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某厂化学镀镍线产生的主要污染物为大气污染、水污染和固体废物污染。其中大气污染物主要为硫酸雾。水污染物为总镍、总铜、化学需氧量、悬浮物、总磷、氨氮等。固废废弃物均为危险废物,包括废包装材料、酸性废液、含镍废液。该文分析了化学镀镍线产生的废气、废水和固体废物的主要来源,并提出了防止污染的对策。 相似文献
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目前危险废物焚烧中产生的污染物主要通过尾气处理去除 ,本文认为尾气处理应与通过控制焚烧条件减少尾气中污染物的原始浓度相结合 ,以减少后续处理设备的投资。本文主要讨论了控制危险废物焚烧中主要污染物颗粒物、氯化氢、SOx、NOx、二的焚烧技术 相似文献
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油田废弃物中污染物数量众多,对环境危害较大,需要对其中的主要污染物进行识别,以便有重点的监管油田废弃物.采用化学品评分排序模式(SCRAM)对油田废弃物中的污染物进行筛选,针对SCRAM在应用过程中存在的问题,对SCRAM进行了修正:在总分计算时增加了检出率和检出浓度2个因子,并且使用几何级数法定义检出浓度的5级赋分标准.在确定油田废弃物中污染物的初选名单后,应用修正SCRAM对液态废弃物、固态废弃物中直接检测以及使用浸出毒性法检测的污染物进行排序.通过对比SCRAM修正前后污染物排名的变化,论证了模型修正的必要性.最终得出54种油田废弃物中的主要污染物. 相似文献
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本文简单介绍了有毒化学品风险评价和风险管理的基本过程和方法以及它们之间的关系,作为实例,对某市某主要河道的污染物进行了监测,分析和计算,确定了主要有害污染物。取得了数据为环境部门采取控制措施提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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机动车尾气污染物已成为影响城市大气环境质量的主要因素之一,预测未来机动车尾气污染物排放状况可以为城市机动车尾气污染防治提供有力的依据.依据成都市的经济发展趋势,设定了不同阶段的轻型车尾气污染物排放标准,并利用建立的尾气污染物排放趋势预测模型分析了该市轻型车尾气中颗粒物、NOx、总碳氢化合物、CO的排放量和变化趋势,并提出了相应的尾气污染物减排对策. 相似文献
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Manisankar P Vedhi C Viswanathan S Prabu HG 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2004,39(1):89-100
Redox behavior of three pollutants, namely endosulfan (EN), o-chlorophenol (OCP) and direct orange 8 (DO8) were investigated electrochemically using sodium montmorillonite clay modified glassy carbon electrode. Influence of pH, scan rate and concentration were studied on the voltammetric response. Suitable medium for the electrochemical studies of EN was pH 1.0 and for other two pollutants pH 13.0. EN exhibited one well-defined reduction peak accounting for irreversible 2e(-) transfer and leading to the removal of one chlorine atom. OCP underwent one electron oxidation to the formation of phenoxy radical resulting in an oxidation peak. DO8 showed two peaks for reductions and two peaks for oxidation as a result of the reduction of azo group and oxidation of phenoxide group. These electrochemical reactions of the three pollutants reveals the suitability of clay modified electrode for the electroanalysis. A differential pulse stripping voltammetric procedure for the determination of these pollutants was developed. The limits of determination for EN, OCP and DO8 are 5-300, 10-800 and 50-800 ppb, respectively. 相似文献
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Haapala H Goltsova N Seppälä R Huttunen S Kouki J Lamppu J Popovichev B 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1996,91(2):253-265
The effects of air pollutants on forests around the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland were studied by measurement of the sulphur and calcium content of pine needles and evaluation of the ecological conditions of pine forests. Several parameters for pine trees and their needles were chosen as well as the species composition and condition of epiphytic lichens. Very high pine needle S- and Ca-contents were measured in the vicinity of the Narva and Slantsy plants. In this region both the acid and basic pollutant load is massive, partly neutralizing each other. It is suggested that the total load will, sooner or later, cause unexpected environmental damage. Wide 'lichen desert' areas were detected around Narva and Slantsy. Near the margins of these areas extraordinary epiphytes on pines were observed namely Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th.Fr. and red-coloured green alga Trentepohlia umbrina. They are regarded as indicators of alkaline pollution. The lowest pine needle S- and Ca-contents of the study area were measured in south-eastern Finland. The condition of pine forests and their needles was, however, better on the neighbouring Karelian Isthmus although the species number of epiphytic lichens was very low and the condition of the lichens was poor. It is suggested that these most sensitive indicators of air pollutants are damaged by pollutants from St Petersburg and Narva. Vast virgin forests of the Karelian Isthmus act as pollutant sinks reducing the effect of pollutants on trees. On the Finnish side intensive forest management has been carried on for many decades making forests and trees more sensitive to pollutants. 相似文献
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Martel J 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1995,88(2):155-160
A transplant experiment using potted plants was performed over two years in a field located along a heavily used highway to test for the effects of seasonal variations in roadside conditions on the performance of a gall-forming insect, Eurosta solidaginis Fitch, and its perennial host plant, Solidago altissima L. The experiment was designed to separate temporally the two major classes of road pollutants (air pollutants versus de-icing salt). The population density and survivorship of E. solidaginis were not affected by road-stressed goldenrods. However, gall-forming larvae had a greater biomass when they were grown on plants exposed to road air pollutants, although these effects were tempered by a simultaneous exposure to de-icing salt. The shoot growth of S. altissima was severely affected by road stress during each growing season but after two years the biomass of roots and rhizomes combined did not differ between the treatments. This experiment showed that the effects of air pollutants and de-icing salt on a gall-forming insect via stressed host plants are less than additive. 相似文献
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Air toxics emission inventories play an important role in air quality regulatory activities. Recently, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) staff compiled a comprehensive air toxics emission inventory for 1996. While acquiring data on the mass of emissions is a necessary first step, equally important is developing information on the potential toxicity of the emitted pollutants. To account for the toxicity of the pollutants in the emission inventory, inhalation health benchmarks for acute effects, chronic effects, and cancer were used to weight the mass of emissions. The 1996 Minnesota emissions inventory results were ranked by mass of emissions and by an index comprised of emissions divided by health benchmarks. The results show that six of eight pollutants ranked highest by toxicity were also the pollutants of concern indicated in environmental monitoring data and modeling data. Monitoring data and modeling results did not show high impacts of the other two pollutants that were identified by the toxicity-based emission ranking method. The biggest limitation in this method is the lack of health benchmark values for many pollutants. Despite uncertainties and limited information, this analysis provides useful information for further targeting pollutants and source categories for control. 相似文献
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Impact of land use changes on water quality in headwaters of the Three Gorges Reservoir 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Huicai Yang Guoqiang Wang Lijing Wang Binghui Zheng 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(12):11448-11460
The assessment of spatial and temporal variation of water quality influenced by land use is necessary to manage the environment sustainably in basin scales. Understanding the correlations between land use and different formats of nonpoint source nutrients pollutants is a priority in order to assess pollutants loading and predicting the impact on surface water quality. Forest, upland, paddy field, and pasture are the dominant land use in the study area, and their land use pattern status has direct connection with nonpoint source (NPS) pollutant loading. In this study, two land use scenarios (1995 and 2010) were used to evaluate the impact of land use changes on NPS pollutants loading in basins upstream of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), using a calibrated and validated version of the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model. The Pengxi River is one of the largest tributaries of the Yangtze River upstream of the TGR, and the study area included the basins of the Dong and Puli Rivers, two major tributaries of the Pengxi River. The results indicated that the calibrated SWAT model could successfully reproduce the loading of NPS pollutants in the basins of the Dong and Puli Rivers. During the 16-year study period, the land use changed markedly with obvious increase of water body and construction. Average distance was used to measure relative distribution patterns of land use types to basin outlets. Forest was mainly distributed in upstream areas whereas other land use types, in particular, water bodies and construction areas were mainly distributed in downstream areas. The precipitation showed a non-significant influence on NPS pollutants loading; to the contrary, interaction between precipitation and land use were significant sources of variation. The different types of land use change were sensitive to NPS pollutants as well as land use pattern. The influence of background value of soil nutrient on NPS pollutants loading was evaluated in upland and paddy field. It was found that total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) in upland were more sensitive to NPS pollutants loading than in paddy fields. The results of this study have implications for management of the TGR to reduce the loading of NPS pollutants into downstream water bodies. 相似文献
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Liu CM Chen JW Tsai JH Lin WS Yen MT Chen TH 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2012,62(1):92-102
This study determines whether environment-protecting pervious pavement can dilute pollutants immediately after emissions from vehicle. The turbulence-driven dry-deposition process is too slow to be considered in this aspect. The pavement used is the JW pavement (according to its inventors name), a high-load-bearing water-permeable pavement with patents in over 100 countries, which has already been used for more than 8 years in Taiwan and is well suited to replacing conventional road pavement, making the potential implementation of the study results feasible. The design of this study included two sets of experiments. Variation of the air pollutant concentrations within a fenced area over the JW pavement with one vehicle discharging emissions into was monitored and compared with results over a non-JW pavement. The ambient wind speed was low during the first experiment, and the results obtained were highly credible. It was found that the JW pavement diluted vehicle pollutant emissions near the ground surface by 40%-87% within 5 min of emission; whereas the data at 2 m height suggested that about 58%-97% of pollutants were trapped underneath the pavement 20 min after emission. Those quantitative estimations may be off by +/- 10%, if errors in emissions and measurements were considered. SO2 and CO2 underwent the most significant reduction. Very likely, pollutants were forced to move underneath due to the special design of the pavement. During the second experiment, ambient wind speeds were high and the results obtained had less credibility, but they did not disprove the pollutant dilution capacity of the JW pavement. In order to track the fate of pollutants, parts of the pavement were removed to reveal a micro version of wetland underneath, which could possibly hold the responsibility of absorbing and decomposing pollutants to forms harmless to the environment and human health. 相似文献
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Vrana B Mills GA Kotterman M Leonards P Booij K Greenwood R 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,145(3):895-904
Passive sampling of dissolved pollutants in water has been gaining acceptance for environmental monitoring. Previously, an integrative passive sampler consisting of a C18 Empore disk receiving phase saturated with n-octanol and fitted with low density polyethylene membrane, was developed and calibrated for the measurement of time weighted average (TWA) concentrations of hydrophobic pollutants in water. In this study, the exchange kinetics were modelled to obtain a better understanding of the mechanism of the accumulation process and to enable the measurement of TWA concentrations of hydrophobic pollutants in the field. An empirical relationship that enables the calculation of in situ sampling rates of chemicals using performance reference compounds was derived and its application was demonstrated in a field study in which TWA aqueous concentrations estimated from sampler data for target analytes were compared with TWA concentrations obtained from spot samples of water collected regularly during the sampler deployment period. 相似文献
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西北地区土壤中石油类污染物的垂直渗透规律 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
针对西北地区独特的地理环境,讨论了西北地区油田开发过程中产生的石油类污染物在土壤中的迁移渗透规律及防治措施。由于土壤的吸附作用,石油类污染物主要积聚在土壤表层80cm以内,对表层土壤影响较大。可以采用修建收油池、防渗填埋的处理方法,减少其污染范围。 相似文献
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芦苇湿地对造纸废水中有机污染物的去除效果及机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了对芦苇湿地对造纸废水中有机污染物的去除效果及降解机理进行研究,本文采用GC-MS联用仪对经芦苇湿地处理前后造纸废水中有机污染物的组成和含量进行测定,并通过叠放色谱图的方法对造纸废水中有机污染物的降解效果进行分析。结果表明:(1)经芦苇湿地处理前造纸废水中共测出30种有机污染物,其中8种被列入美国EPA环境优先控制污染物黑名单。(2)纸浆造纸废水生物塘-芦苇湿地复合处理系统对有毒有机污染物基本上达到了较好的去除效果:有机污染物总量减少80%以上,且降解后的产物多为毒性较小的烷烃类。(3)利用质谱手段对有机污染物的降解规律进行了初步研究。该研究为造纸废水处理和资源化利用提供了科学依据,为"造纸废水-芦苇-造纸"生态纸业循环经济模式的进一步推广应用奠定了基础。 相似文献