花岗岩,形成于活动陆缘火山弧构造环境,为大陆弧花岗岩,与雅江洋向北和班-怒洋向南俯冲有关。     

皖南谭山岩体的锆石定年及地质意义

皖南地区广泛分布燕山期岩浆岩,但其年代学方面的工作较为薄弱。为厘定该地区燕山期岩浆岩年代学格架,本文利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法对皖南谭山岩体的正长花岗岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学研究,两个样品的206Pb/238 U加权平均年龄分别为128.5±1.7Ma和128.3±1.5Ma,基本一致,为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。结合本地区高精度年代学数据,皖南地区中生代岩浆岩可划分为三个峰期:第一峰期为142~139Ma;第二峰期为133~130Ma;第三峰期为128~125Ma。     

福建港里地区变质岩与南园组火山岩地球化学特征及锆石U-Pb年龄对比

福建港里地区位于长乐—南澳断裂带北段,港里变质岩分布于断裂带南东侧,南园组火山岩分布于断裂带北西侧。港里变质岩与南园组火山岩地球化学特征及锆石U-Pb年龄对比结果表明:(1)港里变质岩和南园组火山岩锆石均属火山碎屑锆石,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为139.7±1.8 Ma和132.7±1.2 Ma,均属早白垩世;(2)港里变质岩和南园组火山岩均属钙碱性、钙性岩,低Ba、Nb、Sr,高Pb、Nd,稀土总量普遍较低,具有轻稀土富集、铕中等亏损的稀土配分模式,反映了长乐—南澳断裂带两侧早白垩世中期火山岩的地球化学特征。     

扎河坝蛇绿岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf-O同位素组成及其地质意义

扎河坝蛇绿岩位于准噶尔北缘,是扎河坝—阿尔曼太蛇绿混杂岩带的一部分。通过对蛇绿混杂岩中堆晶辉长岩和凝灰岩夹层的锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf-O同位素进行研究,获得堆晶辉长岩的结晶年龄为485±4Ma,凝灰岩的喷发年龄为401±2.5Ma。辉长岩极度亏损Hf同位素,εHf(t)为13~20,δ~(18)O峰值为+5.37‰,显示其具有地幔特征。凝灰岩锆石的Hf同位素亏损程度低于堆晶辉长岩,εHf(t)为1.4~9.2。扎河坝蛇绿岩具有典型的SSZ型蛇绿岩特征,是通过俯冲增生到洋内弧弧前的蛇绿岩。     

内蒙古北山地区斑状花岗闪长岩地球化学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

北山地区斑状花岗闪长岩是明水岩浆弧的一个重要组成部分,位于北山北带,至今未见可靠的同位素年龄报道。本文在运用阴极发光技术对岩体中的锆石进行细致的内部结构分析的基础上,利用LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb原位定年方法进行同位素年龄测定。结果表明,单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄为277 Ma~283 Ma,加权平均年龄为279.5±1.6 Ma,花岗闪长岩主体形成于华力西晚期。地球化学研究显示,A/NCK>1.05,刚玉分子含量>1%;轻稀土元素相对重稀土元素明显富集,LREE/HREE为16.89~18.58,伴有弱的Eu负异常(δEu为0.76~0.92);富集强不相容元素Rb、Th、K,强烈亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,具有高钾钙碱性过铝质花岗岩的特征。结合区域地质背景,认为斑状花岗闪长岩形成于后碰撞的构造环境,这限制了红石山洋闭合时限早于279.5±1.6 Ma。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

ＲｅｍｏｖａｌｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｆｒｏｍｓｅｗａｇｅｓｌｕｄｇｅｂｙｌｏｗｃｏｓｔｉｎｇｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄａｎｄｒｅｃｙｃｌｉｎｇｉｎａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅＷｕＱｉｔａｎｇ，ＮｙｉｒａｎｄｅｇｅＰａｓｃａｓｉｅ，ＭｏＣｅｈｕｉＦ...