循环经济:低碳城市建设的路径与手段

气候变化逐渐成为全球共同面临的风险。大气中温室气体浓度增加，引起近50年来以变暖为主要特征的全球气候显著变化，对人类社会的生存和发展带来严重挑战。城市是二氧化碳等温室气体的高排放区，推进基于城市尺度的温室气体减排研究，加强低碳城市建设具有重要意义。从我国低碳城市与循环经济发展的现状出发，以循环经济思想为指导，从提高产业活动能效、开发可再生能源、生活垃圾资源化3方面提出建议。旨在为推进我国低碳城市建设提供借鉴。     

我国绿色包装产业发展路径研究——基于循环经济和低碳经济协调发展的视角

以减量化、再利用、再循环为原则的循环经济和低能耗、低污染、低排放的低碳经济,是应对环境污染、生态破坏、实现可持续发展的重要路径和必由之路。大力发展循环经济、低碳经济与绿色包装,也是加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的必然选择,在循环经济和低碳经济协调发展的视角下,阐述了绿色包装的概念,分析了循环经济、低碳经济与绿色包装的关系,指出我国目前发展绿色包装产业主要存在的问题,在我国经济发展面临资源短缺与环境污染两难的形势下,通过政府、企业和公众的共同努力,构建"政府主导、企业执行、公众参与、科技和人才支撑"的绿色包装产业发展模式,使绿色包装产业朝着健康、绿色、环保的方向发展。     

关于钢铁企业发展低碳经济的思考

低碳经济是以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基本特征的一种经济发展模式。介绍了发达国家及我国为了发展低碳经济,所制定的法律法规及采取的措施。指出我国发展低碳经济所面临的困难和挑战,特别是我国钢铁工业发展低碳经济所面临的困难更大。提出钢铁企业创新理念、迎难而上,实现钢铁企业低碳化、生态化目标的具体思路。     

发展低碳经济是挑战 更是机遇

在全球气候变暖的背景下,以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础的低碳经济成为全球热点。论述了我国发展低碳经济所面临的压力和挑战,提出发展低碳经济是我国的必然选择,由高碳经济向低碳经济转变对我国经济的发展起到促进作用,同时对有色金属工业在发展低碳经济中所面临的形势和机遇进行分析,为政府、企业在发展低碳经济过程中应担当的责任和做法提出建议。     

经济转型中的中国废钢铁投资市场

废钢铁产业是我国再生资源产业的主体,其节能减排、低碳环保和不可替代的钢铁原料功效十分显著。阐述了我国废钢铁产业在经济转型中的主导地位、应用价值、投资环境及今后的发展战略。指出我国经济发展方式的转变,赋予了废钢铁产业良好的发展机遇和重大的历史使命,中国废钢产业具有良好的投资市场和巨大的发展空间。     

发展低碳经济的意义与途径

由于全球气候变暖,低碳经济成为国际热点。发展低碳经济不仅可以减缓全球气候变暖,还可以减少生态环境破坏、水和大气污染等问题。通过推进节能减排,优化能源结构,发展循环经济,引导低碳生活方式等,实现低碳经济的加快发展。     

高载能产业低碳循环经济发展模式的风险及对策研究——以某区域循环经济示范项目为例

中国政府强力引导低碳清洁发展,但政府纲要和指导意见中关于高载能产业循环经济发展的支持政策不够明确,实施过程中将会存在许多重大风险因素。本案例中发现的问题也是其他高载能产业低碳循环经济项目需要规避的风险。运用经济控制理论,将循环经济体看作离散时间动态系统,搭建循环经济体的状态空间模型,运用风险管理的思维和方法,识别循环经济体内的具体风险,提出对策,利用高载能产业循环经济管理上的确定性,应对发展中的不确定性。     

陕西省发展低碳农业的路径选择

陕西是我国西部地区文化、科技的强省。虽然能源资源相对丰富,但是生态环境脆弱。农业经济发展受地理环境和发展理念的制约,发展水平较之东部发达地区存在很大的差距。低碳农业随着低碳经济的发展应运而生,发展低碳农业不仅是统筹城乡发展、实现社会循环经济发展一体化的切入点,而且是保护生态环境"双赢"的重要途径,同时也是转变陕西农业发展方式的必然选择。试析在建设陕西新农村背景下如何选择符合陕西省低碳农业发展的新模式和如何选择促进陕西区域经济又好又快发展的有效对策。     

制定《南京市低碳发展促进条例》的研究与建议

低碳发展是一种以低耗能、低污染、低排放为特征的可持续发展模式,对经济和社会的可持续发展具有重要意义。南京作为第三批国家低碳试点城市之一,低碳立法需求显得尤为迫切。结合主要发达国家低碳发展情况,针对我国低碳立法现状及存在问题,立足南京实际,从政策落实、法律缺位等方面阐明低碳立法的必要性,并提出"五个突出、两个结合"的立法思路。     

低碳经济与湖南转变经济发展方式

湖南在加快转变经济发展方式的进程中,从"一化三基"到"四化两型"的战略升级,更加注重培育以低碳排放为特征的新的经济增长点,把环保作为转变发展方式的"闸门"和"调节阀",着力推进自主创新,培育战略性新兴产业,建设低碳城市,全面推进湘江流域环境综合整治,打造湘潭九华示范区"两型"产业平台,多措并举发展低碳经济,在新的更高起点上推动湖南又好又快发展.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyols and Polyurethane Foams from PET Waste and Crude Glycerol

In this study, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste from post-consumer soft-drink bottles and crude glycerol from the biodiesel industry were used for the preparation of polyols and polyurethane foams. PET waste was firstly depolymerized by the glycolysis of diethylene glycol. The glycolyzed PET oligomers were then reacted with crude glycerol at different weight ratios to produce polyols via a series of reactions, such as esterification, transesterification, condensation, and polycondensation. The polyols were characterized by titration, viscometry, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and differential scanning calorimetry. Subsequently, polyurethane (PU) foams were made via the reaction between the produced polyols and polymeric methylene-4,4′-diphenyl diisocyanate and were characterized by mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Polyols from crude glycerol and their PU foams were also prepared to compare properties with those of polyols and PU foams from PET and crude glycerol. The influence of aromatic segments existing in glycolyzed PET and glycerol content on the properties of the polyols and PU foams was investigated. It was found that aromatic segments of polyols from glycolyzed PET helped increase their molecular weights and improve thermal stability of PU foams, while high glycerol content in polyols increased the hydroxyl number of polyols and the density and compressive strength of PU foams.     

电厂建设运行中的水土流失预测与水土保持设计

在燃煤电厂建设运行的同时,将引起一系列的水土流失问题.以四川国电金堂电厂二期扩建工程为例,简要说明项目区水土流失预测的内容和方法,并在其基础上对可能产生的水土流失和危害进行了分析,同时介绍了建设期和运行期采取的综合防治措施,为类似工程的水土保持提供借鉴.     

磷对环境的污染及防治对策

我国水体富营养化严重，其主要控制因子是磷。在分析磷污染的污染状况，污染源的基础上，介绍了防治对策，采用低磷循环冷却水处理剂，减少磷排放，是防止工业磷污染的有效方法。     

Pyrolysis of virgin and waste polypropylene and its mixtures with waste polyethylene and polystyrene

A comparison of waste and virgin polypropylene (PP) plastics under slow pyrolysis conditions is presented. Moreover, mixtures of waste PP with wastes of polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) were pyrolyzed under the same operating conditions. Not only the impact of waste on degradation products but also impacts of the variations in the mixing ratio were investigated. The thermogravimetric weight loss curves and their derivatives of virgin and waste PP showed differences due to the impurities which are dirt and food residues. The liquid yield distribution concerning the aliphatic, mono-aromatic and poly-aromatic compounds varies as the ratio of PP waste increases in the waste plastic mixtures. In addition to this, the alkene/alkane ratio of gas products shows variations depending on the mixing ratio of wastes.     

北京市居民衣服消费处置及对其回收利用认识调查与分析

首先对北京市居民每年购买新衣服的数量、支出、穿着时间、淘汰原因,以及闲置衣服的处理方式、数量等进行了调查与分析,然后对北京市居民对旧衣物回收利用的认识、回收形式及其处理方式,对旧衣物如何处理回收、再利用的担忧,对希望旧衣物回收箱摆放的场所等进行了调查与分析。其研究结果对废旧纺织品回收体系建设、制度及政策制定具有一定的参考价值。     

Photo-oxidation and Photo-toxicity of Crude and Refined Oils

The fate and effects of an oil spill are effected by solar radiation through the action of photo-oxidation and photo-toxicity. Photo-oxidation, an important process in the weathering of oil, produces a variety of oxidized compounds, including aliphatic and aromatic ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, esters, epoxides, sulfoxides, sulfones, phenols, anhydrides, quinones and aliphatic and aromatic alcohols. Some of these compounds contribute to the marine biota toxicity observed after an oil spill. Photo-toxicity occurs when uptake of certain petroleum compounds, e.g. certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzothiophenes, is followed by solar exposure which results in much greater toxicity than after dark uptake. The mechanism of PAH photo-toxicity includes absorbance of solar radiation by the PAH which produces a free radical and this free radical in turn reacts with oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA and other cellular macromolecules. While most studies on photo-toxicity have been carried out in the laboratory, there are studies showing that water from an oil spill is photo-toxic to bivalve embryos for at least a few days after the spill. Other studies have found that oil contaminated sediments are photo-toxic to several marine invertebrates. More studies are required to determine if marine fauna at an oil spill site are effected by the action of photo-toxicity and photo-oxidation.     

Novel and innovative pyrolysis and gasification technologies for energy efficient and environmentally sound MSW disposal

Within the context of European Union (EU) energy policy and sustainibility in waste management, recent EU regulations demand energy efficient and environmentally sound disposal methods of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Currently, landfill with its many drawbacks is the preferred option in the EU and many other industrialised countries. Within the waste management hierarchy thermal disposal especially incineration is a viable and proven alternative. But, the dominating method, mass-burn grate incineration has drawbacks as well particularly hazardous emissions and harmful process residues. In recent years, pyrolysis and gasification technologies have emerged to address these issues and improve the energy output. To keep the many players in the field comprehensively informed and up-to-date, novel and innovative technology approaches emphasising European developments are reviewed.     

高校环境管理和废弃物处理处置

高校是社会的一个特殊群体,承载着人才培养、科学研究、社会服务和文化传承创新等重任.解决好广大师生在日常工作、学习和生活中所产生的各类废弃物的处理处置问题,以及大学校园的环境规划和环境管理问题,是办好现代大学的重要工作.就高校面临的环境问题、高校环境管理的特殊性和高校废弃物处理处置中应该注意的问题等进行探讨.     

微生物絮凝剂及其在水处理中的应用

近年来对微生物絮凝剂的研究不断深入，新的高效菌种不断被发现。简要介绍了微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理、分关、絮凝效果及影响因素，重点介绍了新型微生物絮凝剂在水处理中的应用。