雾化生物反应器培养青蒿毛状根生产青蒿素

利用超声雾化生物反应器进行青蒿毛状根多层培养生产青蒿素．对超声雾化生物反应器中营养雾流动状况及毛状根生长过程的形态特征进行观察，并在合适的工艺条件下，经20d分批培养获得生物量10．3g／L，青蒿素产量179．1mg／L．     

发根农杆菌T—DNA基因对3种葛属植物毛状根形态和葛根素含量的影响

野葛、山葛和三裂叶葛的离体叶片与发展根农杆菌R1601直接感染诱导出毛状根并能够合成葛根素，毛状根离体培养后均出现两种形态：一种是有较高的葛根素含量的典型毛状根，另一种是葛根素含量低但生长速度较快的愈伤组织化毛状根，两类毛状根均有rol/B基因存在，表明rolB基因对所有毛状根的诱导和生长是必需的，aux1存在于所有愈伤组织化毛状根，而在典型毛状根中的检出率为20％－50％，表明aux1基因有诱导毛状根产生愈作组织的作用，含有ags基因的毛状根葛根素含量低于不含ags基因的毛状葛根素含量，表明ags基因不利于次生代谢合成，表3参12     

蔓茎堇菜细胞悬浮培养的研究

对蔓茎堇菜细胞悬浮培养的条件进行了选择，并测定悬浮培养的生长动态。结果表明：蔓茎堇菜细胞悬浮培养的最适接种量为２．０～３．５ｇ（５０ｍＬ）；最适培养基为ＭＳ＋２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ２，４－Ｄ＋１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ ＺＴ＋３００ｍｇ／Ｌ ＬＨ＋２００ｇ／Ｌ蔗糖（或葡萄糖），ｐＨ５．８；细胞悬浮培养一个周期过程中细胞数目增长的动态基本上是一条Ｓ型曲线，对数生长期明显；细胞鲜重（ｍＦＷ）和细胞干重（ｍＤＷ）则与细胞     

炼油废水中乳化态石油的生物处理可行性研究

对炼油废水中乳化态石油进行了生物除油研究．分离筛选了一组降解石油的微生物,并培养形成性能良好的活性污泥菌剂,在２ Ｌ的好氧反应器中用６ ～１０ ｈ 时间把废水中１４０ ｍｇ Ｌ－ １ 的乳化态石油降解到３０ ｍｇ Ｌ－ １ 以下,同时去除６０ ％ 左右 Ｃ Ｏ Ｄ;整个处理过程不产渣、不排泥,处理效果良好．本研究为生物除油代替絮凝浮选除油提供了实用方法和科学依据     

膜生物反应器高度净化有机物的特性

分别采用膜生物反应器(MBR)和普通生物反应器(CSTR)对苯胺废水进行处理，结果表明MBR处理效果优于CSTR，处理水苯胺浓度接近动力学极限浓度。测定了两种反应器中微生物的最大比基质利用速率qmax分别为2．084d^-1和1．650d^-1，亲和常数Ks值分别为0．237mg／L和0．309mg／L。间歇试验证明MBR能富集培养基质亲和性高的专一性微生物。这类微生物降解速率不随基质浓度而变化，且能更彻底地降解有机物，适用于微量有机物的高度净化。     

辣根过氧化物酶在体外条件下对青蒿素生物合成的影响

通过细胞提取液，在体外条件下研究了辣根过氧化物酶对青蒿素生物合成的影响．细胞提取液以磷酸与Tris两种缓冲液制备．结果表明，辣根过氧化物酶在以磷酸缓冲液制备的细胞提取液中，很大地促进了青蒿素的生物合成，青蒿素的含量提高约1倍左右，而外加青蒿酸对青蒿素的生物合成并无显著的影响．以Tris缓冲液制备细胞提取液，外加过氧化物酶并不能促进青蒿素的生物合成．图4参12     

在添加醋酸钾的营养富集培养基中培养杂交瘤细胞

营养富集、添加醋酸钾和灌注培养都是改善杂交瘤细胞培养的策略，在Ｃｐ９Ｂ细胞的静止分批培养中，添加氨基酸和维生素延长了培养时间，但对最大细胞密度影响不大，在反应器分批培养中，营养物明显促进细胞增殖，最大细胞密度比原来提高３．５倍，利用添加１ｇ／Ｌ醋酸钾的反应器灌注２实验说明，从普通培养基转到营养富集培养基，反应器中的平均细胞密度，抗体浓度和抗体滴度得到了进一步的提高，在培养上清中，乳酸、氨和丙氨酸大     

厌氧消化过程中Fe,Co,Ni对NH4^＋—N的拮抗作用

论文以血清瓶为间歇反应器，以醋酸钙为基质，研究了厌氧消化过程中甲烷菌所需要的微量金属营养元素Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、ＮＩ（１．０ｍｇ／（Ｌ．ｄ），０．１ｍｇ／（Ｌ．ｄ），０．２ｍｇ／（Ｌ．ｄ）对毒性物质ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ的拮抗作用，研究结果表明，Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ对毒性物质ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ有明显的拮抗作用，而且ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ浓度越高，Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ对其毒性的拮抗作用越明显。     

新型生物脱氮技术的工艺研究

以上流式厌氧污泥床反应器（ Ｕ Ａ Ｓ Ｂ） 作为厌氧氨氧化（ａｎａｍ ｍｏｘ） 反应器,用无机盐培养液完成了反应器的启动,并稳态运行ａｎａｍ ｍｏｘ 反应器．采用生物膜反应器作为生物硝化反应器,以无机盐培养液完成反应器的启动．将硝化反应器和ａｎａｍｍｏｘ 反应器组合在一起构成新型生物脱氮系统,以硝化反应器的出水作为ａｎａｍｍｏｘ反应器的进水,同时补充相应数量的 Ｎ Ｈ４ ＋ Ｎ．整个系统的总氮容积去除率可达１ ５７７ ｍｇ Ｌ－ １ ｄ － １ ．该新型生物脱氮系统能同时去除 Ｎ Ｈ４ ＋ Ｎ 和 Ｎ Ｏ Ｘ－ Ｎ,并且对高浓度的 Ｎ Ｈ４ ＋ Ｎ 去除具有较大的潜力．     

青蒿毛状根分支生长的动力学模型

近年来，用m质粒转化药用植物诱导毛状根生产有用代谢产物的研究日益增多，转化产生的毛状根不仅生长迅速，分支多，而且遗传性和生理、生化特性稳定，具有较强的次生代谢合成能力，因此可望应用于大规模生产有用的次级代谢产物［‘－’］．青蒿毛状根可产生大量的次生代谢产物     

青蒿无性系中青蒿素生物合成的相关因素

通过诱导丛生芽的方法得到青蒿高产无性克隆系S1,并用S1进行了青蒿素生物合成相关因素的研究 .发现在Hoagland培养液中添加 0 .4 4mg/L浓度的ZnSO4或者 5 .72mg/L的HBO3 时 ,能有效提高青蒿素的含量 .研究表明 ,青蒿素含量和青蒿各株系间的遗传差异存在很大关系 ,RAPD分析的结果表明 ,用OPA15能够在青蒿高产株系中扩增到OPA15 10 0 0 这一特异性片段 .另外 ,对青蒿素含量和青蒿生殖生长关系的研究表明 ,青蒿素含量最高的发育时期是现蕾期 .图 7表 1参 19     

Effects of hydraulic retention time on net present value and performance in a membrane bioreactor treating antibiotic production wastewater

• The membrane bioreactor cost decreased by 38.2% by decreasing HRT from 72 h to 36 h. • Capital and operation costs contributed 62.1% and 37.9% to decreased costs. • The membrane bioreactor is 32.6% cheaper than the oxidation ditch for treatment. • The effluent COD also improved from 709.93±62.75 mg/L to 280±17.32 mg/L. • Further treatment also benefited from lower pretreatment investment. A cost sensitivity analysis was performed for an industrial membrane bioreactor to quantify the effects of hydraulic retention times and related operational parameters on cost. Different hydraulic retention times (72–24 h) were subjected to a flat-sheet membrane bioreactor updated from an existing 72 h oxidation ditch treating antibiotic production wastewater. Field experimental data from the membrane bioreactor, both full-scale (500 m³/d) and pilot (1.0 m³/d), were used to calculate the net present value (NPV), incorporating both capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operating expenditure. The results showed that the tank cost was estimated above membrane cost in the membrane bioreactor. The decreased hydraulic retention time from 72 to 36 h reduced the NPV by 38.2%, where capital expenditure contributed 24.2% more than operational expenditure. Tank construction cost was decisive in determining the net present value contributed 62.1% to the capital expenditure. The membrane bioreactor has the advantage of a longer lifespan flat-sheet membrane, while flux decline was tolerable. The antibiotics decreased to 1.87±0.33 mg/L in the MBR effluent. The upgrade to the membrane bioreactor also benefited further treatments by 10.1%–44.7% lower direct investment.     

Nutrient consumption and production of isoflavones in bioreactor cultures of Pueraria lobata (Willd)

This paper reports the successful culture of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) suspension cells in a bioreactor. In vitro culture of this Chinese herb has potential as an alternative production method for industrial applications. Calli of P. lobata obtained from leaf explants were cultured in a 5.0 L bioreactor for two weeks. During this period, the pH of the medium declined from 5.8 to 4.5. By the end of the run about 70% of the sugars and reducing sugars and about 50% of nitrate was consumed. Almost 70% of inorganic phosphate and about 80% of the iron was exhausted. The bioreactor results indicated an isoflavone yield of 328.9 microg/ml, with an increase of about 1.77 fold. The yield of puerarin increased about 2.42 fold and reached 73.4 microg/ml in the bioreactor culture.     

PICRUSt2 functionally predicts organic compounds degradation and sulfate reduction pathways in an acidogenic bioreactor

• Over 70% reduction of sulfate was achieved for sulfate less than 12000 mg/L. • The decrease of genes encoding (EC: 1.3.8.1) induced the accumulation of VFAs. • The sulfate reduction genes were primary carried by genus Desulfovibrio. • Sulfate favored assimilatory, but inhibited dissimilatory sulfate reduction process. For comprehensive insights into the influences of sulfate on performance, microbial community and metabolic pathways in the acidification phase of a two-phase anaerobic system, a laboratory-scale acidogenic bioreactor was continuously operated to treat wastewater with elevated sulfate concentrations from 2000 to 14000 mg/L. The results showed that the acidogenic bioreactor could achieve sulfate reduction efficiency of greater than 70% for influent sulfate content less than 12000 mg/L. Increased sulfate induced the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), especially propionate and butyrate, which was the primary negative effects to system performance under the high-sulfate environment. High-throughput sequencing coupled with PICRUSt2 uncovered that the accumulation of VFAs was triggered by the decreasing of genes encoding short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC: 1.3.8.1), regulating the transformation of propanoyl-CoA to propenoyl-CoA and butanoyl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA of propionate and butyrate oxidation pathways, which made these two process hardly proceed. Besides, genes encoding (EC: 1.3.8.1) were mainly carried by order Clostridiales. Desulfovibrio was the most abundant sulfate-reducing bacteria and identified as the primary host of dissimilatory sulfate reduction functional genes. Functional analysis indicated the dissimilatory sulfate reduction process predominated under a low sulfate environment, but was not favored under the circumstance of high-sulfate. With the increase of sulfate, the assimilatory sulfate reduction process finally overwhelmed dissimilatory as the dominant sulfate reduction pathway in acidogenic bioreactor.     

改进型膜生物反应器处理洗浴污水的试验研究

在大量试验研究的基础上提出了一种改进型膜生物反应器 (MBR) ,并对其处理洗浴污水的效果进行了试验 ,结果表明 :利用改进型MBR处理洗浴污水出水水质良好 ,COD <40mg/L ,LAS <0 .2mg/L ,符合国家建设部颁布的生活杂用水回用水质标准。     

三相鼓泡塔生物反应器培养黄孢原毛平革菌合成木素过氧化物酶系

利用三相鼓泡塔反应器固定化培养黄孢原毛平革菌，可以高效地合成木素过氧化物酶系，固定化载体为聚氨酯泡沫塑料．实验表明，合成木素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶的最佳通气量均是1．0vvm。在此通气量下，最大木素过氧化物酶的酶活达367U/L，最大锰过氧化物酶的酶活达4．72U／mL。在使用相同的培养基和固定化载体单位体积用量条件下，与摇瓶培养相比，酶活分别增大1倍和1．2倍．一定条件下，在三相鼓泡塔中可以进行重复间歇培养生产木素过氧化物酶，连续进行了5批培养，每批最大木素过氧化物酶的活力均在250U／L以上，最高酶活出现在第二批为480U／L，总培养时间达22d．图9参15     

中药青蒿的生理生化特征及其研究进展

中药青蒿即黄花蒿 (ＡｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａａｎｎｕａＬ .) ,与分类学上的青蒿 (Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａａｐｉａｃｅａ)同属菊科 (ＡｓｔｅｒａｃｅａｅｏｒＣｏｍｐｏｓｉｔａｅ)蒿属(Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａ) ,两者均为一年生草本植物且形态上非常相似 ,最明显的区别是黄花蒿的叶片为三回羽状全裂 ,而青蒿为二回羽状全裂 .青蒿广泛分布于全国各地 ,多生于海拔 40 0ｍ以下的丘陵平地[1] .现在这种植物广泛分布于世界各地[2 ] .青蒿在许多地区被用于编制花环 ,提取香料 ,更重要的是从青蒿中分离出的青蒿素是所有抗疟药中起效最快、疗效最好、毒性最低…