火成岩断裂带中金、银矿床的火成改造成矿作用

产于火成岩（侵入岩、火山-次火山岩）断裂带中的脉状金、银矿床的地质特征表明，矿床的形成明显滞后于火成岩的成岩时代，属后成矿床，成矿多发生在地下500～3000m处，断裂构造使其与地表导通，形成开放半开放体系；地球化学资料表明至少有一部分矿床成矿元素主要来自已团结成岩的火成岩；成矿流体有大气降水成分及与主岩不同期的岩浆热液成分；成矿的方式主要有两种：一是岩脉侵入带来的热液使早期的岩体遭受蚀变，蚀变过程中金等成矿元素析出并在断裂构造中沉淀成矿；二是下渗的大气降水在深部被加热，萃取岩石中的成矿元素而形成含矿溶液，这种分散在岩石中的溶液，在构适应力作用下汇聚到构造薄弱带——断裂中，因降温减压而沉淀成矿。概括地说，这些矿床是通过热液对火成岩（矿源岩）的改造而形成的，可称之为火成改造矿床。     

云南个旧锡矿床成因研究综述

从成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征及地质发展史出发,依据矿石光片鉴定及鲕状黄铁矿电子探针分析,综合分析前人提出的岩浆热液成矿和热水沉积成矿的证据,认为个旧锡多金属矿床既存在热水沉积成矿作用,又有岩浆热液成矿作用,为热水沉积-岩浆热液叠生矿床。     

河南省嵩县东湾-蛮峪金矿床地质特征及找矿意义

本文通过对东湾金矿矿区的地质概况、矿床地质特征的分析研究,得出东湾金矿是岩浆热液形成的构造蚀变岩型金矿,成矿时代属燕山晚期,燕山期岩浆活动不仅提供强大的热动力条件,而且还从矿源层中携带大量的成矿物质,在构造有利部位,尤其是NNE向断裂构造部位沉淀富集成矿,总结出了找矿标志和预测了今后的找矿方向。     

赣东北景德镇四村矿化蚀变带成矿地质条件及找矿潜力

四村矿化蚀变带是在塔前—赋春矿集区新发现的1处铜多金属矿化蚀变带,通过与朱溪钨铜多金属矿床进行地质、矿化蚀变、地球物理-地球化学-遥感异常等对比,认为二者的成矿地质条件相似。根据四村地区浅表闪长玢岩、煌斑岩和辉长辉绿岩脉地质特征,推测其深部可能存在花岗质岩体。结合晚古生代碳酸盐岩、断裂破碎带和层间破碎带地质特征,推测花岗质岩浆上侵并与碳酸盐岩接触交代,可形成矽卡岩型矿床或热液脉型矿床,具有较好的找矿潜力。下一步找矿重点为侵入岩与碳酸盐岩接触带、断裂带和层间破碎带。     

南方复杂地形条件下1∶5万重力调查成果分析——以江西甲路幅为例

文章对江西甲路幅1∶5万重力调查实测数据进行处理与解释,推断并构建了甲路幅断裂构造体系,解释了主要断裂的形态、延伸及性质。结合磁测异常圈定了研究区内的隐伏岩体,并通过2.5D解释确定了主要岩体的外接触面形态与埋深;通过对区域典型矿床地质、物化探异常特征研究,结合地质、化探资料对该区成矿远景进行圈定与预测。通过研究构造、岩体、成矿三者之间的关系,认为断裂控制岩浆与热液的运移,进而控制隐伏岩体及内生型金属矿床的发育与空间展布。与其他物探方法相比,重力调查在解释断裂构造方面具有自身特色与优势,是配合矿产地质调查查明断裂、隐伏岩体及隐伏矿床的最佳物探方法之一。     

福建德化杨梅地区金矿成矿地质条件和矿床成因

本文分析研究了德化杨梅地区金矿成矿地质条件，矿床主要地质和地球化学特征以及矿床成因等。结果表明，德化杨梅地区是一个金的高背景地球化学场．为成矿提供了物质基础，金矿床、矿点明显地受NE、NW向断裂及其交叉复合部位控制，与成矿有关的侵入岩—次火山岩主要是燕山期的石英闪长岩、花岗闪长斑岩和花岗斑岩；金的矿化类型主要为含金石英脉型、含金石英—硫化物型及破碎蚀变岩型；区内金矿成因类型主要为次火山热液型和岩浆热液型两类。     

江苏省铜山—石砀山铜钼矿床成矿特征及深部资源预测

江苏铜山铜(钼)矿是与燕山期中酸性杂岩体有关的高—中温热液矽卡岩型矿床。矿体主要赋存于矽卡岩带中,少部分赋存于蚀变黑云母石英闪长岩中。根据矿床成矿特征,结合矿区物、化探异常信息,总结了矿床预测模型,并对矿区深部及外围进行预测。采用矿床模型地质体积法对深部预测资源量进行估算,预测深部铜金属量33611.57t,钼金属量9331.35t。     

安徽安庆地区五横岩体地质特征及成矿潜力

安庆地区位于长江中下游多金属成矿带中段,是内生金属矿床找矿重点地区之一。通过研究五横岩体岩石学、地球化学及热液蚀变特征,并与邻近地区的月山岩体进行对比,进一步评价五横岩体的成矿潜力。结果表明:安庆地区五横岩体与月山岩体均属于中酸性侵入体,五横岩体与浅部金铜热液脉型矿化关系密切,月山岩体与铜、金等多金属成矿关系密切。五横岩体具有由辉长闪长岩向二长岩演化的岩相学特征,月山岩体主要由闪长岩、二长闪长岩和石英闪长岩组成。五横岩体蚀变强烈,蚀变分带明显,其中低温蚀变带多数伴有铜、金矿化,具有较好的热液系统成矿潜力,月山岩体具有较完整的矽卡岩-热液脉型成矿系统,具有形成较大规模铜铁矿床的潜力。五横岩体与月山岩体在岩石成因、构造背景和热液蚀变等方面具有相似性,深部与三叠纪灰岩接触带可能具有寻找矽卡岩型矿床的潜力。     

广东省揭西县金坑铜锡铅锌矿床地质、地球化学特征及成因

广东省揭西县金坑铜锡铅锌矿位于惠阳—梅县新华夏构造体系之莲花山深大断裂带,矿体受断裂控制,呈脉状产于上侏罗统高基坪群火山岩层间滑动带。通过对该矿床地质及地球化学特征研究,认为该矿床成矿物质来源主要是地壳同熔型花岗岩,热液来源与花岗岩关系密切,是岩浆期后热液裂隙充填(交代)型矿床。     

江西钨矿床主要成因类型及找矿潜力分析

在江西省钨矿资源潜力评价工作的基础上,总结江西钨矿床的主要成因类型,主要有岩浆热液石英脉型、岩体型、斑岩型、矽卡岩型和云英岩型等钨矿床,分别论述各类型典型矿床的地质特征,分析各类型钨矿床找矿方向并预测其资源潜力。共圈定钨成矿远景区13处,运用含矿地质体体积法预测全省各类型钨矿资源潜力,分别为:岩浆热液石英脉型500万吨、岩体型200万吨、斑岩型约16万吨、矽卡岩型350万吨、云英岩型约50万吨。指出江西钨矿的找矿重点,一是赣北地区钨矿成矿规律研究,提出找矿模型;二是加强深部找矿理论研究,寻找隐伏矿床;三是深入其它类型钨矿(除石英脉型)研究,特别是最具找矿潜力的大湖塘式岩体——石英脉复合型钨矿和朱溪式矽卡岩型钨铜矿,可作为该区下一步找矿的主攻方向。     

青春 责任 梦想 行动 2015年千名青年环境友好使者夏令营侧记

<正>"我们处在世界正在发生重大变革的时代,中国也正在实现着民族伟大复兴的关键时刻。青年人要承担什么责任?""我们应该团结更多的青年人,向全社会积极宣传环保理念,保护我们共同生存的家园。"一名青年使者刚刚回答完贾峰主任的问题,全场响起的是掌声——雷鸣般的掌声!8月17日,2015年"千名青年环境友好使者夏令营"在成都市温江区正式开营。环境保护部宣传教育中心主任贾峰亲临现场,并为青年学子们讲授了热情     

Asbeste Arten,Entstehung, Bedeutung,Problematik

Types of asbestos are distinguished not only by structure, chemical compositon, shape of aggregates, and length and quality of fibers, but also by its formation. Though consisting of quite common elements, deposits are formed only under very special conditions. Its unique combination of properties has created over 3000 fields of application (about 70% in asbestos cement). Great efforts have been made to substitute all types of asbestos by harmless, similarly cheap and versatile synthetic fibers, owing to the unquestioned carcinogenic properties of all asbestos dusts. However, development of such fibers has not made any remarkable progress until recently. Consequently risk to workers in mining and manufactoring, consumers, outsiders, and the environment should be kept as low as possible by intensifying precautions and diminishing emissions.     

Effect of CaO on retention of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, W and Pb in bottom ashes from fluidized-bed coal combustion power station

This work was conducted to evaluate whether Ca-bearing additives used during coal combustion can also help with the retention of some other elements. This work was focused on the evaluation of bottom ashes collected during four full-scale combustion tests at an operating thermal fluidized-bed power station. Bottom ashes were preferred to fly ashes for the study to avoid interference from condensation processes usually occurring in the post-combustion zone. This work focused on the behaviors of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu,Zn, W, and Pb. Strong positive correlations with CaO content in bottom ashes were observed（for all four combustion tests） for S, As, Cl and Br（R = 0.917-0.999）. Strong inverse proportionality was calculated between the contents of Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr and Mn and CaO, so these elements showed association to materials other than Ca-bearing compounds（e.g., to aluminosilicates, organic matter, etc.）. Somewhat unclear behaviors were observed for W, Cu, and V. Their correlation coefficients were evaluated as statistically ＂not significant＂, i.e., these elements were not thought to be significantly associated with CaO. It was also discovered that major enrichment of CaO in the finest bottom ash fractions could be advantageously used for simple separation of elements strongly associated with these fractions, mainly S and As, but also Cl or Br. Removal of5% of the finest ash particles brings about a decrease in As concentration down to 77%-80% of its original bulk ash content, which can be conveniently used e.g., when high As content complicates further ash utilization.     

珊瑚钨锡矿硅质尾矿中Cd、As、Zn、F富集迁移及环境污染

硅质尾矿在释放中性矿山废水(NMD)时所伴生的多元素复合污染问题值得重视。本文以桂东北珊瑚矿尾矿作为研究对象,通过分析该尾矿的组构、元素富集及迁移特性,筛选出主要污染元素,并探讨尾矿胶结层对元素富集迁移的影响。结果表明:(1)该尾矿中Cd、As、Zn及F富集程度较高、可交换态含量(易迁移释放量)较大,是主要的污染元素,而Cu、Pb、Tl产生污染的可能性较小;(2)胶结层对重金属具有再富集作用,但其对可交换态Cd、As(Tl)再富集明显,而对可交换态Cu、Pb、Zn再富集则不明显。胶结层中次生伊利石、石膏等胶结物趋向于吸附富集活性可交换态Cd、As。这表明该尾矿可能迁移释放出含Cd、As浓度较高的NMD。研究表明,硅质尾矿风化释出NMD的同时,可能伴生Cd、As、Zn等重金属以及F的复合污染。     

意大利的金枪鱼、箭鱼、鸬鹚以及家燕等体内的多氯萘、多氯联苯、多氯二苯-p-二恶英、多氯二苯并呋喃以及p,p''''-DDE

我们曾对从意大利收集的金枪鱼、箭鱼、普通鸬鹚以及家燕体内的p,p'-DDE、多氯联苯同类物(PCBs)、多氯二苯-p-二恶英(PCDDs)、多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)以及多氯萘(PCNs)浓度进行过测量.     

The monitoring,Evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification of energy-efficiency projects

In this paper, we present an overview of guidelinesdeveloped for the monitoring, evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification (MERVC) ofenergy-efficiency projects for climate changemitigation. The monitoring and evaluation ofenergy-efficiency projects is needed to determine moreaccurately their impact on greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions and other attributes, and to ensure that theglobal climate is protected and that countryobligations are met. Reporting, verification andcertification will be needed for addressing therequirements of the Kyoto Protocol. While the cost ofmonitoring and evaluation of energy-efficiencyprojects is expected to be about 5–10% of a project'sbudget, the actual cost of monitoring and evaluationwill vary depending on many factors, including thelevel of precision required for measuring energy andGHG reductions, type of project, and amount of fundingavailable.     

Algorithmen,gehirne, computer

In order to say something substantial about the fundamental limits of machines (especially of computers) and of human calculations, we must explicate the concept of algorithm. Such an explication is provided by the Turing machine. Thus, problems have been discovered which cannot be solved algorithmically. For other problems there are problem-solving procedures, but no elegant algorithms. That men are fundamentally superior to machines has not been shown as yet.