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简要介绍了土地定级信息系统和土地估价信息系统的软件和硬件配置、系统的结构与功能,并以通州市为例,阐述了土地定级信息系统的基本算法和模型参数的确定方法。 相似文献
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土地生态系统定量评价初探 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13
钱金平 《城市环境与城市生态》2001,14(2):54-55,57
选取了基本代表土地生态系统质量优劣的土地侵蚀、土地污染、土壤肥力、土地干化-沙化、土地污染盐碱化等指标体系,采用模糊数学方法,对土地生态系统进行定量评价,并以石家庄市为例对评价方法及过程进行了验证。 相似文献
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土地生态系统健康研究的主要内容及面临的问题 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
生态系统健康研究是资源环境可持续利用研究中的一个热点。在归纳土地生态系统具有尺度的宏观性、对象的地域性、空间的开放性和动态性、问题的复杂性等特征的基础上,提出了开展土地生态系统健康研究的内容应包括土地生态系统健康的机理、评价和管理等三个主要方面。结合我国的土地资源状况,指出我国开展土地生态系统健康研究面临着包括人口密度过大,土地资源压力大;我国地域辽阔,气候类型多样,社会经济区域发展不均衡,全国各地土地生态系统的区域分异性很强等主要问题。 相似文献
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中国土地荒漠化/土地退化的防治与环境保护 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
朱震达 吴焕忠 《农村生态环境》1996,12(3):《农村生态环境》-1996年12卷3期,12(3)-96-96,12(3)页-《农村生态环境》-1996年12卷3期,12(3)-96-96,12(3)页
荒漠化是当今全球最严重的环境问题之一。结合中国国情来睦,荒漠化不仅发生于干旱、半干旱地区,也发生于湿润、半湿润地区。中国已慧的荒漠化土地面积111.7万km^2,占国土面积的11.6%;其中风力作用、水蚀作用和物理及化学作用下的荒漠化土地约各占1/3。另外中国还有易受风力和水力作用影响的潜在荒漠化土地53.5万km^2和87.5万km^2,潜在盐渍化土地17.3万km^2。中国土地荒漠化是在脆弱生 相似文献
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中国土地盐碱化及其防治对策研究 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
中国盐碱地面积为3630万hm^2,土地盐碱化是农业生态环境退化的重大问题之一。土地盐碱化治理和预防对中国干旱、半干旱和半湿润地区农业生态系统退化防治,农业生态环境保护和未来食物安全性具有非常重要的实践意义。本文简要评述了我国土地盐碱化的历史及发展趋势以及土地盐碱化可能造成的土地面积,生产力和经济损失。在对土地盐碱化发生和发展的技术和社会经济原因,以及现有技术、管理、政策和法律法规进行系统评述的基 相似文献
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土地资源可持续利用的生态经济系统分析 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
论述了土地生态经济系统的特点和实现土地可持续利用的生态经济条件,土地生态经济系统是土地生态系统与土地经济系统耦合而成的复合系统,土地可持续利用与生态经济平衡存在着内在联系生态经济平衡是实现土地可持续利用的前提条件。土地可持续利用目标是在土地开发利用过程中,实现生态、经济和三效益的协调统一;遵循生态经济规律是实现土地资源可持续利用的必要条件。 相似文献
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土地资源永续利用的生态经济对策 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
土地资源是人类赖以生存的最基本的自然资源,土地资源的永续利用是实现社会,经济和生态全面可持续发展的基础。本文在分析土地资源利用特点,土地资源永续利用的内涵,原则与指南的基础上,提出了实现土地资源永续利用的一系列生态经济对策。 相似文献
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中国盐碱地面积为3630万hm2,土地盐碱化是农业生态环境退化的重大问题之一。土地盐碱化治理和预防对中国干旱、半干旱和半湿润地区农业生态系统退化防治、农业生态环境保护和未来食物安全性具有非常重要的实践意义。本文简要评述了我国土地盐碱化的历史及发展趋势以及土地盐碱化可能造成的土地面积、生产力和经济损失;在对土地盐碱化发生和发展的技术和社会经济原因,以及现有技术、管理、政策和法律法规进行系统评述的基础上,提出了我国土地盐碱化防治的区域战略、技术政策、管理政策、法律法规及经济激励手段。 相似文献
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土地资源是人类赖以生存的最基本的自然资源,土地资源的永续利用是实现社会、经济和生态全面可持续发展的基础。本文在分析土地资源利用特点,土地资源永续利用的内涵、原则与指南的基础上,提出了实现土地资源永续利用的一系列生态经济对策。 相似文献
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Julie G. Zaehringer Jorge C. Llopis Phokham Latthachack Tun Tun Thein Andreas Heinimann 《Journal of Land Use Science》2018,13(1-2):16-31
Tropical forests are under pressure from both commercial and smallholder agriculture. Forest frontiers are seeing dynamic land use changes that frequently lead to land system regime shifts, posing challenges for the sustainability of entire local social-ecological systems. Monitoring highly dynamic land use change and detecting land system regime shifts is methodologically challenging due to trade-offs between spatial and temporal data resolution. We propose an innovative approach that combines analysis of very-high-resolution satellite imagery with participatory mapping based on workshops and field walks. Applying it in Laos, Myanmar, and Madagascar, we were able to collect annual land use information over several decades. Unlike conventional land use change mapping approaches, which assess only few points in time, our approach provides information at a temporal resolution that enables detection of gradual and abrupt land system regime shifts. 相似文献
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From teleconnection to telecoupling: taking stock of an emerging framework in land system science 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Cecilie Friis Jonas Østergaard Nielsen Iago Otero Helmut Haberl Jörg Niewöhner Patrick Hostert 《Journal of Land Use Science》2016,11(2):131-153
Land use change is influenced by a complexity of drivers that transcend spatial, institutional and temporal scales. The analytical framework of telecoupling has recently been proposed in land system science to address this complexity, particularly the increasing importance of distal connections, flows and feedbacks characterising change in land systems. This framework holds important potential for advancing the analysis of land system change. In this article, we review the state of the art of the telecoupling framework in the land system science literature. The article traces the development of the framework from teleconnection to telecoupling and presents two approaches to telecoupling analysis currently proposed in the literature. Subsequently, we discuss a number of analytical challenges related to categorisation of systems, system boundaries, hierarchy and scale. Finally, we propose approaches to address these challenges by looking beyond land system science to theoretical perspectives from economic geography, social metabolism studies, political ecology and cultural anthropology. 相似文献
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B. L. Turner II 《Journal of Land Use Science》2016,11(6):689-697
ABSTRACTLand system science (LSS) has expanded its research focus from the drivers of land-use and -cover change primarily in rural wildlands to include the social-environmental consequences of this change, urban areas, and sustainability practice. Land system architecture, interacting with the landscape mosaic approach in ecology, offers a special niche for the entry of rural areas and wildlands into urban sustainability research through examinations of the composition and configuration of ‘cityscapes’. Given the fine-grain data requirements of heterogeneous cityscapes, emergent land architecture-mosaic approaches have largely explored the urban heat island (UHI) problem, a topic that links LSS with the interests of urban climatology, engineering, and planning in city morphology or geometry. The subtle distinctions in the treatment of land configuration between land architecture-mosaic approaches and urban morphology-geometry approaches are identified. Several examples of the land architecture-mosaic approach illustrate the understanding gained about the UHI problem as well as its complementarity with morphology-geometry approaches. This understanding provides insights about the design of urban areas at the parcel to neighborhood scales to ameliorate extreme temperatures, an issue of increasing concern for urban areas worldwide and consistent with the sustainability problems identified by such international programs as Future Earth. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Reflecting on the 2019 Open Science Meeting of the Global Land Program and on commentaries since, we argue that the time is ripe for the land system science community to fully embrace the thorny issue of land ownership and control. Beyond land governance and institutions, the issue of who actually owns and controls land, and how land holding and rents are distributed across society, is central to the future of sustainability initiatives, biodiversity protection, social justice, climate change mitigation, and long-term food security and sovereignty. By explicitly tracking and visualizing just Who Owns the Earth, the land system science community could provide much-needed data and insights to inform public debate and advance political action in these arenas. 相似文献
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Growing or shrinking cities can experience increases in vacant land. As urban populations and boundaries fluctuate, holes can open in once tight urban areas. Many cities chase growth-oriented approaches to dealing with vacancies. It is critical to understand land-use alteration to accurately predict transformations of physical change in order to make better informed decisions about this phenomenon. This research utilizes the land transformation model (LTM), an artificial neural networking mechanism in Geographic Information Systems, to forecast vacant land. Variable influence on vacant land prediction and accuracy of the LTM is assessed by comparing input factors and patterns, using time-series data from 1990 to 2010 in Fort Worth, Texas, USA. Results indicate that the LTM can be useful in simulating vacant land-use changes but more precise mechanisms are necessary to increase accuracy. This will allow for more proactive decisions to better regulate the process of urban decline and regeneration. 相似文献
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Land systems are described based on various characteristics, including land cover composition and agricultural production. However, it is uncertain to what extent livestock, particularly monogastric livestock, determines land systems. We included monogastrics in a land system classification, and statistically analyzed the land cover composition and agricultural production of otherwise similar land systems with and without monogastric livestock. The results indicate that land systems with monogastrics are statistically different from their counterparts in the classification without monogastrics in terms of grassland area and crop yields, but are less different in terms of tree area, crop area, and ruminant livestock production. We then used a land systems map that includes monogastrics in the classification and a similar map that does not include monogastrics to project future changes in a novel manner that integrates livestock as a determinant of land systems. The results show that including monogastrics in otherwise similar projections yields less cropland intensification and more cropland expansion in several world regions, including Northern Africa and the Middle East. Other regions, such as Europe and Australia, were characterized by less decrease or more increase in tree area in the application with monogastrics, mainly due to the occurrence of open forests with monogastrics. This study prompts a call for improved characterization of land systems for land use and cover change (LUCC) assessments in order to better represent LUCC driven by monogastric livestock. 相似文献
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土地资源可持续利用的生态经济系统分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
论述了土地生态经济系统的特点和实现土地可持续利用的生态经济条件。土地生态经济系统是土地生态系统与土地经济系统耦合而成的复合系统 ,土地可持续利用与生态经济平衡存在着内在联系 ,生态经济平衡是实现土地可持续利用的前提条件 ;土地可持续利用目标是在土地开发利用过程中 ,实现生态、经济和社会三效益的协调统一 ;遵循生态经济规律是实现土地资源可持续利用的必要条件 相似文献
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BL Turner II Patrick Meyfroidt Tobias Kuemmerle Daniel Müller Rinku Roy Chowdhury 《Journal of Land Use Science》2020,15(4):489-508
ABSTRACT Land system science and affiliated research linked to sustainability require improved understanding and theorization of land and its change as a social-ecological system (SES). The absence of a general land-use theory, anchored in the social subsystem but with explicit links to the environmental subsystem, hampers this effort. Drawing on land-use explanations, meta-analyses, and associated frameworks, we advance a broad framework structure of eight elements – aggregations of explanatory variables – with links to the biophysical subsystem, for systematic comparisons of extant explanations. Tests and models can be employed to identify which set of variables and their configurations provide robust explanations of across land uses, identifying the potential for theory development. The framework and its application are applicable to both top-down and bottom-up explanatory approaches employed in the social sciences. Links to the environmental subsystem invite future exploration of SES explanations that reach across the different dimensions of global change and sustainability science. 相似文献