改性聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜处理压裂返排液研究

针对中空纤维膜应用于水力压裂返排液处理时存在膜污染严重、通量衰减快、影响处理效率等问题,研究了PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)固含量、凝固浴温度等因素对PVDF膜性能的影响,通过非溶剂致相分离法制备PVDF中空纤维膜,并采用表面接枝技术,对PVDF中空纤维膜进行了表面亲水化改性。压裂返排液吸附实验结果表明,表面接枝降低了PVDF的接触角,提高了膜的亲水性。将亲水性中空纤维膜用于页岩气水力压裂返排液的过滤处理,应用结果表明其对压裂返排液中的总铁、SS、浊度、细菌去除率达到90%以上,长时间运行后的通量保持率高,有较好的抗膜污染性。     

改性PVDF中空纤维膜处理压裂返排液研究

针对中空纤维膜应用于水力压裂返排液处理时存在的膜污染严重、通量衰减快、影响处理效率等问题,研究了PVDF固含量、凝固浴温度等因素对PVDF膜性能的影响,通过非溶剂致相分离法制备了PVDF中空纤维膜,并采用表面接枝技术,对PVDF中空纤维膜进行了表面亲水化改性。压裂返排液吸附实验结果表明,表面接枝降低了PVDF的接触角,提高了膜的亲水性。与未接枝改性的PVDF膜相比,亲水改性后的PVDF膜表面吸附的压裂返排液更少。将亲水性中空纤维膜用于页岩气水力压裂返排液的过滤处理,应用结果表明其对压裂返排液中的总铁、SS、浊度、细菌去除率达到90%以上,长时间运行后的通量保持率高,有较好的抗膜污染性。     

聚烯烃中空纤维膜及分离新技术在环保工程中的开发、应用

本文介绍了浙江大学膜分离工程联合公司研制的聚烯烃中空纤维膜的性能、应用和开发前景。     

聚烯烃中空纤维膜及分离新技术在环保工程中的开发,应用

本文介绍了浙江大学膜分离工程联合公司研制的聚烯烃中空纤维膜的性能，应用和开发前景。     

一体式中空纤维膜法污水处理技术

由大连大器环保设备有限公司开发的一体式中空纤维膜法污水处理技术,适用于中水回用工程及高浓度有机废水处理工程。主要技术内容一、基本原理通过活性污泥对污水中的有机物进行吸附、包容、降解处理后,再通过中空纤维膜过滤,分离活性污泥和处理水。二、技术关键采用中空纤维膜与活性污泥相结合的方法,通过浸渍在生化槽内的中空纤维膜实现活性污泥法的后期固定液分离。典型规模处理水量:250t/d。主要技术指标原水水质:COD2000mg/L(BOD1000mg/L),处理后水质COD150mg/L。主要设备及运行管理一、主要设备风机、原水泵、移送泵、消泡泵、循…     

LB纤维丝增强型中空纤维膜及组件

由厦门绿邦膜技术有限公司、厦门市威士邦膜科技有限公司开发的LB纤维丝增强型中空纤维膜及组件,适用于工业废水、城市污水的深度处理及资源化利用,以分离、浓缩、净化为目的的各种生产工艺。     

三种MBR工艺深度水处理比较研究

选取3种不同结构类型膜组件的MBR工艺对污水处理厂的尾水进行深度处理的中试应用研究,对比分析其处理效果及系统稳定运行能力。结果表明,平板膜系统、中空纤维膜系统和碟片式膜系统对COD的平均去除率为62. 1%、58. 1%和65. 7%,对NH+4-N的平均去除率为44. 2%、31. 4%和46. 0%,TP结合化学除磷后去除率为70. 4%、42. 3%和77. 1%,达到城镇生活污水升标改造的目的。其中碟片式膜污染物去除能力和出水水质稳定性和平板膜系统相近,优于中空纤维膜系统。     

中空纤维陶瓷膜修饰及去除重金属离子的研究

以铝矾土为原料,采用"相转化-高温烧结"法制备低成本中空纤维陶瓷膜。膜管直径约为2.0 mm,管壁由指状孔层和海绵层组成。通过针铁矿纳米颗粒修饰后的中空纤维陶瓷膜,其表面膜孔径由0.6~0.8μm降低到10~25 nm,而渗透通量降低到原本的1.6%左右。修饰后的中空纤维陶瓷膜通过错流过滤对水中Cd2+和Pb2+的去除率分别超过90%和77%。错流过滤受到电荷排斥作用和筛分作用。     

天津膜天膜科技股份有限公司

天津膜天膜科技股份有限公司(简称"膜天膜公司")是以膜材料和膜过程研发、膜产品规模化生产、膜设备制造以及膜工程设计施工和运营服务为产业链的国家高新技术企业,注册资金8700万元。"膜天膜公司"是我国较早从事中空纤维膜技术研究的单位之一。公司具有完整的膜技术研发创新体系、生产建造体系和运营管理体系。     

中空纤维膜家用净水器工艺改良设计的探讨

针对家用净水器的市场情况,介绍了中空纤维膜超滤技术的工作原理和特点;提出用串联活性炭(或RO)过滤单元的组合模式可弥补该技术存在的不足;依据消费者对该类产品在净化功能等方面的需求,提出了改进建议。     

Testing and performance analysis of a hollow fiber-based core for evaporative cooling and liquid desiccant dehumidification

In this study, an innovative heat and mass transfer core is proposed to provide thermal comfort and humidity control using a hollow fiber contactor with multiple bundles of micro-porous hollow fibers. The hollow fiber-based core utilizes 12 bundles aligned vertically, each with 1,000 packed polypropylene hollow fibers. The proposed core was developed and tested under various operating and ambient conditions as a cooling core for a compact evaporative cooling unit and a dehumidification core for a liquid desiccant dehumidification unit. As a cooling core, the fiber-based evaporative cooler provides a maximum cooling capacity of 502 W with a wet bulb effectiveness of 85%. As a dehumidification core and employing potassium formate as a liquid desiccant, the dehumidifier is capable of reducing the air relative humidity by 17% with an overall dehumidification capacity of 733 W and humidity effectiveness of 47%. Being cheap and simple to design with their attractive heat and mass transfer characteristics and the corresponding large surface area-to-volume ratio, hollow fiber membrane contactors provide a promising alternative for cooling and dehumidification applications.     

Microfiltration of pretreated sanitary landfill leachate

A laboratory study using a bench scale model of two units operation involving coagulation process with Moringa oleifera seeds extract as a coagulant and filtration process using hollow fibre microfiltration membrane, was adopted to treat Air Hitam Sanitary Landfill leachate in Puchong, Malaysia. The performance of the microfiltration membrane in pretreated sanitary landfill leachate treatment was investigated through a continuous process. The leachate sample was passed through conventional coagulation process before being filtered through a hollow fibre microfiltration membrane of 0.1 μm surface pores. The hollow fibre microfiltration membrane decreased the turbidity, colour, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids and volatile suspended solids in the leachate by 98.30, 90.30, 99.63, 14.71 and 20%, respectively. The results showed that microfiltration is capable of removing high percentage of solids from leachate and might be considered as a polishing stage after on-site biological treatment for sanitary landfill leachate.     

Hollow fiber membrane separation process in the presence of gaseous and particle impurities for post-combustion CO2 capture

The membrane separation process for CO₂ capture can be interfered by the gaseous components and the fine particles in flue gas, especially in desulfurized flue gas. In this work, the pint-sized Polyimide(PI) hollow fiber membrane contactors were self-packed to investigate the membrane CO₂ separation from flue gas containing fine particles and gaseous contaminants (SO₂,SO₃,H₂O). First, the effects of SO₂, SO₃, water vapor, and gypsum particles on the CO₂ capture were studied independently and synergistically. The results showed that the effect of SO₂ on the membrane separation properties is indistinctive; however, the membrane performance was damaged seriously with the addition of SO₃. The high humidity promoted the CO₂ separation initially before inhibiting the PI membrane performance. Moreover, the decrease of the CO₂/N₂ selectivity and the permeation rate were accelerated with the coexistence of SO₂. The membrane performance showed an obvious deterioration in the presence of gypsum particles, with a 21% decrease in the CO₂/N₂ selectivity and 51% decrease in the permeation rate. Furthermore, the gypsum particles exerted dramatic damage. Under the WFGD conditions, the combined effects of SO₂, water vapor, and the gypsum particles influenced the stability of the membrane significantly. This tendency is mainly attributed to the deposition of fine particles and aerosol on the membrane surface, which occupied the effective area and enhanced the mass transfer resistance. This study of impurities’ influence could play an important role in further industrial application of membrane CO₂ capture.     

LIMITING NUTRIENT DETERMINATION IN LOTIC ECOSYSTEMS USING A QUANTITATIVE NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT PERIPHYTOMETER1

ABSTRACT: The decline of water quality in United States’ lotic ecosystems (streams and rivers) has been linked to nonpoint source nutrient loading (U.S. EPA, 1990). Determining limiting nutrients in streams is difficult due to the variable nature of lotic ecosystems. We developed a quantitative passive diffusion periphyton nutrient enrichment system, called the Matlock Periphytometer, to measure the response of attached algae (periphyton) to nutrient enrichment. The system is simple to build and provides quantitative nutrient enrichment of a surface for periphytic growth. The periphyton grow on a glass fiber filter, which allows complete recovery of periphyton for chlorophyll a analysis. A 14-kilodalton dialysis membrane was used as a biofilter to prevent bacterial and algal contamination of the nutrient solution. We determined the rates of diffusion of nitrogen and phosphorus ions across the Matlock Periphytometer's dialysis membrane and glass fiber filter over a 21-day period (42 and 22 μg/cm²/hr, respectively). We used the Matlock Periphytometer to determine the limiting nutrient in a woodland stream. Six replicates each of a control, nitrogen, and phosphorus treatment were placed in the stream for 14 days. The results indicated that phosphorus was the limiting nutrient in the stream for the period and location sampled.     

Low-Level Microwave Radiation Effect on Nerve Pulse Conduction Velocity

Summary This study is aimed to investigate dependence of nerve pulse conduction velocity on low-level microwave exposure. The changes in fiber membrane permeability or myelin sheath, caused by microwave, should affect nerve pulse conduction velocity. Experimental investigation was carried out for nerve pulse conduction velocity with and without applied microwave field and different orientations of its polarization to the nerve fiber. Microwave radiation of 450 MHz was applied polarized perpendicular or parallel to the nerve fiber. The measured field power density at the skin was 0.87 mW/cm². Special program was developed for calculation of the nerve pulse conduction velocity in LabView environment. The right nervus medianus motor nerve fibers of 35 young subjects were under the study. The experimental protocol included ten measurements in every cycle of five different exposure conditions. No changes in average values of the conduction velocities discovered in different exposure conditions. Theoretical calculations based on Hodgkin-Huxley model confirm only a weak possible effect. The results showed that low-level microwave radiation did not cause statistically significant change in nerve pulse conduction velocity in human motor nerve fiber.     

高压互感器液体硅橡胶绝缘护套修复工艺及性能研究

互感器是一种重要的变电站设备,针对目前在一些变电站中出现互感器的硅橡胶绝缘护套表层出现粉化现象,而又无法进行整体更换的情况,本文试图以现有的RTV防污闪涂料作为修复涂层来对互感器伞套进行补强,认为在RTV涂料的性能互感器运行要求的前提下,RTV涂料与互感器硅橡胶伞套的粘接性能应当是最重要的性能。基于这一想法,本文对RTV涂料与互感器伞套的粘接性能进行了研究,认为在采取正确施工工艺的前提下,RTV防污闪涂料能够用于对互感器伞套的修复。     

Carbon storage potential in natural fiber composites

The environmental performance of hemp based natural fiber mat thermoplastic (NMT) has been evaluated in this study by quantifying carbon storage potential and CO₂ emissions and comparing the results with commercially available glass fiber composites. Non-woven mats of hemp fiber and polypropylene matrix were used to make NMT samples by film-stacking method without using any binder aid. The results showed that hemp based NMT have compatible or even better strength properties as compared to conventional flax based thermoplastics. A value of 63 MPa for flexural strength is achieved at 64% fiber content by weight. Similarly, impact energy values (84–154 J/m) are also promising. The carbon sequestration and storage by hemp crop through photosynthesis is estimated by quantifying dry biomass of fibers based on one metric ton of NMT. A value of 325 kg carbon per metric ton of hemp based composite is estimated which can be stored by the product during its useful life. An extra 22% carbon storage can be achieved by increasing the compression ratio by 13% while maintaining same flexural strength. Further, net carbon sequestration by industrial hemp crop is estimated as 0.67 ton/h/year, which is compatible to all USA urban trees and very close to naturally, regenerated forests. A comparative life cycle analysis focused on non-renewable energy consumption of natural and glass fiber composites shows that a net saving of 50 000 MJ (3 ton CO₂ emissions) per ton of thermoplastic can be achieved by replacing 30% glass fiber reinforcement with 65% hemp fiber. It is further estimated that 3.07 million ton CO₂ emissions (4.3% of total USA industrial emissions) and 1.19 million m³ crude oil (1.0% of total Canadian oil consumption) can be saved by substituting 50% fiber glass plastics with natural fiber composites in North American auto applications. However, to compete with glass fiber effectively, further research is needed to improve natural fiber processing, interfacial bonding and control moisture sensitivity in longer run.     

Recycle of bio-waste banana and sisal fiber filled harmlessness epoxy hybrid composite for automotive roof application

Insists of polymer matrix composite is prepared by using natural fiber facilitates high tensile, flexural, and impact toughness properties. The natural fiber utilization in the polymer matrix can overcome the synthetic fiber demerits of poor compatibility, high moisture absorption, and high cost. The present research investigates developing a low-cost, environmentally eco-friendly epoxy hybrid composite using different volume percentages of chopped natural waste banana (0Vol%, 5Vol%, 10Vol%, and 15Vol%) and sisal fiber (0Vol%, 15Vol%, 10Vol%, and 5Vol%) through hand mould hot compression technique. The presence of natural waste banana and sisal fiber on tensile strength, flexural strength, and thermal adsorption properties of the epoxy hybrid composite are evaluated by ASTM test standards. The ASTM standard measured test results of epoxy hybrid composite with and without natural waste banana and sisal fiber were compared and sample three was identified by good tensile strength, flexural strength, and better thermal adsorption properties compared to all others. The sample three epoxy hybrid sample is recommended for automotive roof application.     

介绍一种原子吸收光谱法空心阴极灯的替代用法

用原子吸收光谱法测定Mn、Zn、Cu金属元素的常规监测中,需频繁更换Mn灯、Zn灯和Cu灯等空心阴极灯,耗时费力,增加了时间成本。文章介绍了一种新方法,用Mn灯、Zn灯两种空心阴极灯可作为Cu灯空心阴极灯使用。在实际操作中减少了更换灯的频次和预热次数,使测试工作变得经济而省时,降低了监测成本,提高了工作效率,是一项值得推广的方法改进。