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合流制溢流与降雨初期的径流污染日益成为影响城市河流、湖泊等天然水体水质的主要因素。调蓄池可以将降雨径流截流并滞后输送至污水处理厂,这是一种控制城市径流污染的有效手段。近年来,中国各地逐步建起了调蓄池并投入运行,然而缺乏科学、合理的方法对已建调蓄池进行评估。围绕调蓄池在污染减排指标、排涝能力指标、截流能力指标、利用效率指标、综合感官指标等方面的作用,构建了一套调蓄池综合环境效益评估指标体系,并用于调蓄池建设与数据监测较完善的深圳市龙岗区丁山河流域调蓄池评估。结果表明,在多种设计降雨量和实测降雨量工况下,使用该指标体系能够简单直观地对调蓄池削减污染、调蓄水量等作用进行较客观的评估,为全面定量分析调蓄池的综合环境效益提供了技术支持。 相似文献
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针对城市水体的病原微生物污染问题,设计了以铜银负载沸石为基质的雨水滞留池模拟柱,用于去除合流制溢流水中的以大肠菌群为指示菌的病原微生物;通过静态实验考察了制备的载铜和载银沸石的铜、银的流失量和除菌效果,并用模拟柱进行了含不同大肠杆菌浓度的进水及合流制溢流水的除菌实验。结果表明:载铜沸石的Cu~(2+)流失量相对于载银沸石的Ag~+流失量更小;在10~5~10~7 CFU·L~(-1)的进水大肠杆菌浓度下,2种沸石柱的除菌率均在90%以上;在连续18 d的运行过程中,2种沸石实验柱对大肠杆菌浓度为10~6 CFU·L~(-1)的合流制溢流水的除菌率也保持在90%以上,且未受到水中的COD、TN、TP的影响。载铜和载银沸石基质滞留池可以有效地降低雨水中的病原微生物风险。 相似文献
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通过在二沉池一维分层模型中加入弥散作用建立了二沉池一维分层弥散模型,并采用数值求解的方法开发了二沉池模拟程序.利用竖流式沉淀池中试试验实测数据验证了模型的可靠性,以COST(欧洲科技领域研究合作组织)624/682文件中基准污水处理厂二沉池晴天时的稳态和动态进水数据为模型输入值,分析比较了一维分层弥散模型模拟程序与国外成熟软件的模拟结果.结果表明,纳入了弥散作用的一维分层模型能较好地描述实际二沉池中的悬浮固体浓度分布,模拟结果具有较好的精度,有待于在二沉池模拟和控制领域进一步深入研究. 相似文献
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研究了污泥返混对自热高温好氧消化(ATAD)效果的影响.通过对二沉池污泥稳定化效果的考察,研究了间歇式ATAD过程中有机物、氮、磷等的变化情况.结果表明,有10%(质量分数)的消化污泥返混时,在消化15d时污泥挥发固体(VS)去除率达到38.5%;而无消化污泥返混时,污泥VS的去除率仅为33.4%;在消化21d后,前者和后者的VS去除率分别为40.1%和39.9%,均达到污泥稳定化的要求.研究发现,两个反应器污泥ATAD过程中溶解性COD(SCOD)、氨氮含量均呈现消化初期快速上升、消化中期在一定范围内波动、消化后期下降的趋势;TP、TN含量呈现出消化初期快速上升,消化中后期在一定范围内波动的趋势. 相似文献
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采用树脂分级将二沉池出水有机物(effluent organic matter, EfOM)根据官能团分类,采用红外光谱、荧光光谱、排阻色谱等多种表征方式对EfOM及其分级组成的化学组成进行分析。考察了EfOM及其分级组成的膜通量随时间的变化曲线,研究了二沉池出水主要的膜污染组分以及膜污染模型机理。结果表明,憎水性有机物组分(hydrophobic, HPO)主要为芳香烃类有机酸,胶体有机物组分(organic colloidal, OC)主要为蛋白质类有机物,过渡亲水性有机物组分(transphilic,TPI)主要是有机酸和多糖。膜污染严重程度依次为OCEfOMHPOTPI,在过滤初期,OC和EfOM中的大分子有机物会快速堵塞膜孔并引起膜通量的剧烈下降。另外,OC和TPI组分会与膜表面发生相互作用,导致不可逆膜污染偏高。对于实际水体EfOM及其各分级组分,滤饼层过滤是超滤后期主要膜污染机理,超滤实验初期的膜污染可能是多种膜污染机理共同作用的结果。研究识别了EfOM的主要污染成分和主要膜污染机理,为超滤工艺深度处理二沉池出水提供了理论指导。 相似文献
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Árpád Ambrus 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):435-442
Abstract A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits. 相似文献
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不同泥源对厌氧氨氧化反应器启动的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
采用2套上流式生物膜反应器,分别接种少量厌氧氨氧化污泥和大量硝化污泥,考察其对厌氧氨氧化反应器启动的影响。污泥接种入反应器后,测得接种厌氧氨氧化污泥的反应器(R1)内MLSS为0.22 g/L,另一个反应器(R2)MLSS为2.7 g/L。与直接接种厌氧氨氧化污泥相比,R1经过72 d的运行才显现出厌氧氨氧化特性。经过114 d的培养,前者氮去除速率由0.23 kg/(m3.d)提升到5.29 kg/(m3.d),总氮去除率大于89%;R2的氮去除速率由0.01 kg/(m3.d)提升到1.1 kg/(m3.d),总氮去除率大于84.6%。说明普通污泥启动需要一个较长的筛选过程,直接接种少量的厌氧氨氧化污泥比接种普通的污泥能够更快启动厌氧氨氧化反应器。 相似文献
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介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠 相似文献
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Janusz A. Pudykiewicz Anna S. Koziol 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1998,32(24):5541
The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing. 相似文献
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造纸废水混凝处理中SFT助凝替代性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中小造纸厂废水处理常用PAC作混凝剂 ,PAM作助凝剂。由于PAM成本很高 ,影响了处理设备的投运率。用超细滑石粉 (SFT)替代PAM助凝 ,与混凝剂PAC配合 ,其混凝处理效果基本相当 ,但是处理成本降低 0 .10元 /m3 。由于SFT属环境无害材料 ,不会给排泥带来二次污染 相似文献
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活性炭三维电极法对印染废水的处理研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对三维电极方法处理印染废水进行了实验研究,初步探讨了活性炭三维电极法处理印染废水的机理,对影响处理效果的各种要素,如反应时间、槽电压和pH值等进行了条件实验,得出了活性炭三维电极法处理印染废水的最佳运行条件为:停留时间120-180 min,槽电压25~30 V,进水pH值6.5~7.5。结果表明,该反应器能有效地降低废水色度,有较高的COD去除效率,并能提高印染废水的可生化性。 相似文献
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Evaluation of the presence of drugs of abuse in tap waters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A total of seventy samples of drinking water were tested for non-controlled and illicit drugs. Of these, 43 were from Spanish cities, 15 from seven other European countries, three from Japan and nine from seven different Latin American countries. The most frequently detected compounds were caffeine, nicotine, cotinine, cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine, methadone and its metabolite EDDP. The mean concentrations of non-controlled drugs were: for caffeine 50 and 19 ng L−1, in Spanish and worldwide drinking water respectively and for nicotine 13 and 19 ng L−1. Illicit drugs were sparsely present and usually at ultratrace level (<1 ng L−1). For example, cocaine has mean values of 0.4 (Spain) and 0.3 ng L−1 (worldwide), whereas for benzoylecgonine, these mean values were 0.4 and 1.8 ng L−1, respectively. Higher concentrations of benzoylecgonine were found in Latin American samples (up to 15 ng L−1). No opiates were identified in any sample but the presence of methadone and EDDP was frequently detected. Total mean values for EDDP were 0.4 ng L−1 (Spain) and 0.3 ng L−1 (worldwide). Very few samples tested positive for amphetamines, in line with the reactivity of chlorine with these compounds. No cannabinoids, LSD, ketamine, fentanyl and PCP were detected. 相似文献
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以松木木屑为原料,在自制的小型流化床上,开展了生物质热裂解温度、生物质粒径和进料速率对生物油产率的影响实验研究.结果表明,在热裂解温度分别为450、475、500、525和550℃条件下,当热裂解温度为500℃时,生物油产率最高,平均产率达到53.33%(质量百分比).反应温度越高,炭产量越低,不可冷凝气体产量越高,气体发热值越高;粒径<1 mm的生物质其粒径对生物油产率影响不大;生物质进料速率增加时,生物油产率增加.本研究为生物能的利用提供了新的途径. 相似文献