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GC—MS方法测定垃圾焚烧炉飞灰中的二恶英 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用索氏抽提,多级硅胶/氧化铝柱层析等预处理方法,提纯分离出垃圾焚烧炉飞灰中的恶英并进行GC-MS分析,检出所测样品中存在的6 ̄8个氯取代的二恶英。 相似文献
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采用(SPE)固相萃取柱进行分离富集,使用LC—MS/MS联用仪进行检测,建立了一种高效、低成本的可同时检测水体中多种抗生素的方法,并在河北省子牙河流域汪洋沟水体抗生素污染现状调查中得到应用。实验结果表明,(1)最优实验条件的选择为:水样体积为1L,洗脱剂用量为10mL,pH为3.0;(2)回收率达到69.2%~86.3%,相对标准偏差在1.8%~8.4%之间,表明检测结果准确度和灵敏度均较高;(3)在所检测的15种抗生素中,头孢西丁、土霉素、氯唑西林和布洛芬4种抗生素是该河流的主要抗生素污染物,其含量比重(中位数)高达73.5%,检测浓度最高(中位数)的是磺胺类抗生素,浓度为100.4ng/L;(4)各抗生素的含量从上游到下游大体呈逐渐衰减的趋势,这主要归因于下游支流的稀释作用,但水体中抗生素浓度仍远高于已有报道的地区;(5)污染源解析表明,水体中抗生素主要来源于制药企业的废水,部分来源于附近居民的生活污水。 相似文献
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运用GC—MS联用技术对垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物成分的分析 总被引:35,自引:0,他引:35
通过测定垃圾填埋场渗滤液的色度、BOD5、CODCr、TOC、NH3—N、NO2^-—N、NO3^-—N、TKN、TP、总硬度等指标来分析渗滤液的水质特性。利用GC—MS联用技术对渗滤液中有机污染物的组分进行了鉴定,共检测出主要有机污染物63种。 相似文献
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Rabl A 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2003,53(1):41-50
This paper examines the relation between the results of epidemiologic studies of air pollution mortality and impact indicators that can be informative for environmental policy decisions. Using models that are simple and transparent, yet contain the essential features, it is shown that (1) number of deaths is not meaningful for air pollution, whereas loss of life expectancy (LLE) is an appropriate impact indicator; (2) the usual short-term (time series) studies yield a change in daily number of deaths attributable to acute effects of pollution, without any information on the associated LLE (although some information on this has recently become available by extending the observation window of time series); and (3) long-term studies yield a change in age-specific mortality, which makes it possible to calculate the total population averaged LLE (acute and chronic effects) but not the total number of premature deaths attributable to air pollution. The latter is unobservable because one cannot distinguish whether few individuals suffer a large or many suffer a small LLE. The paper calculates the LLE from exposure to PM10, as implied by the long-term mortality studies of adults and infants; population LLE for infants turns out to be an order of magnitude smaller than for adults. The LLE implied by short-term studies is a small fraction of the total loss implied by long-term studies, even if one assumes a very high loss per death. Applied to environmental policy, taking a permanent 50-70% reduction of PM10 as a reasonable goal, one finds a corresponding increase of average life expectancy in urban areas of the European Union (EU) and the United States of approximately four months. 相似文献
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《环境工程学报》2017,(2)
氯苯和氯酚是生活垃圾焚烧过程产生的重要污染物,目前对垃圾焚烧炉飞灰中氯苯和氯酚的研究较少。本文采用超声萃取法结合GC-ECD、LC-MS/MS,建立了飞灰等固体介质中的氯苯氯酚的定量检测方法,通过实验确定出较优的前处理条件,飞灰样品中滴加少量浓硫酸,以正己烷/丙酮(1∶1)为萃取溶剂,40℃超声萃取20 min,萃取3次,然后液相萃取分离氯酚氯苯,分别净化,浓缩,最后进机检测,对三、四、五、六氯代苯和所有的氯酚均获得较好的回收率。应用建立的检测方法测试了3座正常运行过程中的生活垃圾焚烧炉飞灰的氯苯和氯酚含量,样品中一到四氯代氯酚的含量都在定量限以下,五氯酚含量范围为5~11 ng·g-1,三氯苯、四氯苯、五氯苯和六氯苯的含量在3~70 ng·g-1的范围。 相似文献
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Gu Zhiqi Bian Jianmin Wu Juanjuan Ruan Dongmei Yu Yexiang Zhang Han 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(14):20479-20495
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The groundwater environment changes under the influence of anthropogenic activities. Because of the construction of the Da’an irrigation area,... 相似文献
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《国际环境与污染杂志》2011,22(5):547-562
Vertical gradients of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured over a maize field and a soybean field in 1995 and 1996, respectively, in the Lower Coastal Plains of North Carolina. The measurements over the maize field were conducted in its early growth period, during May 1995, and the measurements over the soybean field were conducted in its middle and later growth periods during July through August 1996 at the same location. These measurements were combined with micrometeorological flux measurements to determine emission flux measurements for various VOCs. This measurement programme was part of project NOVA (Natural emissions of Oxidant precursors: Validation of techniques and Assessment) to estimate the flux of VOCs. Methanol was identified as the major biogenic compound for both years with the average flux of 3450 ± 1456 µg/m²/hr over maize and 3079 ± 2766 µg/m²/hr over soybean. Acetone is another compound that was identified as a biogenic compound for both years with the average flux of 425 ± 223 µg/m²/hr over maize and 2701 ± 1710 µg/m²/hr over soybean. In addition to biogenic compounds, a large number of aromatic compounds, including styrene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, were also identified as emissions from the ground over the soybean field. 相似文献
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Rasilainen K Suksi J Ruskeeniemi T Pitkänen P Poteri A 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2003,61(1-4):235-246
Uranium release observed in a rock matrix around water-carrying fractures was studied using U-series disequilibrium (USD) modelling and mass balance calculations. Several release scenarios were tested, with specific attention to the glacial aspects. The release appears to have occurred in two or three violent episodes during the last 300 ky. A release after the last glaciation can be excluded on mass flow grounds. Continuous release for more than 300 ky can be excluded on radioactive disequilibrium grounds. Repeated inflows of oxic glacial meltwater seem to have triggered the release episodes. 相似文献
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《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1999,33(7):1065-1071
Field measurements were made of greenhouse gas emissions from a wastewater treatment system using open path monitoring with detection by FTIR spectroscopy. Emission rates were determined by the ratio technique using a sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas released from a line source. As a quality control check, a second tracer gas – ethylene – was released from various single point locations. This paper presents a comparison of the line-source and point-source tracer releases for approximating emissions from the area source. The two types of tracer release showed excellent agreement when both release points were two hundred meters from the FTIR beam path. Data for other release points also were comparable, once differences in vertical dispersion as a function of distance are taken into account. 相似文献
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Ligero RA Barrera M Casas-Ruiz M Sales D López-Aguayo F 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,118(1):97-108
In this paper the time evolution of heavy metal concentration of Pb, Zn, Cd and Hg, in the sediments of the Bay of Cádiz (southwest of Spain) is studied during the past century, as a result of the industrial influence in the zone. The study has been performed using sedimentary profiles that have been extracted from the seabed. The measurement of 210Pb and 137Cs radionuclides has provided the dating of the sediment layers, up to a depth corresponding to the age of 115 years. The relative sedimentation rates obtained are around 0.2 cm/year. The 137Cs activity profile reflects the concentration of this radionuclide in the atmosphere and into aquatic systems during the second half of the twentieth century. This profile has been used to ratify the results provided by the 210Pb dating method. 相似文献
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Rachidi Hafida Hamdaoui Samir Merimi Imane Bengourram Jamae Latrache Hassan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(1):106-118
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Moroccan employers have a strong responsibility for the safety and health of their employees in the workplace and for protecting them from the risk of... 相似文献