膜生物反应器处理高氨氮废水

试验采用MBR处理高氨氮废水,重点分析了氨氮、有机物的去除以及膜比通量变化等。结果表明,工艺运行稳定,出水氨氮平均浓度低于3mg/L,MBR能够抵抗有机物冲击负荷,氨氮容积负荷可以达到1.11kgNH3-N/(m3·d)。在整个运行期间膜比通量下降比较缓慢,分析认为是高曝气量、低碳氮比以及自养菌的优势生长起了主要作用。     

膜生物反应器高度净化有机物的特性

分别采用膜生物反应器(MBR)和普通生物反应器(CSTR)对苯胺废水进行处理，结果表明MBR处理效果优于CSTR，处理水苯胺浓度接近动力学极限浓度。测定了两种反应器中微生物的最大比基质利用速率qmax分别为2．084d^-1和1．650d^-1，亲和常数Ks值分别为0．237mg／L和0．309mg／L。间歇试验证明MBR能富集培养基质亲和性高的专一性微生物。这类微生物降解速率不随基质浓度而变化，且能更彻底地降解有机物，适用于微量有机物的高度净化。     

城市污水深度处理工艺的设计与运行

在水资源日趋紧张的今天,污水的深度处理回用工艺成了人们探讨的热点。结合郑州市五龙口污水处理厂的设计与运行,介绍了以改良氧化沟为主体的污水深度处理回用工艺,并对工艺除磷脱氮及污水深度处理的原理、设计参数、运行情况及运行条件的控制进行了介绍。运行结果表明该工艺既具有较高的COD、SS去除效率,又解决了传统氧化沟在脱氮除磷时存在相互影响的矛盾问题,在进水COD为326mg/L、SS为301mg/L、NH_4~+-N为45．1mg/L、TP为4．1mg/L;出水COD为21mg/L、SS为9mg/L、NH_4~+-N为1．4mg/L、TP为0．6mg/L,各项指标均达到了景观用水标准。     

膜生物反应器（MBR）处理垃圾渗滤液的脱氮研究

采用一体式MBR处理垃圾渗滤液,系统考察MBR对COD、NH4＋-N和TN的去除效果。结果表明：可将垃圾渗滤液的COD降至650-1 500 mg·L-1范围;在HRT为1.5 d、DO为0.75-1.20 mg·L-1、不排泥条件下运行时,对TN质量浓度低于2 300 mg·L-1、容积负荷低于0.25 kg.m-3.d-1（以N计）的渗滤液进行处理,MBR对NH4＋-N与TN的去除率可分别达到87%和72%以上。在MBR处理垃圾渗滤液的运行中发现,膜的污染速度较快,并且呈现＂两段性＂的规律,采用碱＋氧化剂的清洗方式可有效去除膜污染,降低过膜压力。     

改进折流式生物反应器净化洗浴废水

利用改进折流式生物反应器，研究了好氧渐变厌氧交替工艺对洗浴废水中氮、磷和有机污染物的去除效果。结果表明：洗浴废水中COD和BOD值分别从98.0-190.6mg/L和68.3-81.7mg/L下降到6-10mg/L和1-2mg/L，含氮化合物和含磷化合物的浓度则分别从13．5—25．2mg/L和9．9—13．5mg／L下降到1mg/L和0．5mg／L。在运行过程中，不需要添加甲醇，利用洗浴废水自身的有机物就能达到很好的脱氮、除磷和降解COD与BOD的效果，而且该工艺的动力消耗仅为传统活性污泥法的三分之一。     

森林公园污水回用改造工程设计的案例分析

昆明市某森林公园污水回用工程处理规模1000t／d,于2007建成使用,水源为市政管网截污,使用一段时间后出水各项指标均超过回用水质标准33％～170％,针对出现问题采用MBR工艺进行了改造。改造后系统运行稳定,出水COD≤50mg／L、BOD≤6mg,／L、SS≤10mg／L、NH4-N≤5mg／L、TP≤0．5mg／L、TN≤15mg／L,均优于《城市污水再生利用景观环境用水水质》标准中观赏性景观环境用水水景类水质标准,同时运行费用较原工艺降低18％,为0．847元/m^3,实现了工程改造的预期目标。     

混凝-厌氧-好氧-气浮处理含油污水

食用植物油生产过程中排放的污水,是一种较难处理的高浓度污水。结合污水处理工程设计及工程运营情况,对该工程进行了介绍,并提出了进一步完善的建议。该工程进水（高浓度污水）主要污染物浓度为CODCr：20000～25000mg/L,BOD5：10000～15000mg/L,SS：1000～2000mg/L,经过混凝-厌氧-好氧-气浮等工序处理后,出水达到了《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-96）中的1级排放标准（1998年1月1日后）。     

UASB＋MBR工艺处理城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液试验研究与问题讨论

采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)与膜生物反应器(MBR)组合工艺对城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液进行处理试验研究。当渗滤液CODCr为1491～2965mg／L，该组合工艺对CODCr、BOD5、NH3-N的平均去除率分别达到73％、98．3％和61．7％。文中还对渗滤液CODCr的降解性能、厌氧-好氧工艺的合理组合等问题进行了讨论分析。     

在线反冲洗控制MBR膜污染的试验

试验采用在线空气反冲洗和在线清水反冲洗控制膜生物反应器(MBR)膜污染。试验结果表明,通过在线空气反冲洗,膜通量最大可恢复至20.5L/(m2·h),恢复率为95.3%,反冲洗周期为5d,且30d后膜通量仍大于12L/(m2·h);采用在线清水反冲洗后,膜通量最大可恢复至20.9L/(m2·h),恢复率为97.7%,第34天进行第3次在线清水反冲洗后膜通量仍可恢复至19.8L/(m2·h)。     

硝化菌与膜生物反应器结合处理生活污水中氨氮

研究了硝化菌与膜生物反应器结合处理生活污水中氨氮，实验用水采用食堂与化粪池混合水，实验装置采用膜生物反应器，进水氨氮在4mg／L左右，出水氨氮值接近0，实验结果表明出水能够达到国家工业冷却回用水的指标要求，同时COD也降至30mg／L以下，能满足回用要求。     

Change in genotoxicity of wastewater during chlorine dioxide and chlorine disinfections and the influence of ammonia nitrogen

The effects of chlorine dioxide and chlorine disinfections on the genotoxicity of different biologically treated sewage wastewater samples were studied by umu-test. The experiment results showed that when chlorine dioxide dosage was increased from 0 to 30 mg/L, the genotoxicity of wastewater first decreased rapidly and then tended to be stable, while when the chlorine dosage was increased from 0 to 30 mg/L, the genotoxicity of wastewater changed diversely for different samples. It was then found that ammonia nitrogen did not affect the change of genotoxicity during chlorine dioxide disinfection of wastewater, while it greatly affected the change of genotoxicity during chlorine disinfection of wastewater. When the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was low (< 10–20 mg/L), the genotoxicity of wastewater decreased after chlorine disinfection, and when the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was high (> 10–20 mg/L), the genotoxicity of wastewater increased after chlorine disinfection.     

缺氧—SBR工艺处理焦化废水

对焦化废水进行曝气吹脱，10h氨氮去除率达73．7％，用缺氧－SBR工艺处理焦化废水，进水浓度为COD1474mg/L,NH3-N826.8mg/L时，缺氧SRT10h,SBR曝气10h，沉降2h，出水COD186mg/L,NH3-N290.5mg/L,去除率分别达到87．83％，64．9％。     

采用絮凝—接触氧化法处理酿酒行业废水

采用絮凝-接触氧化法处理酿酒行业废水，原废水CODcr浓度为1627-2334mg/L，SS浓度为2095-2301mg/L，BOD5浓度为981-1005mg/L，色度为80-110倍，用絮凝-接触氧化法处理后，CODer浓度为280-295mg/L，SS浓度为178-199mg/L,CODcr浓度为145-150mg/L，色度为20-25倍，CODcr平均去除率为85%。悬浮物平均去除率为91%，BOD5平均去除率为85%，色度平均去除率为77%，各项指标符合国家排废标准。     

Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from textile wastewater by soilless culture of Lolium multiflorum

A technique of soilless culture for removal of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) from textile wastewater using Lolium multiflorum was conducted in this research. The TN concentration decreased from 50.72 mg/L to 24.64–27.89 mg/L and TP decreased from 6.9 mg/L to 3.7–4.1 mg/L in the experimental tank with the size of 4.7 m x 1.2 m x 0.75 m. The results suggested that L. multiflorum could absorb a large amount of N and P elements from the wastewater. This technique of soilless culture has many advantages such as simple equipment, low cost, easy operation, low energy consumption, convenient management and flexible disposition.     

二段生物接触氧化法处理含硫废水的中试研究

用二段生物接触氧化法探索炼油过程中所产生的含硫废水的处理新方法． 结果表明：经此工艺处理后的出水 Ｃ Ｏ Ｄ、氨氮、硫化物和酚的质量浓度ρ分别为２６６ ．９ ｍｇ／ Ｌ、８２ ．８５ ｍｇ／ Ｌ、１ ．１８ ｍｇ／ Ｌ 和１ ．４３ ｍｇ／ Ｌ,相应的去除率分别为８６ ．３ ％ 、４０ ％ 、９２ ．７ ％ 和９９ ．３ ％ ,出水水质达到国家三级排放标准． 进出水水质的变化曲线表明,生物接触氧化法处理含硫废水对进水水质变化的适应能力比较强,出水水质比较稳定,显示了二段接触氧化法处理含硫废水的可行性     

Partial anammox achieved in full scale biofilm process for typical domestic wastewater treatment

• A full scale biofilm process was developed for typical domestic wastewater treatment. • The HRT was 8 h and secondary sedimentation tank was omitted. • Candidatus Brocadia were enriched in the HBR with an abundance of 2.89%. • Anammox enabled a stable ammonium removal of ~15% in the anoxic zone. The slow initiation of anammox for treating typical domestic wastewater and the relatively high footprint of wastewater treatment infrastructures are major concerns for practical wastewater treatment systems. Herein, a 300 m³/d hybrid biofilm reactor (HBR) process was developed and operated with a short hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 h. The analysis of the bacterial community demonstrated that anammox were enriched in the anoxic zone of the HBR process. The percentage abundance of Candidatus Brocadia in the total bacterial community of the anoxic zone increased from 0 at Day 1 to 0.33% at Day 130 and then to 2.89% at Day 213. Based upon the activity of anammox bacteria, the removal of ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) in the anoxic zone was approximately 15%. This showed that the nitrogen transformation pathway was enhanced in the HBR system through partial anammox process in the anoxic zone. The final effluent contained 12 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD), 0.662 mg/L NH₄⁺-N, 7.2 mg/L total nitrogen (TN), and 6 mg/L SS, indicating the effectiveness of the HBR process for treating real domestic wastewater.     

美达棉纤维挂载生物膜法处理石化废水中油

本文介绍了利用美达棉纤维持载生物摸法处理石化废水中油的试验结果。当废水在柱内停留时间为６．３ｈ，废水中油的处理效果是令人满意的。在同一含停留时间下入流水的ＣＯＤｃｒ从４２０ｍｇ／Ｌ变到１８３２ｍｇ／Ｌ时，出流水的ＣＯＤｃｒ在１６８．５ｍｇ／Ｌ以下。     

Flow characteristic and wastewater treatment performance of a pilot-scale airlift oxidation ditch

A pilot-scale airlift oxidation ditch using bubble diffuser and baffle as aerator was operated in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to investigate its flow characteristic and wastewater treatment performance. Compared with the conventional oxidation ditch process, effective depth and oxygen utilization efficiency of this new process was improved by underwater aeration. Furthermore, it had a reversed velocity distribution, which decreased from the bottom to the top on vertical section. Velocity measurement showed that a velocity over 0.2m/s at the bottom was sufficient to prevent sludge settlement during long term operation. Application of these concepts would save land area and energy consumption by about 25%―50% and 55%, respectively. In this new system, organic biodegradation and nitrification could be well achieved. Denitrification could occur steadily in the straight part by adjusting the airflow rate. An average TN removal rate of 63% was achieved with dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations between 0.6mg/L and 1.5mg/L. The main pollutants in the effluent could meet the strictest discharge standard (COD<50mg/L, NH₄⁺―N<5mg/L, and TN<15mg/L) in China now.     

甲醛对厌氧降解糖蜜酒精废水的抑制及消除

在10 L的厌氧折流板(ABR)反应器中,研究甲醛浓度对糖蜜酒精废水的厌氧降解处理的影响,研究结果表明,甲醛浓度在0~200 mg/L内时,厌氧发酵降解相对稳定,产生抑制作用较小,当甲醛浓度大于200mg/L时,厌氧发酵降解抑制作用明显,当达到250 mg/L左右时,厌氧反应几乎停止进行,在糖蜜酒精废水溶液中添加0.75倍甲醛浓度的NS能过消除甲醛的抑制作用,维持厌氧反应的正常进行.     

Influence of aeration intensity on the performance of A/O-type sequencing batch MBR system treating azo dye wastewater

Among the numerous parameters affecting the membrane bioreactor (MBR) performance, the aeration intensity is one of the most important factors. In the present investigation, an anoxic/aerobic-type (A/O-type) sequencing batch MBR system, added anoxic process as a pretreatment to improve the biodegradability of azo dye wastewater, was investigated under different aeration intensities and the impact of the aeration intensity on effluent quantity, sludge properties, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) amount generated as well as the change of permeation flux were examined. Neither lower nor higher aeration intensities could improve A/O-type sequencing batch MBR performances. The results showed 0.15 m³·h^-1 aeration intensity was promising for treatment of azo dye wastewater under the conditions examined. Under this aeration intensity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen and color removal as well as membrane flux amounted to 97.8%, 96.5%, 98.7% and 6.21 L·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. The effluent quality, with 25.0 mg·L^-1COD, 0.84 mg·L^-1 ammonium nitrogen and 8 chroma, could directly meet the reuse standard in China. In the meantime, the sludge relative hydrophobicity, the bound EPS, soluble EPS and EPS amounts contained in the membrane fouling layer were 70.3%, 52.0 mg·g^-1VSS, 38.8 mg·g^-1VSS and 90.8 mg·g^-1VSS, respectively, which showed close relationships to both pollutant removals and membrane flux.