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以南京市为例,依托机动车环保监管数据库,根据国家机动车排放模型CVEM计算出黄标车主要污染物一氧化碳、碳氢化合物、氮氧化物及颗粒物的年排放量,并系统回顾了近年来为控制黄标车污染所采取的区域限行、淘汰奖补和治理改造等针对性管理措施,分析了政策实施的进展及成效,进一步明确了黄标车治理的必要性。 相似文献
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南京市机动车排气污染现状分析 总被引:12,自引:4,他引:8
阐述了南京市机动车发展现状、道路交通现状和机动车污染监测情况,对机动车排放因子、机动车污染、交通干线的污染物日排放特征、机动车源排放污染物的分担率以及机动车尾气污染物排放进行了分析和预测。指出南京市机动车污染状况必须采取有效措施加以控制,并提出了贯彻机动车尾气控制标准,完善污染控制管理机制;重点控制公交、出租和专业物流的机动车污染;严格控制车用油品质量;建立车辆污染数据库;加快道路建设,运用交通综合管理制度削减污染;实施保护区和控制区管理以及实施机动车标志管理等合理化建议。 相似文献
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南京市机动车排气污染控制和管理对策 总被引:11,自引:6,他引:5
刘继明 《环境监测管理与技术》2004,16(2):14-17
简述了南京市机动车排气污染控制和管理对策。对新机动车排气控制实施了新车上牌的环保注册登记目录制,鼓励生产厂家采用先进的排放控制技术,达到国家制定的排放控制目标和排放标准;对在用机动车排气控制实施检测/维护(I/M)制度,对尾气排放不达标车辆进行正常的维修和保养,保证其发动机处于正常技术状况;对高排放污染机动车辆,安装尾气净化装置,以改善机动车排放水平。定期检测中各类型车辆维护前后排气污染物削减结果表明,85%的高排放污染车辆能达标,且CO的削减率最高,达50%左右;定期检测中各类型车辆安装机内净化器前后排气污染物削减结果表明,二次补气机内净化器对CO的净化率为22.5%~30.0%,对HC的净化率为9.7%~30.0%;高能电子点火机内净化器对CO的净化率为5.4%~22.2%,对HC的净化率为17.2%~30.8%。不定期检测中,一些高排放污染车辆安装三元催化反应器后,其净化率可达80%~90%。 相似文献
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建立深圳市机动车氮氧化物排放因子初探 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
针对国内机动车排放因子研究处于起步阶段的实际情况,因地制宜地确定了深圳市当地的机动车氮氧化物排放因子研究技术路线,通过大量的调研、实测建立深圳市道路和联片建成区机动车氮氧化物排放因子,为深圳市机动车排气污染研究和控制提供了参数. 相似文献
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城市机动车尾气污染与控制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了城市机动车保有量持续上升,城市地区的大气污染向机动车尾气型污染转化,光化学烟雾发生的机率增大的情况及控制机动车尾气污染的几种途径。 相似文献
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周海茵 《环境监测管理与技术》2009,21(2):8-11
简述了南京市机动车污染现状,分析了目前机动车污染防治规章在实施过程中存在的问题。借鉴国内其他城市机动车污染防治相关法规的规定及其成功经验,提出应建立部门联动机制,加强尾气执法监管,强化定期检测和监督抽测,确保达标排放,启动环保标志管理,积极推进区域限行,完善管理手段,逐步淘汰高污染车辆,建立信息平台,加强对在用车维修治理工作的监管。 相似文献
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《环境监测管理与技术》2008,20(1):47-47
19辆机动车尾气激光遥感监测车近日投入到北京市18个区县和经济技术开发区的控制机动车污染工作中。据北京市环保局副局长杜少中介绍,激光遥感监测机动车尾气排放技术的应用,提升了全市对机动车污染排放的监测能力,使北京在全国率先实现了对上路行驶机动车尾气排放的大规模动态监测。 相似文献
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蔡东倩 《环境监测管理与技术》2000,12(6):42-43
随着苏州市社会经济的高速发展 ,特别是工业园区和新区的崛起 ,全市各类机动车辆迅猛增加 ,而由此带来的交通污染问题亦日益严重。了解和掌握市区交通污染现状及机动车尾气的危害已成为政府和群众迫切关心的问题 ,控制交通污染也成为环境保护工作的当务之急。现通过对苏州市区交通污染现状的评价 ,分析机动车尾气污染的危害并提出相应的控制对策。1 苏州市区交通污染现状1 1 市区机动车现状苏州市机动车保有量增长迅速 ,尤其是进入 90年代以来 ,年递增率达 2 6 4% ,至 1 997年底 ,市区机动车保有量已达 7 8万辆 (不包括约 6 5万辆燃油助… 相似文献
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道路机动车活动水平调查及其污染物排放测算应用——上海案例研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用上海市车辆数据和机动车年检站实地调查方式获取车辆技术及分布,用GPS设备采集机动车行驶工况,通过交通流量录像的现场计数的方法获得道路车流分布。调查结果显示,在用汽车排放水平85%以上都达到或超过国Ⅱ标准;在低速、怠速工况区间内,社会车辆的比功率比例最低;道路轻型客车(含出租车)日平均车流量占总车流量的80%以上。机动车活动水平的详细调查将有助于上海实际道路机动车排放清单的精确计算,并获取主要的排放源及其影响因素。 相似文献
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Sánchez-Ccoyllo OR Ynoue RY Martins LD Astolfo R Miranda RM Freitas ED Borges AS Fornaro A Freitas H Moreira A Andrade MF 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,149(1-4):241-249
In the metropolitan area of S?o Paulo, Brazil, ozone and particulate matter (PM) are the air pollutants that pose the greatest threat to air quality, since the PM and the ozone precursors (nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds) are the main source of air pollution from vehicular emissions. Vehicular emissions can be measured inside road tunnels, and those measurements can provide information about emission factors of in-use vehicles. Emission factors are used to estimate vehicular emissions and are described as the amount of species emitted per vehicle distance driven or per volume of fuel consumed. This study presents emission factor data for fine particles, coarse particles, inhalable particulate matter and black carbon, as well as size distribution data for inhalable particulate matter, as measured in March and May of 2004, respectively, in the Janio Quadros and Maria Maluf road tunnels, both located in S?o Paulo. The Janio Quadros tunnel carries mainly light-duty vehicles, whereas the Maria Maluf tunnel carries light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles. In the Janio Quadros tunnel, the estimated light-duty vehicle emission factors for the trace elements copper and bromine were 261 and 220 microg km(-1), respectively, and 16, 197, 127 and 92 mg km(-1), respectively, for black carbon, inhalable particulate matter, coarse particles and fine particles. The mean contribution of heavy-duty vehicles to the emissions of black carbon, inhalable particulate matter, coarse particles and fine particles was, respectively 29, 4, 6 and 6 times higher than that of light-duty vehicles. The inhalable particulate matter emission factor for heavy-duty vehicles was 1.2 times higher than that found during dynamometer testing. In general, the particle emissions in S?o Paulo tunnels are higher than those found in other cities of the world. 相似文献
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An innovative approach of mean emission by vehicle type was used in this paper to assess the impact of new vehicle emission
standards in Beijing, China during the period of 2000–2005. It was found that CO and NOx emissions decreased by 48% and 23%, respectively, from Type O (before 2000) to Type I (year 2000) vehicles. The reductions
from Type O to Type II (year 2002) vehicles were 85% and 73% for CO and NOx, respectively. When all three types of vehicles (Types O, I and II) are combined, the annual per vehicle CO emissions decreased
from 586 kg per vehicle per year in 2000 to 324 kg per vehicle per year in 2005, while that of NOx decreased from 66.9 to 43.4 kg per vehicle per year, which was mainly resulted from the impact of stringent new vehicle emission
standards implemented in years 2000 and 2002. However, the vehicle population increased by 70% during the same time period,
which offset the impact of cleaner vehicles. Thus, the total vehicle emission decreased little for CO (885,000 tons in 2000,
837,000 tons in 2005) and even increased slightly for NOx (101,000 and 112,000 tons in 2000 and 2005, respectively). The ambient concentrations of CO decreased significantly throughout
2000–2005, the same trend was not observed for NO2. Correlation analysis (grey correlation and Pearson correlation) between the annual vehicle emissions and annual concentrations
of CO, the annual NOx emission and annual NO2 concentration indicated that the implementation of new vehicle emission standards was associated with the abatement of ambient
CO and NO2 concentrations in Beijing. 相似文献
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A developed instantaneous emission model is applied to predict emission factors for small vehicle fleets for quality assessment.
Extensive vehicle measurements of pre-Euro-1 gasoline, Euro-3 gasoline, and Euro-2 diesel vehicles are available. The data
were used to develop individual vehicle emission models for each car. The prediction quality for each vehicle category was
determined by averaging the results obtained from the individual vehicle models. The results show that the prediction quality
is improved in comparison with the individual vehicles, even with a small number of vehicles in a specific category. This
indicates that the errors in the individual models are mainly random and that prediction quality, when applied to fleets of
cars, is exceptionally high. 相似文献
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不同类型机动车尾气挥发性有机化合物排放特征研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
机动车尾气主要成分包括一氧化碳、氮氧化物、碳氢化合物、铅及苯并[a]芘等.其中,挥发性有机化合物由于其对光化学烟雾的贡献及对人体健康的影响而成为近年来大气化学研究的热点.文章首次对北京市9种车辆、5种燃料在不同工况下排放挥发性有机化合物特征进行了定量研究.结果表明,车型、燃料、净化器及工况等因素对排放量产生影响,电喷车比化油器车排放低,其中,夏利比富康与奥迪排放量高;LPG与汽油车排放量最高,柴油车与CNG车排放最低.其中,-10#柴油车比0#柴油车排放更低;使用净化器可以降低挥发性有机化合物排放量;不同工况对排放量的影响随车型、燃料类型的不同而不同.因此,使用清洁燃料、安装净化器和使用电喷装置,可减少尾气中挥发性有机化合物含量. 相似文献
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烟气连续监测系统的相对准确度检测 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
阐述了HJ/T76—2001《固定污染源排放烟气连续监测系统技术要求及检测方法》标准中烟气连续监测系统的相对准确度计算和相对准确度计算中存在的问题。对存在问题中的重复性或复现性的假设、B类不确定度的忽略、标准分析方法平均值的采用和偏差检验进行了探讨。 相似文献