电子设备太阳辐射模拟试验分析与探讨

阐述了太阳辐射对电子产品的影响,介绍了试验的种类和进行选择的标准,重点分析了日辐射强度及其谱能分布、试验温度、湿度和风速等基本参数的确定依据和有关试验技术,并对太阳辐射试验模拟设备的研制提出设计要求,为我国自行研制非标环境试验设备提供了依据.     

汽车模拟日照太阳辐射试验设备研制

本文根据汽车整车太阳辐射试验的要求，介绍了自主设计的基于红外线灯泡阵列的无紫外线汽车模拟太阳辐射试验设备的总体方案，并重点讨论了在光源、电气控制等各方面的设计思路及具体实现过程。     

移动式太阳辐射热效应系统的设计与应用

GJB 150.7A-2009 《军用装备实验室环境试验方法第7部分:太阳辐射试验》规定了军用装备实验室太阳辐射试验的试验要求和试验过程。针对于此标准的要求,本文设计出一款易拆装、可灵活移动的新型移动式太阳辐射热效应试验系统。该系统由步入式高低温实验室、光照度监控系统和整车红外加热系统组成。不仅能满足GJB 150.7A-2009 《军用装备实验室环境试验方法第7部分:太阳辐射试验》第4.3.3.1条款"程序Ⅰ"的试验要求还兼顾汽车主机厂的企业标准,如东风汽车等。     

砂尘一体化环境试验系统的设计及研制

本文对自行研制的砂尘一体化试验系统进行了介绍。设备研制中对基于文丘里原理的加砂/尘试验系统和自动监控除湿试验系统进行了详细说明,同时根据环境试验要求,指出了该试验设备研制过程中所遇到的加砂方式优化、温度调控、砂/尘浓度的测量与控制以及吹砂吹尘合一等技术难点,并给出了相应的解决途径。该试验系统研制成功,为考核装备的环境适应性和产品可靠性提供了科学的试验手段。     

环境试验及其应用综述

介绍了环境试验的目的、作用及其分类，论述了环境试验基本概念及在军用装备采办过程各个阶段的应用，最后指出了环境试验的重点应放在早期研制阶段，以利于节省费用和保证研制进度。     

汽车仪表板IP/DP箱自然加速试验研究

本文通过汽车仪表板的自然暴露试验及自然加速试验,对跟踪式IP/DP箱试验箱内环境严酷度、汽车仪表板IP/DP箱试验的加速试验效果进行了研究与分析。研究结果表明,跟踪式IP/DP箱试验具有更高的环境严酷度,箱内太阳辐射、温度及综合环境作用均高于自然暴露试验,仪表板IP/DP箱试验的时间加速效果约为自然暴露试验的1.67倍,太阳辐射加速效果约为1.73倍,TNR综合环境作用加速效果约为2.00倍。     

电子产品环境试验概述

电子产品环境试验是将产品置于典型的自然或人工环境条件下，用以鉴定产品在运输、贮存和使用中的环境适应性。环境试验在产品研制和生产各个阶段得到了广泛的应用，了解环境试验对设计人员和试验人员有着重要的作用。文中着重介绍了环境试验的分类与试验项目、环境试验的顺序的选择、环境试验的实施及国内环境试验存在的问题与建议。     

产品研制中的环境试验应用考虑

本文介绍了在产品研发和生产过程中如何有效地规划环境试验，讨论了如何在产品研制过程中的合适阶段选择合适的环境试验项目及试验要求。     

国内外气候环境试验方法的现状与发展动向

电工电子产品的气候环境试验日显重要.IEC已出版了一套较完整的试验方法标准.本文就国内外的温度试验、湿热试验、腐蚀试验、太阳辐射试验、低气压试验和综合试验等方法进行扼要分析和比较,并对今后气候环境试验研究工作,提出几点建议.     

航天器研制中的环境试验及其发展趋势(上)

航天器是一类十分特殊的高科技产品，在它寿命期间所经受的环境十分复杂和多样化。环境试验是验证航天器设计和制造质量的主要和经济有效的手段。有其特殊的一套试验理论和做法。本文介绍了在航天器研制过程中环境试验的应用和试验的主要类型。并介绍了21世纪航天器环境试验的发展趋势。     

Thermal Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) Systems: A Parametric Study

Conventional solar photovoltaic (PV) module converts the light component of solar radiation into electrical power, and heat part is absorbed by module increasing its operating temperature. Combined PV module and heat exchanger generating both electrical and thermal powers is called as hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar system. The paper presents the design of a PV/T collector, made with thin film PV technology and a spiral flow absorber, and a simulation model, developed through the system of several mathematical equations, to evaluate the performance of PV/T water collectors. The effect of various parameters on the thermal and electrical efficiency has been investigated to obtain optimum combination of parameters. Finally, a numerical simulation has been carried out for the daily and annual yield of the proposed PV/T collector, and comparison with a standard PV module is discussed.     

几种涂层氙弧灯光老化试验加速性研究

太阳辐射是引起有机材料老化的最主要原因,实验室氙弧灯光老化试验具有较高的加速性。本文通过对有机涂层在广州试验站自然暴露试验结果以及实验室氙弧灯光老化试验结果进行对比研究,得到3种常用有机防护涂层的加速倍数,对于1#、2#样品的加速倍数为9,3#样品的加速倍数为6。     

A solar hybrid thermoelectric generator and distillation system

A solar still of a single basin-slope coupled with a finned condensing chamber and installed thermoelectric modules at the bottom of the water basin has been presented in this paper. A mathematical model under steady state conditions has been introduced and improved to investigate the system performance. An increase of solar radiation and ambient temperature or a decrease in wind velocity affect positively the distillation rate, the still efficiency, and the system efficiency. Integrating a condenser and finned condenser increases the distillation rate of the proposed system. The results of the simulation have been verified by comparing them with published theoretical and experimental results, and the comparison shows very good agreement.     

The Design of a New Energy-conservation Type Solar-powered Lighting System Using a High‐pressure Sodium Lamp

This study designs and applies a new energy-conservation type solar-powered lighting system using a high-pressure sodium lamp to areas not having any utility company's electricity. The proposed system uses a zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) DC/DC converter in the batteries’ charge circuit to reduce the switching loss for a higher charging efficiency. Said system also adopts the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to maximize the solar panels’ photovoltaic conversion capability. When dark, the batteries in the proposed system will discharge, with a raised voltage, through a push-pull DC/DC converter; said voltage, as the input voltage of the series-parallel resonant inverter, will be regulated to dim the lamp. To enable the efficient usage of the batteries’ stored energy capacity, this control scheme of the proposed system may adjust the night-time discharge time lengths, according to season difference, and compute the usable capacity for the load, according to the batteries’ charged voltage, so as to select a suitable pre-scheduled light-dimming curve for the lamp to achieve energy conservation for the batteries and continuity in lighting when dark.     

Comparison of the daily global solar radiation from different data sources in Northwest China climate

The solar radiation data are of high importance to the solar energy systems. Conventional methods to obtain the solar radiation data are from weather stations, solar radiation models, commercial software databases, and field measurements. In the present study, a new daily global solar radiation model is proposed, by combining the quadratic function of sunshine fraction and sine function of the day of the year. The solar radiation model calculated data are then compared with China Meteorological Data Sharing System (CMDSS) data, TRNSYS data, and field-measured data in Northwest China climate. It is found that the newly proposed solar radiation model has better performance than the other nine solar radiation models in the literature. The solar radiation model calculated data fit well with the CMDSS annually average data. The TRNSYS data are a bit larger than the CMDSS annually average data in summer half year and a little smaller than those in winter half year. The solar radiation model and the CMDSS annually average data have the best correlation, whereas the TRNSYS data and the field-measured data have the worst correlation. The solar radiation model calculated data have the best correlation with the other three data sources.     

Modeling urban solar energy with high spatiotemporal resolution: A case study in Toronto,Canada

This research presents a method to determine the maximum potential for the capturing of solar radiation on the rooftop of buildings in an urban environment. This involves the modeling of solar energy potential and comparison to historical building energy demand profiles through the use of 3-D solar simulation software tools and geographic information systems (GIS). The objective is to accurately identify the amount of surface area that is suitable for solar photovoltaic (PV) installations and to estimate the hourly PV electricity generation potential of existing building rooftops in an urban environment. This study demonstrates a viable approach for modeling urban solar energy and offers valuable information for electricity distributors, policy makers, and urban energy planners to facilitate the substantial design of a green built environment. The developed methodology is comprised of three main sections: (1) determination of suitable rooftop area, (2) determination of the amount of incident solar radiation available per rooftop, and (3) estimation of hourly solar PV electricity generation potential. A case study was performed using this method for Ryerson University, located in Toronto, Canada. It was found that solar PV could supply up to 19% of the study area’s electricity demands during peak consumption hours. The potential benefits of solar PV was also estimated based upon hourly greenhouse gas emission intensity factors as well as Time-of-Use (TOU) savings through the Ontario Feed-in-Tariff (FIT) program, which allows for better representation of the positive impacts of solar technologies.     

A simple method for partitioning total solar radiation into diffuse/direct components in the United States

Solar radiation is a major sustainable and clean energy resource, and use of solar radiation is expected to increase. The utilization efficiency of solar energy varies with the relative proportions of the direct and diffuse components that compose total solar radiation and with the slope and aspect of the irradiated surface. The purpose of this paper is to develop a simple method for estimating diffuse and direct solar radiation at sites with observation of only total solar radiation. An existing model for estimating diffuse radiation, i.e., a linear relationship between the diffuse fraction (the ratio of diffuse radiation to total solar radiation) and the clearness index (the ratio of total solar radiation to extraterrestrial radiation), is applied to 7 sites across the continental United States with observations of diffuse and total radiation. The linear model shows good monthly performance. The model parameters (slope and interception) show a strong seasonal pattern that exhibits small variation across the 7 sites; therefore, the average values of the two monthly parameters may be used for estimating diffuse radiation for other locations with observations of total radiation.     

非金属材料的氙灯曝露试验概述

氙灯曝露试验是非金属材料的耐候性和耐光性测试的主要方法之一,本文着重介绍了氙灯曝露试验的原理、试验条件在当前的氙灯曝露试验设备上的物理实现、主要的氙灯试验标准以及氙灯曝露试验应考虑的因素.