雾霾天气预测中支持向量机的应用分析

支持向量机在对非线性复杂问题进行处理的过程中,展现出来的优势特征非常突出,本文针对雾霾天气预测中支持向量机的应用做出了进一步探究,对支持向量机的概念、支持向量机的基本思想、建立雾霾预测模型、预测试验给出了详细的分析。     

Application of Prevention through Design for hearing loss in the mining industry

INTRODUCTION: Overexposure to noise remains a widespread and serious health hazard in the U.S. service providing and goods producing industries. Excessive noise can lead to poor verbal communication and reduce the ability to recognize warning signals. These dangerous work conditions can also cause stress and fatigue. Occupational hearing loss is a permanent illness, with no recovery currently possible. METHOD: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has recognized Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) as one of the ten leading work-related diseases and injuries in the United States, and has emphasized its importance as one of the critical areas expressed in the National Occupational Research Agenda. RESULTS: One of the most serious noise problems in the goods producing industries is the operation of continuous mining machines during underground coal mining. In order to minimize occupational hearing loss, noise hazards are "designed out" early in the design process. NIOSH is leading a national initiative called Prevention through Design (PTD) to promote this concept. This paper describes the quiet-by-design approach of a noise control that reduced noise exposures of continuous mining machine operators by 3dB(A) using the four functional areas of PTD, namely Practice, Policy, Research, and Education.     

聚乙烯管热熔焊机技术现状分析

基于国内常见品牌聚乙烯管热熔焊机的性能检测结果,详尽地从焊机主要机械部件性能、温度与压力等焊接参数的控制,以及全自动热熔焊机的监控性能与焊口信息记录情况等方面分析了热熔焊机的技术现状。分析表明,热熔焊机普遍存在若干不容忽视的质量问题,其中许多为焊机质量不能满足国家标准要求。最后提出了提高焊机技术水平的措施。     

A global index of acoustic assessment of machines-results of experimental and simulation tests

A global index of machines was developed to assess noise emitted by machines and to predict noise levels at workstations. The global index is a function of several partial indices: sound power index, index of distance between the workstation and the machine, radiation directivity index, impulse and impact noise index and noise spectrum index. Tests were carried out to determine values of the global index for engine-generator; the inversion method for determining sound power level was used. It required modelling each tested generator with one omnidirectional substitute source. The partial indices and the global index were simulated, too. The results of the tests confirmed the correctness of the simulations.     

电焊机保护接地技术探究

探讨了电焊机在现行的五种电源制式下的保护接地(或保护接零)规则;分析了多台电焊机之间的保护接地(或保护接零)的互相连接问题,并特别指出了多台电焊机的保护接地(或保护接零)必须单独进行,实行并联连接;最后介绍了接地系统在选材、制作、改造和利用方面的技术要点。     

煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故演化的突变模型

煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故,从微观上看,是在瓦斯积聚、引火源和氧气浓度3个条件同时具备的情况下发生的,从宏观上看,是在生产活动中存在人的不安全行为和物的不安全状态导致了微观3条件的同时具备。笔者介绍了突变理论的基本原理;在轨迹交叉事故致因理论基础上,分析了瓦斯爆炸事故演化的非线性特征;建立了事故演化的尖点突变模型。并指出:事故演化是一个流变-突变过程,其突变的程度反映了事故的严重度;人的不安全行为是事故发生的主要因素;物的因素决定事故的严重度;安全生产必须建立本质安全型矿井,避免人和物的运动轨迹越过分歧点集。     

超载限制器在行车上的应用实践

冶金企业起重设备常常发生超负荷作业,极易造成事故。杭钢近年来在部分行车上安装了超载限制器,有效地防止了因超载而造成的事故。     

Algorithms for Increasing the Efficiency of Precision Production Operator’s Activities

To assess and plan future risk-analysis research projects, 275 documents describing methods and tools for assessing the risks associated with industrial machines or with other sectors such as the military, and the nuclear and aeronautics industries, etc., were collected. These documents were in the format of published books or papers, standards, technical guides and company procedures collected throughout industry. From the collected documents, 112 documents were selected for analysis; 108 methods applied or potentially applicable for assessing the risks associated with industrial machines were analyzed and classified. This paper presents the main quantitative results of the analysis of the methods and tools.     

Analysis and classification of the tools for assessing the risks associated with industrial machines.

To assess and plan future risk-analysis research projects, 275 documents describing methods and tools for assessing the risks associated with industrial machines or with other sectors such as the military, and the nuclear and aeronautics industries, etc., were collected. These documents were in the format of published books or papers, standards, technical guides and company procedures collected throughout industry. From the collected documents, 112 documents were selected for analysis; 108 methods applied or potentially applicable for assessing the risks associated with industrial machines were analyzed and classified. This paper presents the main quantitative results of the analysis of the methods and tools.     

Safety of stationary grinding machines – impact resistance of work zone enclosures

Guards on machine tools are intended to protect persons from being injured by parts ejected with high kinetic energy from the work zone of the machine. Stationary grinding machines are a typical example. Generally such machines are provided with abrasive product guards closely enveloping the grinding wheel. However, many machining tasks do not allow the use of abrasive product guards. In such cases, the work zone enclosure has to be dimensioned so that, in case of failure, grinding wheel fragments remain inside the machine’s working zone. To obtain data for the dimensioning of work zone enclosures on stationary grinding machines, which must be operated without an abrasive product guard, burst tests were conducted with vitrified grinding wheels. The studies show that, contrary to widely held opinion, narrower grinding wheels can be more critical concerning the impact resistance than wider wheels although their fragment energy is smaller.     

Analysis of noise pollution in an andesite quarry with the use of simulation studies and evaluation indices

This paper presents the verification of two partial indices proposed for the evaluation of continuous and impulse noise pollution in quarries. These indices, together with the sound power of machines index and the noise hazard index at the workstation, are components of the global index of assessment of noise hazard in the working environment of a quarry. This paper shows the results of acoustic tests carried out in an andesite quarry. Noise generated by machines and from performed blasting works was investigated. On the basis of acoustic measurements carried out in real conditions, the sound power levels of machines and the phenomenon of explosion were determined and, based on the results, three-dimensional models of acoustic noise propagation in the quarry were developed. To assess the degree of noise pollution in the area of the quarry, the continuous and impulse noise indices were used.     

选矿浮选电机烧坏原因分析

分析了浮选电机烧坏的原因,提出了防止电机烧坏的措施。     

矿井用箱体防爆面加工安全技术研究

箱体零件是矿井机械中重要的基础零件。它的加工质量直接关系矿井设备的寿命、机器的性能和安全性。针对煤矿井下煤尘和瓦斯存在的环境特性、煤矿井用箱体防爆面加工的特殊要求,采用控制理论的信息流图,对工艺过程中传统方块图进行简化,使繁杂的方块图解采用信息流图表示工艺过程的工序(变量)之间关系。进而讨论箱体零件加工工艺过程误差转换模型、形状精度特征、传递图、描述方程、误差转换结构图;提出防爆面磨削工艺系统的数学模型;求解出振动特性、幅值和相位,得出了形状误差与工艺参数的关系曲线。实践证明,合理选择磨削参数,能够保证煤矿井下工作机械具有高的防爆性能,达到矿井安全生产的技术要求。     

Hand-arm vibration disorder among grass-cutter workers in Malaysia

Introduction. Prolonged exposure to hand-transmitted vibration from grass-cutting machines has been associated with increasing occurrences of symptoms and signs of occupational diseases related to hand–arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out using an adopted HAVS questionnaire on hand–arm vibration exposure and symptoms distributed to 168 male workers from the grass and turf maintenance industry who use hand-held grass-cutting machines as part of their work. The prevalence ratio and symptom correlation to HAVS between high and low–moderate exposure risk groups were evaluated. Results. There were positive HAVS symptoms relationships between the low–moderate exposure group and the high exposure group among hand-held grass-cutting workers. The prevalence ratio was considered high because there were indicators that fingers turned white and felt numb, 3.63, 95% CI [1.41, 9.39] and 4.24, 95% CI [2.18, 8.27], respectively. Less than 14.3% of workers stated that they were aware of the occupational hand–arm vibration, and it seemed to be related to the finger blanching and numbness. Conclusion. The results suggest that HAVS is under-diagnosed in Malaysia, especially in the agricultural sectors. More information related to safety and health awareness programmes for HAVS exposure is required among hand-held grass-cutting workers.     

高压水射流清洗机具材料的防锈研究

高压水射流清洗设备和器材的主要零件,由于经常接触水和空气而产生锈蚀,这是一个比较普遍、简单而又是“老大难”的课题。主要零件的锈蚀,不仅降低其使用寿命,增加维修费用,还提高了操作成本,并且影响设备和器材的使用效率。结合工作实际,通过对常用防锈材料和工艺的分析,并与化学镀镍磷进行比较、试验以及工业化应用,指出了采用化学镀镍磷技术对主要零件进行处理,能改善其化学和物理性能,这是目前解决高压水射流清洗机具防锈蚀的好方法之一     

数控机床的人性化设计研究

人性化设计是工业设计研究中一个非常重要的课题,对人性的关怀是每个工业设计师不变的追求.在数控机床的设计中,设计师应以人机工程理论为指导,充分考虑如何让使用者掌握数控机床的操作,解决诸如程序设计、人机对话、心理负荷、故障诊断和处理、系统安全以及社会心理等问题.这是数控机床人性化设计的关键,也就是如何设计出和谐的人机系统,创造一种良好的人机互动.     

Certification of Highly Complex Safety-Related Systems

The BIA has now 15 years of experience with the certification of complex electronic systems for safety-related applications in the machinery sector. Using the example of machining centres, this presentation will show the systematic procedure for verifying and validating control systems using Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) and microcomputers for safety functions.

One section will describe the control structure of machining centres with control systems using “ integrated safety.” A diverse redundant architecture combined with crossmonitoring and forced dynamisation is explained. In the main section the steps of the systematic certification procedure are explained showing some results of the certification of drilling machines. Specification reviews, design reviews with test case specification, statistical analysis, and walk-throughs are the analytical measures in the testing process. Systematic tests based on the test case specification, Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) and environmental testing, and site acceptance tests on the machines are the testing measures for validation.

A complex software driven system is always undergoing modification. Most of the changes are not safety-relevant but this has to be proven. A systematic procedure for certifying software modifications is presented in the last section of the paper.     

无菌型小型饮水机试验研究

随着生活水平的提高,越来越多的家庭和办公室使用直饮水机.直饮水机通常通过活性炭或过滤纤维两种介质来去除自来水中的污染物以达到直饮的目的.在使用过程中,介质表面会生长大量细菌,造成生物学与感观的问题. 采用超声波这一新型物理技术,可抑制过滤介质上的细菌生长.通过大量重复实验,发现超声波可稳定地抑制过滤纤维和活性炭两种吸附介质上生长的菌体甚至原生动物.此外,由于超声波强化介质的吸附作用,超声波与活性炭同时处理较活性炭吸附可以更好地去除自来水中有机物;不同超声波频率下的实验进一步验证了超声波技术对活性炭吸附的强化作用.     

机械设备故障与事故管理

阐述机械加工企业机械设备的故障分类、原因、机理和管理方法，以及设备的事故管理和工伤事故经济损失。     

试论起重机械安全检查标准

根据起重机械可能发生的事故和特点，制定具体的检查标准，对于施工现场安全管理工作具有比较实际的指导意义。本文重点对起重机械特别是塔吊的安全检查，探讨了常规、特殊检查标准；年度、月度、日检查标准；塔吊的金属结构、机械、电气、液压系统等方面的检查标准。并介绍了简单的检查方法。