天然土壤有机质中菲的分配行为

天然土壤吸附不同初始浓度的菲后,提取胡敏酸组分(包括胡敏酸和富里酸),通过计算得到胡敏素组份所吸附的菲,用以研究菲在2种组份中的动态吸附/分配行为,以及初始浓度的影响,并利用Freundlich式进行拟合.结果表明:天然土壤中菲的吸附/分配过程表现出分阶段特征:从最初的快吸附至48 h左右达到转折点,然后进入慢吸附过程.在快吸附至转折点阶段,胡敏酸组分中菲的吸附比例(吸附量与初始量之比)出现先升后降的波动,可归因于初始时段矿物表面吸附、胡敏素竞争吸附的影响.在慢吸附阶段,胡敏酸中菲的吸附比例变化很小,菲初始浓度的影响也不大;而对于胡敏素组份,低初始浓度条件下菲的吸附比例明显大于高初始浓度条件,并呈现逐步增加的趋势,表明胡敏素组份是慢吸附的主要发生域.模型参数拟合结果显示:胡敏酸、全土、胡敏素吸附的非线性程度依次增加,并随时间逐渐加强.在吸附/分配的动力学过程中,胡敏酸和胡敏素分阶段不同的变化特征反映出土壤有机质组分异质性对非线性吸附行为的影响.     

Influence of organic amendments on the sorption of pentachlorophenol on soils

The influence of pH on the sorption of pentachlorophenol (PCP) onto three organic amendments, char, humic acid (HA) and peat, and the effect of organic amendments on PCP sorption to three kinds of soils were evaluated. The sorption of PCP on these sorbents fitted the Freundlich model well, suggesting that PCP sorption isotherms were nonlinear with exponential coefficient (N) value lower than 1. The PCP sorption capacity on three organic amendments and the N values increased with decreasing pH. The sorption capacities were in the order: char > HA > peat. Organic amendments resulted in an enhancement of sorption capacities of soils. The N values of PCP sorption on soils were decreased by char amendment and increased by HA and peat amendments. This study demonstrated that application of traditional organic amendments led to the enhancement of PCP sorption by soils. This information may aid both in predicting environmental fates of hydrophobic ionizable organic compounds and in developing remediation strategies for them.     

西辽河沉积物有机组分对磷的吸附影响

采用平衡吸附法研究了西辽河沉积物不同有机组分对磷的吸附影响.结果表明,西辽河沉积物对磷的饱和吸附量Гm值为953.64mg/kg.吸附分配系数K值为40.50;去除有机质后的沉积物对磷的吸附能力大大降低,碳标化饱和吸附量Гmoc值和吸附分配系数Koc值分别只能达到原样的12.07%和27.49%,说明有机质是影响磷在沉积物上吸附的主要因素;沉积物有机组分中的轻组有机质是一类橡胶态胶体,磷在橡胶态胶体上的吸附以分配作用为主,其碳标化吸附分配系数为77.13;沉积物有机组分中的重组有机质对磷的吸附起主导作用,其碳标化饱和吸附量为1225.63mg/kg;重组有机质是一类玻璃态胶体,磷在玻璃态胶体上的吸附除分配作用外,还存在孔隙填充方式的吸附;重组有机组分中的紧结态腐殖质(胡敏素)对磷的吸附起关键作用,其碳标化饱和吸附量为3546.69mg/kg.影响机制主要为稳、紧结态腐殖质是形成沉积物疏松多孔团聚体结构的重要胶结物质.     

运用区室模型预测有机污染物在沉积物中的吸附行为

运用区室模型对菲和五氯酚(PCP)在8种沉积物中的吸附行为进行了研究.将吸附系统分为液相、固相可逆吸附相、固相不可逆吸附相3个区室.结果表明,8种沉积物对菲和PCP的吸附均表现出相似的变化趋势,即在吸附初期,液相浓度迅速下降,在约10d时开始趋于稳定,可逆吸附相浓度在前10d迅速上升,随后开始下降,不可逆吸附相在整个吸附过程中一直保持上升.沉积物对菲的不可逆吸附占总吸附量的比例比PCP大.用实验数据对模拟不可逆吸附量进行验证表明,模拟值比实验值偏低,可能是由于实验方法差异造成的.吸附态目标物甲醇提取率随吸附时间延长而降低,有机质含量较高的沉积物提取率较低.     

腐殖质胶结团聚体对苯酚的富集特征

为探讨不同腐殖质组分团聚体对苯酚富集能力的影响,应用国际腐殖酸协会（IHSS）推荐方法提取腐殖质,以Ca2+、Al3+、Fe3+为桥键离子,制备了高岭石、蒙脱石不同腐殖质组分团聚体,采用平衡吸附法研究了不同腐殖质组分团聚体对苯酚的富集特征.结果表明:高岭石不同腐殖质组分团聚体对苯酚的饱和吸附量（Q_m）大小依次为FA（富里酸）团聚体[（254.11±5.35）mg/kg] > HA（胡敏酸）团聚体[（186.14±1.61）mg/kg] > HM（胡敏素）团聚体[（120.61±1.67）mg/kg];蒙脱石不同腐殖质组分团聚体对苯酚的饱和吸附量大小依次为FA团聚体[（418.72±19.14）mg/kg）] > HA团聚体[（290.00±13.06）mg/kg）] > HM团聚体[（160.46±4.92）mg/kg）];高岭石不同腐殖质组分团聚体对苯酚的富集系数（ER）大小依次为FA团聚体（2.03±0.07）> HA团聚体（1.91±0.04）> HM团聚体（1.85±0.04）;蒙脱石不同腐殖质组分团聚体对苯酚的富集系数大小依次为FA团聚体（2.50±0.10）> HA团聚体（2.45±0.11）> HM团聚体（1.36±0.04）.研究显示,FA团聚体对苯酚的饱和吸附量和富集系数较大,对苯酚的吸附（富集）作用较强,HM团聚体对苯酚的饱和吸附量和富集系数较小,对苯酚的吸附（富集）作用较弱.不同腐殖质组分团聚体对苯酚的富集能力大小表现为FA团聚体> HA团聚体> HM团聚体.因此,FA团聚体可作为控制受苯酚污染场地土壤的首选修复剂.      

Sorption of Triton X-100 on soil organic matter fractions：Kinetics and isotherms

Kinetics and isotherms of Triton X-100 sorption on soil,base-extracted soil(BE),humic acid (HA) and humin (HM) were investigated respectively to get better understanding on characteristics of the surfactant sorptiun onto different soil organic matters(SOMs).It was demonstrated that the kinetics results could be satisfactorily described by the pseudo-second order model.The half of the time to reach equilibrium(t1/2) for different sorbents followed the sequence of soil>HA>BE>HM.Furthermore,the calculated equilibrium sorption capacity(Ceq) was found in the sequence of HA>BE>HM>soil,which agreed well with the experimental results.The isotherms of Triton X-100 sorption on soil and HA could be well described by the S-type isotherm,but BE and HM by the L-type.The isotherms of all the four sorbents were found reasonably fitted to the Langmuir equation.The Kd value,defined as the ratio of Triton X-100 in sorbent and in the equilibrium solution for given concentrations,generally followed the order of HM>HA>soil>BE.Separated HM and HA showed high affinity for Triton X-100,but the HA and HM in soil and BE were tightly bounded by the minerals.Thus,the HA on the soil surface might dominate the sorption,whereas the bounded HM would play a key role upon the surfactants being penetrated inside the soil.     

Experimental and molecular dynamic simulation study of perfluorooctane sulfonate adsorption on soil and sediment components

Soil and sediment play a crucial role in the fate and transport of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) in the environment. However, the molecular mechanisms of major soil/sediment components on PFOS adsorption remain unclear. This study experimentally isolated three major components in soil/sediment: humin/kerogen, humic/fulvic acid(HA/FA), and inorganic component after removing organics, and explored their contributions to PFOS adsorption using batch adsorption experiments and molecular dynamic simulations. The results suggest that the humin/kerogen component dominated the PFOS adsorption due to its aliphatic features where hydrophobic effect and phase transfer are the primary adsorption mechanism.Compared with the humin/kerogen, the HA/FA component contributed less to the PFOS adsorption because of its hydrophilic and polar characteristics. The electrostatic repulsion between the polar groups of HA/FA and PFOS anions was attributable to the reduced PFOS adsorption. When the soil organic matter was extracted, the inorganic component also plays a non-negligible role because PFOS molecules might form surface complexes on SiO 2surface.The findings obtained in this study illustrate the contribution of organic matters in soils and sediments to PFOS adsorption and provided new perspective to understanding the adsorption process of PFOS on micro-interface in the environment.     

Experimental and molecular dynamic simulation study of perfluorooctane sulfonate adsorption on soil and sediment components

Soil and sediment play a crucial role in the fate and transport of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in the environment. However, the molecular mechanisms of major soil/sediment components on PFOS adsorption remain unclear. This study experimentally isolated three major components in soil/sediment: humin/kerogen, humic/fulvic acid (HA/FA), and inorganic component after removing organics, and explored their contributions to PFOS adsorption using batch adsorption experiments and molecular dynamic simulations. The results suggest that the humin/kerogen component dominated the PFOS adsorption due to its aliphatic featureswhere hydrophobic effect and phase transfer are the primary adsorptionmechanism. Compared with the humin/kerogen, the HA/FA component contributed less to the PFOS adsorption because of its hydrophilic and polar characteristics. The electrostatic repulsion between the polar groups of HA/FA and PFOS anions was attributable to the reduced PFOS adsorption.When the soil organicmatterwas extracted, the inorganic component also plays a non-negligible role because PFOS molecules might form surface complexes on SiO₂ surface. The findings obtained in this study illustrate the contribution of organic matters in soils and sediments to PFOS adsorption and provided newperspective to understanding the adsorption process of PFOS on micro-interface in the environment.     

黏土矿物不同腐殖质组分团聚体对苯酚的封存特征

为探讨不同腐殖质组分团聚体对苯酚封存能力的影响,应用国际腐殖酸协会推荐的方法提取腐殖质,以Ca²⁺、Al³⁺、Fe³⁺为桥键离子,制备了高岭石、蒙脱石不同腐殖质组分团聚体,并采用平衡吸附/解吸试验、应用饱和吸附量与最大解吸量差减法研究了不同腐殖质组分团聚体对苯酚的封存特征.结果表明,团聚体对苯酚的吸附等温线可用Freundlich吸附/解吸方程（R²=0.991~0.998）和Langmuir吸附/解吸方程（R²=0.993~0.999）描述.高岭石不同腐殖质组分团聚体对苯酚的封存量（Q_m^irr）排序为：富里酸团聚体（（133.71±6.14）mg·kg^-1） > 胡敏酸团聚体（（49.59±8.93）mg·kg^-1） > 胡敏素团聚体（（21.68±2.95）mg·kg^-1）;封存系数（SR）排序为：富里酸团聚体（0.53±0.04） > 胡敏酸团聚体（0.27±0.05） > 胡敏素团聚体（0.18±0.03）;蒙脱石不同腐殖质组分团聚体对苯酚的封存量（Q_m^irr）排序为：富里酸团聚体（（319.44±8.95）mg·kg^-1） > 胡敏酸团聚体（（92.96±22.10）mg·kg^-1） > 胡敏素团聚体（（36.22±6.36）mg·kg^-1）;封存系数（SR）排序为：富里酸团聚体（0.76±0.02） > 胡敏酸团聚体（0.32±0.09） > 胡敏素团聚体（0.23±0.05）.考查腐殖质团聚体对苯酚的封存能力时不但要考虑腐殖质的含量,更要考虑腐殖质的赋存形态,它也是影响团聚体对苯酚封存能力的重要因素.富里酸、胡敏酸和胡敏素与黏土矿物结合形成有机矿质复合体后,对苯酚的封存能力发生了显著改变,团聚体对苯酚的封存系数与团聚体有机碳含量和内表面积呈显著正相关（p<0.01）,团聚体对苯酚的吸附/解吸分配系数（k/k_d）与团聚体有机碳含量和内表面积呈显著正相关（p<0.01）,土壤/沉积物团聚体的有机碳含量和内表面积是影响对苯酚封存特征的重要因素.研究显示,不同腐殖质组分团聚体对苯酚的封存能力排序为：富里酸团聚体 > 胡敏酸团聚体 > 胡敏素团聚体.     

多环芳烃（PAHs）在不同腐殖酸组分中的赋存特征和氧化降解效果研究

选取腐殖酸重要组分胡敏酸、富里酸、胡敏素为研究对象,研究了不同老化时间下多环芳烃(PAHs)在腐殖酸各组分中的赋存特征.同时,探究了过硫酸钠、高锰酸钾、芬顿试剂、过氧化氢4种氧化剂氧化PAHs过程中污染物在腐殖酸和上清液中的分布情况,确定胡敏酸、富里酸、胡敏素中PAHs的降解效率.实验结果表明,PAHs在胡敏素中存在吸附滞后现象,老化前期胡敏素对PAHs的吸附速率慢、吸附量少,但老化后期出现吸附量的反超,因此,胡敏素、胡敏酸和富里酸中PAHs的最终吸附量并没有明显差异.高环PAHs在3种腐殖酸组分中的吸附速率和最终吸附量远小于低、中环PAHs.过硫酸钠和高锰酸钾能够较好地去除胡敏酸、富里酸、胡敏素中的大部分PAHs,去除率均在95%左右,芬顿试剂对胡敏酸、富里酸和胡敏素中总PAHs的去除效果差别不大,去除率均在79.36%~88.05%之间;过氧化氢对胡敏酸和胡敏素中PAHs的去除率分别为82.82%和61.77%,而对富里酸中PAHs的去除效果最差,去除率仅为43.96%.过硫酸钠和高锰酸钾是氧化PAHs类有机污染土壤的最佳氧化剂,能够有效提高不同组分腐殖酸中PAHs的去除率.     

土壤中不同有机质对菲的吸附行为及生物可利用性的影响

为了研究不同有机质对持久性有机污染物(POPs)的吸附行为及生物可利用性的影响,从黑龙江省未被多环芳烃(PAHs)污染的农业表层土壤中提取了矿质结合态胡敏酸(MHA)、矿质结合态胡敏素(MHU),通过绘制吸附动力学曲线和吸附等温线,研究了MHA、MHU及全上本身对菲的吸附特性,并通过改变老化时间和吸附剂质量,研究了不同...     

不同有机物料对黑土腐殖质元素组成及结构的影响

 利用元素分析仪及红外光谱仪研究施用不同有机物料对黑土腐殖质元素组成及结构影响的差异性.结果表明:与对照(CK)相比,有机物料施用5a后,黑土胡敏酸(HA)中C、H含量均显著降低,并以木本处理作用最显著.除动物粪便处理HA中N含量与CK相等外,其余有机处理N含量均显著高于CK,施用动物残体则使HA中O含量显著降低.施用草本残体可以提高富里酸(FA)中N含量.动物残体使FA中H含量显著降低.施用草本残体、木本残体使FA中C含量升高,O含量影响降低.有机物的施用使铁结合胡敏素(HMi)中C、H含量下降而使O含量上升,并以草本处理作用最显著,同时草本处理也使HMi中N含量降低.与CK相比,施用动物粪便、木本残体提高了粘粒结合胡敏素(HMc)中C、N含量而降低了O含量,有机物料施用5a后均使黑土HMc中H含量降低,且各处理之间差异显著.与CK相比,有机物料施用五年后均使HA及FA脂族性减弱,并以草本残体处理影响最明显.对于HMc,施用有机物料有利于提高其脂族性,同时使芳香C=C振动减弱,并且以木本处理影响最明显.有机物料施用5a后使HMi的羟基含量及碳水化合物减少,而使其脂族性提高.试验结果证实,不同有机物料处理对黑土腐殖质各组分特征的影响有明显差异.     

溶解性有机物在土壤含水层处理系统中的变化

通过实验室模拟土壤含水层处理(SAT)的土壤柱系统研究了二级处理出水中溶解性有机物(DOM)的荧光特性在SAT系统中的变化.利用XAD树脂将二级处理出水中的DOM分为5个部分:疏水性有机酸(HPO-A),疏水性中性有机物(HPO-N),过渡亲水性有机酸(TPI-A),过渡亲水性中性有机物(TPI-N)和亲水性有机物(HPI).结果表明,TPI-N中的类芳香族蛋白质荧光物质在SAT系统中优先去除.经过SAT系统处理后,类芳香族蛋白质荧光物质和类溶解性微生物代谢产物荧光物质在HPO-A,HPO-N,TPI-A和HPI中的相对含量升高.各组分中带有3~5个稠合苯环的荧光物质,以及激发波长/发射波长(λex/λem)=390~410nm/456~476nm的类腐殖酸荧光物质在SAT系统中的去除率低于相应组分中以溶解性有机碳(DOC)表征的整体有机物的去除率.不同组分中的其他荧光物质在SAT系统中去除行为不同.     

融雪期城市河流中溶解性有机物的时空分布特征

以沈阳市新开河为研究对象,考察了河水中溶解性有机物(DOM)含量的月份变化,以及融雪期河水中DOM含量和特性的时空变化规律.利用XAD树脂将DOM分为5个部分:疏水性有机酸(HPO-A),疏水性中性有机物(HPO-N),过渡亲水性有机酸(TPI-A),过渡亲水性中性有机物(TPI-N)和亲水性有机物(HPI).结果表明,融雪期河水中的溶解性有机碳(DOC)浓度较高,HPO-N和TPI-N是融雪期河水中的主要DOM组分,并且DOM中的荧光物质主要为类芳香族蛋白质荧光物质和类腐植酸荧光物质.融雪期水体中的DOC、波长254nm处的紫外吸光度(UV-254)和三卤甲烷生成势(THMFP)呈先降低然后波动最后升高的变化趋势.特征紫外吸光度(SUVA)和三卤甲烷生成活性(STHMFP)与以上三者的变化规律相反.融雪期河水中的DOC受污水排放影响大,有排污口处的DOC含量明显大于其他区域.污水排放也使受纳水体中UV-254对THMFP的指示作用减弱.     

Isolation and fractionation of soil humin using alkaline urea and dimethylsulphoxide plus sulphuric acid

Humin, the most recalcitrant and abundant organic fraction of soils and of sediments, is a significant contributor to the stable carbon pool in soils and is important for the global carbon budget. It has significant resistance to transformations by microorganisms. Based on the classical operational definition, humin can include any humic-type substance that is not soluble in water at any pH. We demonstrate in this study how sequential exhaustive extractions with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) + 6 M urea, followed by dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) + 6% (v/v) sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) solvent systems, can extract 70–80% of the residual materials remaining after prior exhaustive extractions in neutral and aqueous basic media. Solid-state ¹³C NMR spectra have shown that the components isolated in the base + urea system were compositionally similar to the humic and fulvic acid fractions isolated at pH 12.6 in the aqueous media. The NMR spectra indicated that the major components isolated in the DMSO + H₂SO₄ medium had aliphatic hydrocarbon associated with carboxyl functionalities and with lesser amounts of carbohydrate and peptide and minor amounts of lignin-derived components. The major components will have significant contributions from long-chain fatty acids, waxes, to cuticular materials. The isolates in the DMSO + H₂SO₄ medium were compositionally similar to the organic components that resisted solvation and remained associated with the soil clays. It is concluded that the base + urea system released humic and fulvic acids held by hydrogen bonding or by entrapment within the humin matrix. The recalcitrant humin materials extracted in DMSO + H₂SO₄ are largely biological molecules (from plants and the soil microbial population) that are likely to be protected from degradation by their hydrophobic moieties and by sorption on the soil clays. Thus, the major components of humin do not satisfy the classical definitions for humic substances which emphasise that these arise from microbial or chemical transformations in soils of the components of organic debris.     

沉积物化学浸取与毒性有机物多组分吸附模式

以粘土矿物、金属氧化物、碳酸钙和腐殖酸为近海沉积物模拟样品进行了吸附γ－６６６的实验研究，根据模拟实验得到的吸附规律，将实际近海沉积物样品进行了化学浸取，分离掉其中的有机质，通过浸取与未浸取沉物对两种毒性有机物的吸附实验，建立了沉积物中无同和有机质组分吸附疏水性有机物的二级分地模式，用该模式解释了过去难以解释的实验现象。     

湖泊沉积物有机质的连续提取与荧光光谱特征分析

采用化学连续提取与三维荧光光谱相结合的方法研究了蠡湖沉积物中可提取有机质的组成、结构和空间分布特征,并探讨了可提取态有机质组分与可交换态氮和弱吸附态磷之间的相关关系.结果表明,蠡湖沉积物中有机质含量为5.59~22.11 g·kg~(-1)(以C计),均值为12.28g·kg~(-1),其中水可提取态有机质(WSOM)、富里酸(FA)、胡敏酸(HA)和胡敏素(HM)的比例分别为5.14%、11.81%、9.63%和73.42%,空间上呈现由西向东逐渐递增,湖岸大于湖心的分布趋势.WSOM鉴别出3个荧光组分,以类氨基酸荧光峰(W-C1)占优势,占总荧光强度的比例为42.49%;FA鉴别出2个荧光组分,以富里酸荧光峰(F-C2)为主,比例为67.63%;HA的3个荧光峰中,以类胡敏酸荧光峰(H-C1和H-C3)为主,两者之和的比例为71.55%.多元回归统计表明,可提取有机质组分与游离态氮和易解析态磷含量之间均显著正相关,且与氮的相关性系数大于与磷,反映了可提取有机质与可交换态氮的关系更为密切,可用于指示沉积物生物可利用性氮磷的污染状况.     

土壤不同有机质组分对菲的吸附特征研究

采用批次实验,研究了三种不同类型土壤黄红壤、水稻土和草甸土的全土、重组、去松结态和紧结态4个组分对菲的吸附,结果表明,菲在不同土壤及其组分上的吸附等温线都能用Freundlich方程进行拟合,所有等温线都具有一定程度的非线性,指数N值的大小顺序基本都为全土>重组>去松结态>紧结态.除了黄红壤的紧结态比去松结态对菲的吸附容量KF值略小外,不同土壤及其组分对菲吸附的KF值以及有机碳归一化的KFoc值大小顺序都为紧结态>去松结态>重组>全土.不同类型土壤之间的KF值大小顺序为草甸土>水稻土>黄红壤,而KFoc值大小顺为水稻土>草甸土>黄红壤.KF值与有机碳含量之间呈显著性正相关(P<0.05),KFoc与N之间呈极显著负相关(P<0.001).土壤及其组分对菲的吸附强度与有机质的结构特征和聚合程度有关.     

溶解性有机质对铁铝土吸附2,4-D的影响

以动力学吸附和等温吸附实验研究了2,4-D在铁铝土中的吸附特征,并比较了不同亲/疏水性溶解性有机质（DOM）对此的影响.结果表明：2,4-D在铁铝土中的动力学吸附符合伪一级动力学方程,等温吸附符合Henry,Freundlich方程,是一个物理作用主导的,自发的,放热的非均质吸附过程.吸附系数K_d为0.61~2.02L/kg,是一种难吸附有机污染物,对地下水存在环境风险.吸附量受土壤pH值影响显著,与土壤中矿物含量,粘粒组成等也密切相关.DOM共存条件下,高疏水性DOM,中疏水性DOM抑制了2,4-D在铁铝土的吸附,使K_d值下降10.7%~58.8%.低疏水性DOM对铁铝土吸附2,4-D作用不明显.DOM对铁铝土吸附2,4-D的作用效应与土壤理化性质和DOM性质密切相关.土壤矿物组分越多,粘粒含量越高,堵孔效应越大.DOM疏水性越大,对2,4-D吸附作用的增溶作用,堵孔作用也越大,其中HOA,HON是关键组分.     

多方法研究呼伦湖表层沉积物有机质的赋存特征及来源

湖泊沉积物有机质是全球碳循环的重要组成部分之一.寒旱区湖泊由于地理位置和气候条件的特殊性,其沉积物有机质的赋存和迁移转化特征更容易受到气候变化的影响.以我国寒旱区典型代表湖泊——呼伦湖为例,采用连续提取法、C/N（碳氮比值）、δ13C（碳稳定同位素）、三维荧光光谱技术对呼伦湖表层沉积物有机质的含量和组分的时空分布特征、污染来源及稳定性进行了研究.结果表明:①2018年10月（秋季）、2019年3月（冬季）、2019年5月（春季）、2019年7月（夏季）,呼伦湖表层沉积物中w（TOC）的平均值分别为（25.05±9.73）（26.92±11.60）（24.68±10.19）（24.36±10.01）g/kg,呈冬季高、夏季低,由西北部向东南部递减的时空分布趋势.②w（WEOM）（WEOM为水提态有机质）、w（FA）（FA为富里酸）、w（HA）（HA为胡敏酸）和w（HM）（HM为胡敏素）的年均值分别为（0.63±0.33）（2.31±1.26）（3.42±1.49）（19.21±7.83）g/kg,w（WEOM）:w（FA）:w（HA）:w（HM）为1.0:3.7:5.5:30.7,其中HM为有机质的优势组分.③WEOM包括类富里酸组分C1,类腐殖酸组分C2和C3,以及类色氨酸组分C4共4个荧光组分,其中,类腐殖质组分（C1+C2+C3）贡献了总荧光强度的79.2%,为优势荧光组分.④沉积物有机质主要来自于陆源,陆源有机质的平均贡献率在80%左右.⑤沉积物PQ值（胡敏酸占腐殖酸的比例）和WEOM的HIX（腐殖化指数）年均值分别为0.55和6.39,表明现阶段呼伦湖表层沉积物有机质腐殖化程度较高且相对稳定.研究显示:呼伦湖表层沉积物有机质含量较高,表现出季节和空间分布差异性;有机质主要来自陆源,以类腐殖质为主,具有腐殖化程度高和相对稳定的特点.