浅谈新形势下强化基层环保执法的对策

基层环境行政执法存在较为严重的有法不依、执法不严、违法不纠、以权代法等现象.通过突出环境执法宣传、提高执法能力、加强强制执行权和部门协调等方面,提出了新形势下强化基层环保执法工作的对策.     

试论我国环保行政强制制度的建立与完善

修改环保法律法规,建立完善环保行政强制制度,制定规范的环保行政强制实施办法,改变环保行政强制以行政机关申请人民法院强制执行为主、行政强制措施为辅的状况,强化环保部门的行政强制权,是提高环保执法效能,改善环境质量,扭转环境污染事故高发态势的当务之急。     

论环境行政强制执行程序

正确运用和进一步完善环境行政强制执行程序是加强环境法制建设、推进环保工作法制化、实现“十五”环保工作目标的一个重要方面。本文结合最高人民法院《若干解释》论述了环境行政机关申请人民法院强制执行的具体程序、注意的问题以及完善环境行政强制执行程序的几点建议。     

解决基层环境执法难问题的思考

随着国家对环境保护工作日渐重视,环保政策逐渐由宏观调控向微观治理转移,基层环境执法工作的好坏将直接关系到环境保护监督管理职能能否得到切实有效地履行,关系到我国环境质量改善的成效。本文通过对当前基层环境执法难的原因分析,提出一些可供操作的解决办法。近年,在山东部分县区环境执法情况调研中,出现了环保执法难的现象,其主要表现为:一是现场检查难,基层环保部门由于体制的原因不敢查、不能查。二是案件处理难,由于现有的环保法律法规还不完善,环境执     

新时期基层环境监察执法理念转变的探讨

通过对广元市环境监察执法工作从传统环境监察执法向新时期环境监察执法转变的思考,认识到新时期基层环境监察执法应从接受新思想、新事物、新监察手段、新执法范围和新执法模式上转变,使新的执法理念满足新时期经济发展要求。     

以挂牌督办为契机深化环境执法工作

几年来,在环保专项行动中,辽宁以危害群众利益的"老大难"环境违法问题为重点,以挂牌督办为抓手,瞄准构建完备的环境执法监督体系的目标,坚持"权责明确、行为规范、监督有力、运转高效"的方向,通过挂牌督办的探索,联合执法、社会监督、行政问责等环境执法手段得到完善,联合联动的环境执法机制逐步形成,环境执法队伍得到了锻炼,环境执法效能得以大幅度提高,强力促进了环保专项行动的深入开展.     

对抗还是合作？——环境公益诉讼背景下的环境司法与环境执法

从传统来看,环境公益诉讼背景下的环境司法与环境执法是一种相互对抗的关系：环境司法旨在监督环境执法机关的行政执法行为。在我国现阶段．这种植根于“环境行政机关的执法意愿值得怀疑”这一前提预设的传统定位已经深陷理论与实践的困境。在新形势下,从对抗走向合作,是我国环境执法与环境司法相互关系定位上的必然选择。     

坚持完备的环保执法程序维护合法的具体行政行为

环保部门是执法监督管理部门,环保法规是监督管理的依据,依法监督行政是国家法律对环保部门的基本要求,因此,敢于执法,善于执法不仅是保护环境的重要任务,而且是搞好环保队伍自身建设的重要内容,真正把环境保护的监督管理纳入环保法制建设的轨道,建立环保工作新秩序的根本保证。一、明确环保行政执法程序法定程序是保证行政机关依法行政,作出正确合法的具体行政行为的必要条件,程序一旦被法律、规章所规定,成为法定程序,就同实体法一样,都是法律所必须保护的。违反法定程序,同样损害相对人的合法权益,产生不良的法律后果。要较好地克服以言…     

河南联通助力环境监察执法能力提升

河南省环境监察移动执法系统以河南省环境自动监控系统为核心,将环保内部专网与联通WCDMA3G网络有机结合,为执法部门提供全面、快速、准确的信息支持。随着经济高速增长,我国污染物排放量逐年攀升,环境污染日益严重,已成为制约我国经济社会健康发展的突出问题。另一方面,环境行政执法能力普遍不足,环境管理手段相对滞后。如何运用现代化管理手段,加强对排污企业的行政执法与监管管理,提高环境行政执     

浅谈当前我国环境执法的障碍与对策

环境执法是我国环境法制建设的一个重要组成部分。本文从当前环境立法权威、环境立法之间的关系、环境立法内容、环境职能部门的权力配置、执法人员素质、地方领导、环境管理体制、环境执法的群众参与以及公民的环境法律意识等方面问题和障碍的分析，提出了应对策略和建议。     

环境行政执法存在的问题及应对措施

环境保护执法不到位、行政不作为、执法难、执法软等现象，不仅损害了环境法律的严肃性和环保部门的形象，在一定程度上纵容了环境违法行为，地方保护主义等因素的存在，又使环境执法难成为各地的普遍存在的问题。因此环保部门应尽快制定措施，完善法规、健全机制、强化执法力量、加大宣传力度。     

环境行政执法工作中存在的问题及对策分析

近年来，我国虽然不断加大环境执法的力度，但由于在立法、体制、机制与执法监管能力等方面存在的弊端，执法效果不显著，这在一定程度上影响了环保法制建设的进程，降低了环保部门行政执法的能力。本文针对现实障碍，提出了尽快修订和完善法律体系，完善环境管理体制，扩大执法的权限，提高环境执法及应急能力等相应对策。     

国际环境法对我国环境保护的启示

介绍了国际环境法的内涵、基本原则和发展过程,报告了我国环境保护法律体系立法趋于逐渐完善但滞后性明显的现状,从立法和执法的角度分析了我国现阶段环境保护法存在执行不利的问题,建议以推进国际环境法的实施和完善为契机,制定明细的配套法规,强化执法力度;加强各行政机关间的交流与合作,统筹应对复杂的环保形势;发达地区扶持不发达地区发展环保事业,推进我国环保事业的进步。     

长三角区域环境联合执法机制完善研究

开展跨区域联合执法是解决长三角跨界环境问题的重要途径。长三角区域环境联合执法的实质在于打破传统属地管辖模式,在一定程度上实现行政管辖权的共享。目前,长三角区域在建立区域合作机构、开展环境合作活动、统一环境执法依据等方面已经进行了积极探索,但依然存在执法主体不规范、执法权限不充分、执法依据不统一等问题。长三角区域环境联合执法所采取的横向府际协同模式以及统一执法与联合执法相结合的模式具有一定优势,需要在此基础上加以改进。未来需要规范联合执法队伍的组建,通过区域合作和中央批准的方式建立联合执法队伍并对执法主体进行明确授权,充分发挥现有机构的监督协调作用,以及通过分区域、分行业、分时段的方式逐渐统一执法依据。     

Effective Regulations with Little Effect? The Antecedents of the Perceptions of Environmental Officials on Enforcement Effectiveness in China

Enforcement gaps are an especially vexing problem in China due to pervasive "pro-growth" local government priorities, the weak administrative capacity of environmental agencies themselves, and relatively weak levels of societal support for a cleaner environment. This study seeks to examine this problem from the perspective of the local enforcement officials by empirically examining the relationships between these and other influences on their perceptions of enforcement effectiveness. Using samples of enforcement officials from the fast-growing cities of Chengdu, Dalian, and Guangzhou, this study finds that many of the more commonly cited problems related to regulatory enforcement were not as influential in accounting for variations in perceptions of enforcement effectiveness than the current literature might suggest. Moreover, this study also finds that the pattern of influences varies greatly across jurisdictions, with only the officials' belief in the legitimacy of the governments' policies being significant in all three samples. Strong influences on perceptions of enforcement effectiveness in two of the three samples include the environmental values of enforcement officials, their perceptions of organizational capacity for enforcement, and their assessment of government support for environmental protection. Although government support was found to be a strong predictor of enforcement effectiveness in two of the three samples, the influence of societal support had a somewhat mixed and more complicated effect. In addition, this study suggests that further improvements in enforcement effectiveness may be possible by cultivating or selecting enforcement officials with strong environmental values and beliefs in the legitimacy of the government's environmental policy to take charge of enforcement. Because it is generally accepted that local environmental protection bureaus are generally upgrading their organizational capacity for improvement as the result of increasing central government support for environmental protection and institutional restructuring, and because environmental awareness in China is growing, this study suggests that some incremental progress is likely in China's efforts to close the enforcement gap. Unfortunately, such improvements are likely to be masked by the steep trajectory of economic growth, the narrow scope of regulatory control (i.e., with scant attention paid to nonindustrial sources), and the migration of industrial pollution to rural areas.     

关于构建企业环境守法引导机制框架的思考

当前我国经济发展步入新常态阶段,经济发展速度减慢,部分企业资金缩紧,难免出现逃避监管、偷排漏排等现象。在这种形势下,只有转变对企业的传统监管模式,从单纯的行政执法向行政执法与守法激励相结合模式转变,建立企业环境守法引导机制,才能更好、更快地促进企业自觉调整结构,创新技术,发展绿色产业,从而实现环境效益、经济效益和社会效益共赢。本研究基于环境规制、利益相关者以及企业社会责任等理论基础,提出构建企业环境守法引导机制的基本框架由行政监管、经济激励、企业自律和社会监督等四个方面构成,并分析目前我国企业环境守法引导机制建设存在不完善问题,建议从完善行政监管执法机制、健全经济激励政策、加强企业环保意识培养、完善社会监督机制等方面间接和直接引导企业环境守法。     

Old problems and new dilemmas: the conundrum of environmental management reform in China

ABSTRACT

Underpinning China’s severe and continuing environmental degradation is a stubborn gap between environmental regulation and regulatory enforcement at the local level. In the past, scholars have sought explanations for the causes of this implementation gap by interviewing frontline environmental officials. Due to the fact that the self-perception data used in most of those existing studies were gathered prior to 2012, the possible factors contributing to the compromised effectiveness of local environmental enforcement from 2012 onward remain largely unknown. This empirical weakness should not be overlooked, as the prevailing institutions governing China’s local environmental management practices have been experiencing many frame-breaking transformations since 2012. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with leaders of environmental law enforcement teams in all administrative districts of Guangzhou in 2017, this paper not only summarizes pervasive elements which negatively impact the current effectiveness of environmental regulatory efforts, but also provides qualitative evidence and theoretical accounts for three enforcement dilemmas stemming from reform measures taken by the central government.     

Environmental protection in Hong Kong amidst transition: Is Hong Kong ready to manage its environment by law?

Within the context of political democratization, this article explores environmental protection in Hong Kong since the government lauched a ten-year program to “save the environment” in 1989. Examining environmental management by law from a social-choice perspective, it argues that the government has yet to reach an integrative policy orocess. Hence the preconditions for an integrative set of environmental legislation are absent. Institutionally, without a comprehensive green policy, the current arrangements lack a vision as an integrative force to promote effective coordination among various sectoral environmental coordination among various sectoral environmental programs. The dominant approach of policy and law enforcement through consultation has rendered impossible strict enforcement of environmental rules and regulations as local economic growth enjoys a priority over environmental protection. At a time of environmental awakening, the people of Hong Kong are not yet prepared awakening, the people of Hong Kong are not yet prepared to participate in environmental management in a strict legal manner. The overall observation is that Hong Kong has yet to see more mature political, legal, administrative, and social conditions for managing its environment within a legal framework.     

河北省环境保护工作的新举措

河北省为加强环境保护工作成立了省环保工作领导小组,强化环保机构统一监督管理,发挥各部门在环境保护工作中的作用,坚决落实建设项目环境保护“第一审批权制度”,加强环保工作的督导,健全行政执法责任制,建立人大环保监督制约机制。这些做法很好,本文对此进行简要介绍。     

Environmental Systems and Local Actors: Decentralizing Environmental Policy in Uganda

In Uganda, environmental and natural resource management is decentralized and has been the responsibility of local districts since 1996. This environmental management arrangement was part of a broader decentralization process and was intended to increase local ownership and improve environmental policy; however, its implementation has encountered several major challenges over the last decade. This article reviews some of the key structural problems facing decentralized environmental policy in this central African country and examines these issues within the wider framework of political decentralization. Tensions have arisen between technical staff and politicians, between various levels of governance, and between environmental and other policy domains. This review offers a critical reflection on the perspectives and limitations of decentralized environmental governance in Uganda. Our conclusions focus on the need to balance administrative staff and local politicians, the mainstreaming of local environmental policy, and the role of international donors.