组配改良剂对污染稻田中铅、镉和砷生物有效性的影响

选取湖南某矿区重金属和砷复合污染稻田土,以盆栽实验研究了施用组配改良剂LMF(碳酸钙+偏高岭土+钙镁磷肥)对土壤中Pb、Cd和As的生物有效性和水稻糙米中Pb、Cd和As累积效应的影响.结果表明:施用LMF能显著增加供试土壤pH值、交换性盐基总量(TEB)和阳离子交换量(CEC),对盐基饱和度(BS)和有机质(OM)含量无显著影响.施用LMF能显著降低土壤中Pb、Cd的交换态和酸可提取态含量,以及降低Pb的TCLP提取态含量,对Cd的TCLP提取态含量无明显效果.LMF施用使土壤中As的交换态和TCLP提取态含量呈现先下降后上升的趋势,且均在施用量为2 g·kg-1时含量最低.随着LMF施用量的增加,水稻糙米中Pb、Cd的含量分别降低了8.44%~99.6%、27.5%~74.1%,而水稻糙米中As含量呈现出先下降后上升的趋势.除Cd的TCLP提取态和酸可提取态外,Pb、Cd和As的其它提取态含量与其在水稻糙米中的含量均呈现出显著正相关关系(p0.05或p0.01).     

2种组配改良剂对稻田土壤重金属有效性的效果

为研究2种组配改良剂LS(碳酸钙+海泡石)和HZ(羟基磷灰石+沸石)对土壤重金属的生物有效性以及水稻吸收累积重金属的影响,在湘南某矿区附近污染稻田中施用了不同添加量(0,2,4,8g/kg)的两种组配改良剂,并进行了水稻种植的田间试验.结果表明,施用2~8g/kg组配改良剂LS和HZ均能使土壤pH值和CEC含量显著增加,有机质含量变化不明显,LS比HZ更能提高土壤pH值和CEC含量.施用2~8g/kg组配改良剂LS能使土壤中Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn的TCLP提取态含量分别降低25.7%~52.2%、12.7%~25.7%、6.4%~17.2%和8.6%~23.4%,施用2~8g/kg HZ使土壤中Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn的TCLP提取态含量分别降低57.6%~80.1%、7.0%~40.9%、2.3%~22.7%和4.5%~33.2%.两种组配改良剂能显著降低土壤中Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn的生物有效性,抑制水稻植株对Pb和Cd的吸收,土壤Pb、Cd和Cu的TCLP提取态含量与水稻根系和糙米中Pb、Cd和Cu的含量之间存在显著或极显著的正相关关系,TCLP提取态含量能较好的表示重金属在土壤中的生物有效性.     

2种组配改良剂对稻田土壤重金属有效性的效果

为研究2种组配改良剂LS(碳酸钙+海泡石)和HZ(羟基磷灰石+沸石)对土壤重金属的生物有效性以及水稻吸收累积重金属的影响,在湘南某矿区附近污染稻田中施用了不同添加量(0,2,4,8g/kg)的两种组配改良剂,并进行了水稻种植的田间试验.结果表明,施用2~8g/kg组配改良剂LS和HZ均能使土壤pH值和CEC含量显著增加,有机质含量变化不明显,LS比HZ更能提高土壤pH值和CEC含量.施用2~8g/kg组配改良剂LS能使土壤中Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn的TCLP提取态含量分别降低25.7%~52.2%、12.7%~25.7%、6.4%~17.2%和8.6%~23.4%,施用2~8g/kg HZ使土壤中Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn的TCLP提取态含量分别降低57.6%~80.1%、7.0%~40.9%、2.3%~22.7%和4.5%~33.2%.两种组配改良剂能显著降低土壤中Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn的生物有效性,抑制水稻植株对Pb和Cd的吸收,土壤Pb、Cd和Cu的TCLP提取态含量与水稻根系和糙米中Pb、Cd和Cu的含量之间存在显著或极显著的正相关关系,TCLP提取态含量能较好的表示重金属在土壤中的生物有效性.     

组配改良剂对稻田系统Pb、Cd和As生物有效性的协同调控

通过水稻盆栽种植试验,研究了两种组配改良剂LST(石灰石+海泡石+二氧化钛)和LSF(石灰石+海泡石+硫酸铁)在不同添加量(0、1、2、4、8、16 g·kg-1)下对水稻土壤Pb、Cd和As的生物有效性以及水稻吸收累积Pb、Cd和As的影响.结果表明:1与对照相比,组配改良剂LST和LSF均使土壤p H值上升,且与对照之间均存在显著差异(P0.05);两种组配改良剂相比,LST比LSF使土壤p H值上升得更多.2施用1~16 g·kg-1的LST和LSF使土壤中Pb、Cd和As的交换态含量分别降低16.8%~88.3%、22.4%~73.7%、2.25%~43.8%和20.2%~86.9%、20.7%~51.2%、18.0%~55.1%,均与对照之间存在显著差异.LST和LSF均能显著降低水稻植株对Pb、Cd和As的吸收.当LST和LSF施加量为16 g·kg-1时,糙米中Pb、Cd和As的含量最高分别降低了50.7%、64.7%、34.1%和40.7%、40.7%、36.2%.3水稻各部位对Pb和As的转运能力为谷壳茎叶根系,对Cd的转运能力为谷壳根系茎叶,水稻中谷壳向糙米转运Pb、Cd和As的能力为CdAsPb.4施加LST和LSF后,水稻糙米中Pb、Cd和As含量与土壤Pb、Cd和As交换态含量之间存在极显著的正相关关系,与土壤p H值之间存在显著的负相关关系.     

谷壳灰对稻田土壤镉、砷生物有效性及糙米镉、砷累积的影响

为研究富硅材料谷壳灰（HA）对稻田土壤Cd、As生物有效性及糙米中Cd、As累积的影响,以稻壳为原料制备中性HA（总硅量6.26×10⁵ mg·kg^-1）,开展水稻盆栽试验.HA按质量比设置4个添加水平（0、0.5%、1%、2%）,种植3种水稻（黄华占、湘晚籼13、隆优4945）.研究结果表明：①在土壤Cd总量为2.30 mg·kg^-1、As总量为90.45 mg·kg^-1的复合污染土壤中,HA施用后,与对照相比,土壤Cd的TCLP提取态、CaCl₂提取态及酸可提取态含量呈现不同程度的降低,分别降低了7.8%~18.7%、7.4%~18.7%、0.9%~16.7%;土壤As的交换态和TCLP提取态含量也有降低,分别降低了6.1%~47.1%、4.3%~26.7%.②HA施用可促进土壤中酸可提取态Cd向难溶态Cd的转变,水稻湘晚籼13、隆优4945根际土壤残渣态Cd含量分别增大9.8%~23.5%、5.9%~28.1%;土壤中As主要以残渣态存在,HA的施用对土壤专性吸附As含量有增大效应.③HA施用能够降低糙米中Cd和无机As含量,施用0.5%~2% HA能使水稻隆优4945和湘晚籼13糙米Cd含量降低到0.2 mg·kg^-1以下,施用2% HA能使黄华占糙米无机As含量降低到0.2 mg·kg^-1以下.施用HA能够有效降低土壤Cd、As生物有效性和糙米Cd、As含量,同时增大土壤有效Si含量,有利于提高土壤质量.     

施用海泡石对铅、镉在土壤-水稻系统中迁移与再分配的影响

以浙江省绍兴市某铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)复合重污染地区土壤(全Pb含量为2 028.22 mg·kg~(-1),全Cd含量为2.36 mg·kg~(-1))及具有低Pb、Cd积累特性的浙江省典型晚粳稻品种嘉33为对象,通过土培盆栽试验,研究了海泡石的施用对铅、镉复合污染土壤中有效态Pb、Cd的含量以及水稻植株对Pb、Cd的吸收和分配关系的影响.结果表明:供试土壤中有效态Pb、Cd的含量与添加的海泡石量呈显著负相关,其相关系数分别为-0.940、-0.952,均达到显著水平(P0.01).随着海泡石添加量的增加,水稻根、茎、叶和精米中Pb、Cd的含量有不同程度地降低,水稻根、茎、叶及精米对Pb、Cd的富集系数显著下降,同时茎对根系吸收的Pb、Cd以及精米对茎中Pb、Cd的转运系数也显著下降.当海泡石的添加量为9.00 g·kg~(-1)土时,嘉33精米中的Pb、Cd含量分别为(0.14±0.02)mg·kg~(-1)、(0.03±0.01)mg·kg~(-1),均低于国家的限量指标(GB 2762-2012);相比于对照组而言,水稻根、茎、叶及精米对Pb的富集系数分别下降了8.83%、29.96%、49.20%、79.41%,对Cd的富集系数分别下降了23.08%、63.22%、44.00%、82.35%;另外,茎对根吸收的Pb、Cd的转运系数分别下降了23.18%、52.19%,精米对茎转运的Pb、Cd的转运系数分别下降了70.83%、52.00%,意味着在铅、镉复合重污染土壤上,海泡石同时对重金属Pb、Cd在土壤-水稻系统的迁移与再分配具有较好的阻控作用,合理施用海泡石与低重金属积累品种相结合可以实现污染浓度相对较高的重金属Pb、Cd复合污染土壤的农业安全利用.     

复合改良剂对Cd污染稻田早晚稻产地修复效果

选取湖南省长沙市北山镇某中重度Cd污染稻田,连续种植早晚两季水稻,研究复合改良剂(石灰石+硅藻土+硫酸铁)对稻田土壤重金属Cd的生物有效性和水稻各部位累积Cd的影响.结果表明,施用复合改良剂提高了早、晚稻土壤pH值、CEC值,降低了早稻土壤中有机质含量(OM值).Cd的TCLP提取态与交换态Cd含量分别降低了18.0%~33.0%、5.4%~57.9%,但对晚稻土壤中Cd的2种提取态含量与OM值影响不显著.施用复合改良剂显著降低早稻糙米、谷壳、茎叶、根系中的Cd含量,分别降低了29.6%~56.1%、52.1%~54.0%、18.1%~80.7%、24.4%~41.6%.早稻与晚稻之间对Cd的转运能力呈现明显差异,Cd在晚稻植株体内的转运过程更为通畅.晚稻除谷壳中的Cd含量在2 g·kg~(-1)的添加量下有所上升外,复合改良剂对水稻各部位Cd含量影响不显著(P0.05).糙米中Cd含量与土壤中TCLP可提取态含量和Cd的交换态含量存在显著正相关关系.复合改良剂有效地抑制了早稻植株对土壤中Cd的吸收,糙米中的Cd含量显著降低;晚稻期间复合改良剂随水分流失,不能持续地固化土壤中的Cd,建议在各季稻之间补加一次.     

组配改良剂对土壤-蔬菜系统铅镉转运调控的场地研究

以组配改良剂LS(石灰石∶海泡石=2∶1)为试验材料,通过对湘南某矿区附近铅镉复合污染旱地土壤进行现场改良钝化,研究施加不同量的LS(0、2、4、8 g·kg-1)对茄子和苋菜植株吸收累积Pb和Cd的影响以及对Pb和Cd在2种蔬菜植株各部位间转运的调控.结果表明:1施加LS能够显著提高土壤p H,降低土壤中交换态Pb和Cd的含量.2施加LS能显著降低2种蔬菜植株各部位中Pb和Cd的含量.LS施加量为2~8 g·kg-1时,茄子果实中Pb和Cd的含量分别降低44.7%~78.6%和36.0%~78.7%;苋菜植株茎叶中Pb和Cd的含量分别降低45.8%~59.1%和40.0%~87.2%.3LS的施加降低了2种蔬菜植株各部位间Pb和Cd的转运系数.2种蔬菜植株在根-茎-果实间或根-茎叶间转运Cd的能力大于Pb,且施加LS各处理下,同种蔬菜相同部位对Pb和Cd的转运能力大小关系保持不变.     

不同有机物料对水稻根表铁膜及砷镉吸收转运的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了油菜秸秆、蚕豆秸秆、泥炭、猪粪堆肥和生物炭这5种有机物料对贵州石灰岩黄壤区某砷（As）和镉（Cd）复合污染稻田土壤As/Cd有效性、水稻根表铁膜及As/Cd吸收转运的影响.结果表明,施用有机物料显著提高了有机质和水稻生物量;除油菜秸秆对土壤pH值影响不明显外,施用有机物料显著提高土壤pH值,使土壤有效Cd含量降低34.77%~82.69%;猪粪堆肥和生物炭使土壤有效As含量显著提高,油菜秸秆和泥炭处理使土壤有效As含量显著降低;施用有机物料有助于水稻根表铁膜的形成,并使其中Cd、As含量分别提高17.73%~151.03%和28.49%~94.86%,使水稻糙米Cd含量降低15.87%~79.45%,As含量降低27.04%~82.51%,降幅以生物炭处理最大;有机物料还显著降低Cd在根-茎-叶-籽粒的转运系数及As从茎向籽粒转运系数.相关分析表明,土壤pH、有效Cd和铁膜Cd含量是影响籽粒Cd累积的主要因素,土壤pH、有机质和铁膜As含量是影响籽粒As累积的主要因素.有机物料通过改变土壤pH、有机质含量及铁膜中As和Cd含量,影响水稻对As和Cd的吸收和转运.     

复合改良剂对稻田Cd、As活性与累积的协同调控

为同时降低水稻糙米中Cd、As含量,以达到国家标准食品污染物限量标准,选取湘南某矿区Cd-As复合污染稻田土壤,以盆栽实验研究复合改良剂QFJ(羟基磷灰石+沸石+酸改性炭化秸秆)对土壤中Cd、As生物有效性及对水稻各部位累积Cd、As的影响,探讨QFJ对土壤Cd、As生物活性与稻米Cd、As累积的协同调控.结果表明:施用QFJ降低了水稻糙米中的Cd、As含量,施加量2g/kg时,糙米中Cd、As含量分别为0.19mg/kg和0.14mg/kg,均低于对照组的0.49mg/kg和0.27mg/kg,且同时低于0.2mg/kg,达到了国家标准食品污染物限量标准.施用QFJ提高了土壤pH值0.02~0.68单位,增加了土壤CEC、OM含量,同时土壤中Cd 的酸可提取态、交换态及TCLP提取态含量分别降低了7.3%~32.5%、12.6%~39.8%和40.7%~60.1%,对As的交换态和TCLP提取态含量的影响趋势是先降低后增大.糙米中Cd含量与土壤中Cd的3种提取态含量存在极显著正相关关系,As含量与其土壤中TCLP提取态含量存在极显著正相关关系.当QFJ施加量在2g/kg水平时,土壤中Cd、As的生物活性可协同控制在较低水平,从而同时降低了糙米中Cd、As含量.施用QFJ使得Cd在水稻根表铁膜中的含量呈增大趋势,在水稻其他部位含量呈减小趋势;As在谷壳中含量呈减少趋势,在其他各部位呈先减小后增大的趋势.水稻吸收的Cd和As大部分累积在根部和茎叶部,各部位Cd累积率大小是白根 > 茎叶 > 糙米 > 谷壳,As是茎叶 > 白根 > 糙米 > 谷壳.根据Cd-As污染程度不同,可考虑施用2~4g/kg QFJ以达到水稻的安全生产.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.