红串红球菌TJQ对不同形式硫的脱除研究

红串红球菌TJQ是本实验室筛选的一株专一性脱硫菌,高效液相色谱法（HPLC）分析表明．该菌能选择性地脱除二苯并噻吩（DBT）中的硫,最终代谢产物是2-羟基联苯（2-HBP）。实验结果表明,该菌既可以利用有机硫源又可以利用廉价的无机硫源作为生长硫源,以硫酸钠作为硫源培养的菌株可专一性脱除苯并噻吩（BT）和DBT及其甲基衍生物4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩（4,6-DMDBT）中的硫。除此之外,它还可以脱除苯硫醚（PS）和硫醇类含硫化合物中的硫。在正十六烷模拟体系中菌株对噻吩（TH）、4,6-DMDBT、DBT等类型的硫的降解效率很高,对BT和PS类硫的降解效率也较好。它可以使实际柴油中总硫含量由554mg／L降到267mg／L,降解率达到51．8%。     

利用休止细胞法选择性脱除燃料油中有机硫

红球菌(Rhodococcus sp .)FS-1菌株能通过专一性断裂C—S键的途径脱除二苯并噻吩 (DBT)中的有机硫作为自身生长需要的硫源 ,从而降低油品中的硫含量 .本文利用该菌的休止细胞对DBT和柴油的脱硫活力进行了研究 .结果表明 ,该菌株对DBT及柴油中的有机硫均有良好的选择性脱除作用 .DBT浓度为0.5～1.0mmol/L、油水比例为 1:5时 ,脱硫效果最佳 .采用二次脱硫法可使柴油脱硫率达85%以上 ,证明FS-1能有效脱除柴油中的有机硫 .烃质组分的气相色谱分析表明 ,FS-1作用前后的柴油烃类组分基本没有改变 ,说明该菌的脱硫作用是特异性针对硫原子的 ,不会破坏柴油的有效成分 .     

二苯并噻吩降解菌筛选及16S rDNA序列分析

以DBT(dibenzothiophene,二苯并噻吩)为模型化合物,分离得到了一株能降解DBT的微生物HB2,应用HPLC对其脱硫特性进行了检测。应用PCR技术克隆到16SrDNA片段,核苷酸序列分析结果表明,该菌的16SrDNA全序列与假单胞菌存在98%的同源性,初步确定该菌在微生物系统发育学上的地位。     

聚乙烯醇包埋石油脱硫菌UP-2的研究

以筛选出的具有脱硫能力的施氏假单胞菌UP-2为固定化研究对象,二苯并噻吩(DBT)为生物催化脱硫模型化合物,考察了脱硫菌UP-2的固定化操作条件和固定化细胞使用条件.结果表明,当包埋剂聚乙烯醇(PVA)浓度为10%、添加剂海藻酸钠(SA)浓度为0.2%、液菌比为201时,在4℃、含有1%CaCl2的饱和硼酸中交联24h后,可以得到脱硫性能很好的固定化细胞小球;在30℃、pH值为7.0的体系中反应6d,可将浓度为576mg/L的DBT降解70%左右,固定化细胞降解DBT的比活性由未固定化细胞的0.49mmol/gdw增加到6.39mmol/gdw,使用寿命高达800h以上.     

Effects of nicotinamide and riboflavin on the biodesulfurization activity of dibenzothiophene by Rhodococcus erythropolis USTB-03

Rhodococcus erythropolis USTB-03 is a promising bacterial strain for the biodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) via a sulfurspecific pathway in which DBT is converted to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2HBP) as an end product. The effects of nicotinamide and riboflavin on the sulfur specific activity (SA) of DBT biodesulfurization by R. erythropolis USTB-03 were investigated. Both nicotinamide and riboflavin were found to enhance the expression of SA, which was not previously reported. When R. erythropolis USTB-03 was grown on a medium containing nicotinamide of 10. 0 mmol or riboflavin of 50. 0 μnol, SA was raised from 68. 0 or so to more than 130 mmol 2HBP/(kg dry cells. h). When R. erythropolis USTB-03 was grown in the presence of both nicotinamide of 5. 0 mmol and riboflavin of 25. 0 μmol, SA was further increased to 159. 0 mmol 2HBP/(kg dry cells. h). It is suggested that the biological synthesis of reduced form of flavin mononucleotide (FMNH2), an essential coenzyme for the activities of biodesulfurization enzyme Dsz C and A, might be enhanced by nicotinamide and riboflavin, which was responsible for the increased SA of R. erythropolis USTB-03.     

基于Cx-DBT的微生物脱硫研究进展

烷基取代二苯并噻吩Cx-DBT作为微生物脱除煤中有机硫研究的模型化合物在理论和研究实践中可以获得足够的支持，而传统的脱硫研究仅仅是围绕单一模型化合物DBT展开的。对已经用于研究工作的模型化合物和基于Cx-DBT的微生物脱硫研究进展进行了论述，分析了取代基、分子形态和温度等参数对于微生物脱除Cx—DBT结构中有机硫活性的影响，介绍了不对称取代Cx-DBT脱硫时的第一个C—S键断裂的优先模式和微生物脱硫酶系统的不同识别特征。     

苯并噻吩与二苯并噻吩脱硫酶功能相关性研究

苯并噻吩（BT）专一性降解菌株Gordonia sp. C-6的脱硫途径类似于二苯并噻吩（DBT）的“4S”脱硫途径,能以BT为唯一硫源生长,但不能以DBT为唯一硫源生长.目前,还没有BT专一性脱硫基因的相关报道.本研究将Rhodocossus erythropolis DS-3中DBT脱硫途径的相关基因dszA、dszB、dszC和dszABC分别转入Gordonia sp. C-6中构建工程菌株Gordonia sp. CRA、Gordonia sp. CRB、Gordonia sp. CRC和Gordonia sp. CRABC;其DBT相关脱硫酶活性(以DCW计)分别为76.8 μmol·(g·h)^-1、 51.6 μmol·(g·h)^-1和62.4 μmol·(g·h)^-1,比原始菌株Rhodocossus erythropolis DS-3的35.2 μmol·(g·h)^-1、 21.3 μmol·(g·h)^-1和25.5 μmol·(g·h)^-1提高了1.5倍左右.其中Gordonia sp. CRA和Gordonia sp. CRB在以DBT为唯一硫源的培养基中几乎不生长,无法降解DBT;而Gordonia sp. CRC同表达完整DBT脱硫酶的Gordonia sp. CRABC一样,在以DBT为唯一硫源的培养基中生长良好,亦能降解大部分DBT（84％）.这表明催化BT和DBT前两步脱硫反应的BT单加氧酶和DBT单加氧酶是负责底物识别的关键酶,催化BT和DBT后两步脱硫反应的酶功能相似,通过比较这2种单加氧酶的氨基酸序列差异,即可预测其作用的活性位点.     

Fe+3(EDTA)还原菌的分离及其性能

从还原NO络合吸收液的混合微生物中分离得到一株克雷伯氏菌(FR-1).考察了氮源量、碳源及其添加量、菌体接种量、pH值和温度对该菌种生长和对Fe 3(EDTA)还原特性的影响.结果表明,菌种FR-1生长适宜的氮源量为100mg/L;以葡萄糖为碳源对微生物生长和Fe 3(EDTA)还原均有利,其添加量为800mg/L时还原效果最好;在接种量为100mg/L时,菌种FR-1生长最好,对Fe 3(EDTA)还原效率随菌体接种量的增加而增大;菌种FR-1生长和对Fe 3(EDTA)还原的最佳温度为40℃;在考察的初始pH值(5.0~8.5)范围内,细菌生长随pH值升高而下降,而对Fe 3(EDTA)的还原随pH值升高而增加.     

油茶果壳活性炭对模拟燃油中二苯并噻吩的吸附

研究了油茶果壳活性炭对模拟燃油中二苯并噻吩(DBT)的吸附特性。该活性炭对DBT吸附可在1 h达到平衡,吸附动力学行为更符合拟一级动力学模型(R~2=0.9572)。吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型(R~2≥0.9764),室温下最大吸附量为92.76 mg/g。实验条件下苯、甲苯、二甲苯含量在10%时,可使DBT的吸附量从84.58 mg/g分别降至46.53,29.44,23.93 mg/g。该吸附剂吸附DBT具有较好再生性,吸附饱和后材料经甲苯解吸再生5次后,吸附量约降低18%,有望应用于燃油的脱硫处理。     

苯并噻吩脱硫菌株的筛选及脱硫活性研究

从孤岛油田油浸土样中筛选到1株能降解苯并噻吩(BT)的脱硫菌,经初步鉴定该菌为戈登氏菌属(Gordona sp.).实验证明:该菌能以类似于4S途径脱除BT及其衍生物中的硫,但是不能脱除二苯并噻吩(DBT)及其衍生物中的硫.GC-MS分析表明该途径的终产物为邻羟基苯乙醛或其异构体苯并呋喃.在以BT为唯一硫源的培养基中30℃培养48h,Gordona sp.C-6能降解0.15mmol/L的BT,终产物占发酵培养基中BT加入量的50%,其余BT在有氧培养过程中挥发.通过Matlab拟合曲线确定以邻羟基苯乙酸为标准品进行产物定量检测的方法.     

Desulfurization of dibenzothiophene（DBT） by a novel strain Lysinibacillus sphaericus DMT-7 isolated from diesel contaminated soil

A new bacterial strain DMT-7 capable of selectively desulfurizing dibenzothiophene (DBT) was isolated from diesel contaminated soil. The DMT-7 was characterized and identified as Lysinibacillus sphaericus DMT-7 (NCBI GenBank Accession No. GQ496620) using 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. The desulfurized product of DBT, 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2HBP), was identified and confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis respectively. The desulfurization kinetics revealed that DMT-7 started desulfurization of DBT into 2HBP after the lag phase of 24 hr, exponentially increasing the accumulation of 2HBP up to 15 days leading to approximately 60% desulfurization of the DBT. However, further growth resulted into DBT degradation. The induced culture of DMT-7 showed shorter lag phase of 6 hr and early onset of stationary phase within 10 days for desulfurization as compared to that of non-induced culture clearly indicating the inducibility of the desulfurization pathway of DMT-7. In addition, Lysinibacillus sphaericus DMT-7 also possess the ability to utilize broad range of substrates as sole source of sulfur such as benzothiophene, 3,4-benzo DBT, 4,6-dimethyl DBT, and 4,6-dibutyl DBT. Therefore, Lysinibacillus sphaericus DMT-7 could serve as model system for efficient biodesulfurization of diesel and petrol.     

Desulfurization of dibenzothiophene by a newly isolated Corynebacterium sp. ZD-1 in aqueous phase

IntroductionEmissionofsulfur oxidestotheatmospherethroughcombustionoffossilfuelisamainreasonthatcausesseriousenvironmentalproblemsuchasacidrain.Asthecrisisofenergysourcebecomeworse ,mineoffossilfuelwithhighsulfurcontentsisinevitable.Butthedemandofmiddle d…     

Biodegradation of methyl parathion by Acinetobacter radioresistens USTB-04

Biodegradation of methyl parathion (MP),a widely used organophosphorus pesticide,was investigated using a newly isolated bacterium strain Acinetobacter radioresistens USTB-04.MP at an initial concentration of 1200 mg/L could be totally biodegraded by A.radioresistens USTB-04 as the sole carbon source less than 4 d in the presence of phosphate and urea as phosphorus and nitrogen sources,respectively.Biodegradation of MP was also achieved using cell-free extract of A.radioresistens USTB-04.MP at an initial concentration of 130 mg/L was completely biodegraded in 2 h in the presence of cell-free extract with a protein concentration of 148.0 mg/L,which was increased with the increase of pH from 5.0 to 8.0.Contrary to published reports,no intermediate or final degradation metabolites of MP could be observed.Thus we suggest that the cleavage of C--C bond on the benzene ring other than P-O bond may be the biodegradation pathway of MP by A.radioresistens USTB-04.     

Microcystin-LR biodegradation by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05

A promising bacterial strain for biodegrading microcystin-LR (MC-LR) as the sole carbon and nitrogen source was successfully isolated from Lake Dianchi, China. The strain was identified as Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05, which was the first isolated MCs-biodegrading Sphingopyxis sp. in China. The average biodegradation rate of MC-LR by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 was 28.8 mg·L⁻¹ per day, which was apparently higher than those of other bacteria reported so far. The optimal temperature and pH for both strain USTB-05 growth and MC-LR biodegradation were 30°C and 7.0, respectively. The release of MC-LR from the cyanobacterial cells collected from Lake Guishui and the biodegradation of MC-LR by both strain and cell-free extract (CE) were investigated. The results indicated that MC-LR with the initial concentration of 4.0 mg·L⁻¹ in water was biodegraded by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 within 4 d, while MC-LR with the initial concentration of 28.8 mg·L⁻¹ could be completely removed in 3 h by CE of Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 containing 350 mg·L⁻¹ protein. During enzymatic biodegradation of MC-LR, two intermediate metabolites and a dead-end product were observed on an HPLC chromatogram. Moreover, the similar scanning profiles of MC-LR and its metabolic products indicate that the Adda side-chain of MC-LR was kept intact in all products.     

Carbon dioxide fixation by Chlorella sp. USTB-01 with a fermentor-helical combined photobioreactor

A promising microalgal strain isolated from fresh water, which can grow both autotrophically on inorganic carbon under lighting and heterotrophically on organic carbon without lighting, was identified as Chlorella sp. USTB-01 with the phylogenetic analysis based on 18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequences. In the heterotrophic batch culture, more than 20.0 g·L⁻¹ of cell dry weight concentration (DWC) of Chlorella sp. USTB-01 was obtained at day 5, and which was used directly to seed the autotrophic culture. A novel fermentor-helical combined photobioreactor was established and used to cultivate Chlorella sp. USTB-01 for the fixation of carbon dioxide (CO₂). It showed that the autotrophic growth of Chlorella sp. USTB-01 in the combined photobioreactor was more effective than that in the fermentor alone and the maximum DWC of 2.5 g·L⁻¹ was obtained at day 6. The highest CO₂ fixation of 95% appeared on day 1 in the exponential growth phases of Chlorella sp. USTB-01 and 49.8% protein was found in the harvested microalgal cells.     

Cloning and expression of the first gene for biodegrading microcystin LR by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a growing environmental problem worldwide in natural waters, the biodegradation is found to be the most efficient method for removing microcystins (MCs) produced by harmful cyanobacteria. Based on the isolation of a promising bacterial strain of Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 for biodegrading MCs, we for the first time cloned and expressed a gene USTB-05-A (HM245411) that is responsible for the first step in the biodegradation of microcystin LR (MC-LR) in E. coli DH5αup, with a cloning vector of pGEM-T easy and an expression vector of pGEX-4T-1, respectively. The cell-free extracts (CE) of recombinant E. coli DH5αup containing USTB-05-A had high activity for biodegrading MC-LR. The initial MC-LR concentration of 40 mg/L was completely biodegraded within 1 hr in the presence of CE with a protein concentration of 0.35 mg/mL. Based on an analysis of the liquid chromatogram-mass spectrum (LC-MS), the enzyme encoded by gene USTB-05-A was found to be active in cleaving the target peptide bond between 3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6, 8-trimethyl-10-phenyl-deca-4,6-dienoic acid (Adda) and arginine of MC-LR, and converting cyclic MC-LR to linear MC-LR as a first product that is much less toxic than parent MC-LR, which offered direct evidence for the first step on the pathway of MC-LR biodegradation by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05.     

一株DDT降解菌的筛选及其降解特性

以DDT为目标污染物,通过筛选获得了一株效果稳定的DDT降解菌,并对其进行形态学观察,生理生化特性及16S rRNA测序鉴定.经鉴定,该菌株属于甲基菌属（Methylovorus）,命名为Methylovorus sp. XLL03.菌株在pH值为7,温度30℃,外加碳源浓度0.5%,初始DDT浓度20mg/L时生长量最大.在pH值为6,温度30℃下,外加碳源（葡萄糖）浓度0.1%,初始DDT浓度20mg/L时对DDT的降解率最大.在优化条件下,4d后菌株XLL03对DDT最高降解率可达50.4%.利用GC-MS对DDT的降解中间产物进行定性分析,初步推断在菌株XLL03中,DDT最初分别通过脱氯和脱氯化氢生成DDD和DDE,随后DDD和DDE进一步脱氯得到DDMU,最终DDMU开环后又经过一系列反应被彻底矿化.在DDT的代谢过程中,未发现代谢中间产物的积累,表明菌株XLL03在修复受DDT污染的水或土壤中具有一定的应用前景.