生态行政浅析

生态行政学是20世纪90年代兴起的一门行政学分支学科，学术界常常将其与行政生态学相混同。本文试图通过对生态行政的发展历史、理论渊源、定义、基本内涵进行阐述，使其区别于行政生态学，希望能够对生态行政学科的建立有所益处。     

城市景观生态规划:生态基础设施建设与人文生态设计--以常州市为例

城市景观生态规划是景观生态学研完的领域之一，随着城市环境问题的出现，以及人们需求的提高，用景观生态设计理念来解决城市资源、环境和发展问题已成为当今社会的一个重要课题。本文以常州市为例，探讨以“生态基础设施建设”与“人文生态设计”为重要控制点的城市景观生态规划之路。     

生态工业园的一体化水资源网络模型研究

工业生态学是近年来环境管理领域新的研究热点,以其为理论指导的生态工业园也在世界很多国家得到了快速发展。本文介绍了工业生态学和生态工业园的相关概念和应用,阐述了生态工业园中水生态系统的目标和要求,并在此基础上提出了生态工业园的一体化水资源网络模型,以期对生态工业园的规划建设和水资源管理提供参考。     

生态产品价值实现的理论研究与实践进展

生态产品价值实现是推动“绿水青山”向“金山银山”转化的关键路径，近年来成为研究习近平生态文明思想的热点领域。本文就生态产品价值的内涵理解、实现机理、主要路径及具体实践模式，梳理了近年来国内学者的研究成果，并在此基础上总结与分析，指出存在的问题、提出相关建议。对生态产品价值的理解，目前国内学者从早期的分歧已逐步形成统一的认识，即生态产品本质上是人类从自然生态系统中直接或间接获取的物质和服务的总称，其价值来自生态系统服务价值。生态产品价值实现则是其存在价值通过各种路径被人类消费或使用，最终转化为经济收益或是民生福祉的过程。生态产品价值实现的基本路径主要包括产业发展、市场交易、金融扶持、政府调控和社会参与5种方式，国内目前的实践案例则可以归类为15种模式。但各地在实践过程中也面临生态产品识别边界不清晰、生态产品价值实现机理认识不统一、配套机制不完善以及路径模式创新与实践不够等问题，后续应加快建立生态产品调查统计与评估核算方法体系、完善自然资源产权制度、加强实践模式创新与推广应用。     

英国正规教育中的环境教育概况

从世界范围来看，在正规教育中，环境教育还是一个相对较新的领域。“环境教育”这一术语是1920年苏格兰植物学家PatrickGeddes（1854～1933年）首次将“环境”与“教育”两词并列使用后才出现的。而国际上则是在1948年巴黎召开的联合国大会上首次正式使用它的。英国可谓是世界上环境教育工作开展得比较成功的具有代表性的国家之一。一、英国环境教育的开端与发展“环境教育”一词在英国第一次使用并受到重视始于1965年，其标志是英国高等学校的研究领域开始涉及环境教育研究；到了1971年，环境教育就开始走入初级与高级中学的教学中，并且…     

贵州产业园区生态化发展结构模型研究

产业生态学是近年来产业经济领域研究的热点,以其为理论指导的生态产业园区在世界很多国家得到了快速发展.介绍了生态产业园的内涵,以贵州为个案,对生态产业园发展的驱动力和基本原则进行了阐述,构建出产业园生态经济系统结构模型,以期对相关决策部门提供有益参考.     

新疆生态损失与自然利用评价

本文以新疆生态损失结果为依据，论述了自然利用与生态效应的关系，用生态学观．点解释了生态损失的含义，并对生态损失特征和自然利用的关系进行了论述。     

生态小区特征和指标体系探讨

保护和建设生态小区，推行生态细胞工程是自然生态工作的有力补充。对于目前出现的许多生态小区，中国尚无一套正式通用的生态小区考评指标体系。本文从生态学的角度出发，探讨了生态小区的概念、内涵与其特征，并以此为基础，提出了生态小区的考评指标体系，希望以此引导四川省生态小区的创建活动。     

走在生态文明建设前列的滕头村——浙江奉化"生态滕头"的调查

运用生态学规律，建设生态文明，打造自然资本，发展循环经济是根本。滕头村在自身发展过程中，已经形成了独特的“生态农业模式”。“生态滕头”的实质就是“经济GDP、绿色GDP、人文GDP”的同步提升，人与自然的和谐发展。政策保障方面，强化生态保护的发展规划、政策的落实；强化生态服务体系建设；强化执法力度，完善激励政策；深化政府考核管理改革等。     

恢复生态学研究的一些基本问题探讨

对恢复生态学的研究概况、基本概念、内涵与研究内容以及生态恢复的目标、原则、程序与技术进行了分析与探讨，指出恢复生态学应加强基础理论研究和应用技术研究。生态恢复与重建是指根据生态学原理，通过一定的生物、生态和工程技术，人为地切断生态系统退化的主导因子和过程，调整和优化系统内部及其与外界的物质、能量和信息的流动过程及其时空秩序，使生态系统的结构、功能和生态学潜力尽快成功地恢复到原有的乃至更高水平。     

Strategic minerals: A conceptual analysis

‘Strategic minerals’ is an ambiguous term. The objective of this article is to explore the major and competing usages of this essentially contested concept, with particular attention being paid to the relevant usages for both scholarly and policy-making purposes. The author examines two opposing definitional tendencies, which he labels ‘restrictionist’ and ‘broad-interpretationist’, and concludes that despite great merit in the arguments of those who would restrict the usage of the term strategic minerals, the concept itself will continue to be interpreted differently by minerals analysts.     

Recovery processes in lotic ecosystems: Limits of successional theory

The concept of succession has a distinguished history in general ecology and has been applied to stream ecosystems with some success. Succession in streams is largely secondary, follows initial floristics models, and occurs through a variety of mechanisms. The process is moderately predictable but is highly influenced by “climatic” factors, particularly nutrient chemistry. In desert streams, succession does not result in a climax state. While evidence is slim, succession may not be a significant process in streams of certain types or in certain regions. Successional theory is difficult to apply in spatially heterogeneous, hierarchically organized ecosystems. It also suffers in being only one component of a better integrated concept, that of ecosystem stability, which deals more directly with disturbance and ecosystem resistance in addition to resilience (which encompasses succession). Succession has so suffered from a half century of confusion that a strong case can be made for abandoning the term, at least as it applies in streams, in favor of the broader view provided by stability theory.     

构建适应新国土空间规划的流域空间管控体系

优化空间格局、强化空间管控是我国新时期生态环境保护及资源开发利用顶层设计的一项重要战略任务。近年来，《生态文明体制改革总体方案》《关于建立国土空间规划体系并监督实施的若干意见》等一系列文件，明确提出在国土空间规划中强化生态文明建设理念传导、落实多规合一、突出用途管制等重大调整。流域水生态环境空间管控体系亟须转型，适应国土空间规划体系改革调整等带来的新形势、新要求。本文在详细梳理流域水生态环境空间管控体系演变历程的基础上，深入分析新时期形势和要求，进一步扩充完善了原有体系：创新水功能区、控制单元的功能定位，突出流域完整性与系统性，初步提出了包含全国—流域—水功能区—控制单元—行政区划的空间分区构想；细化设计了统筹水资源、水生态、水环境的目标指标体系；明确了突出功能用途的生态环境管控措施和责任落实体系，为下一步流域水生态环境空间管理政策顶层设计提供决策参考。     

Can We Manage for Resilience? The Integration of Resilience Thinking into Natural Resource Management in the United States

The concept of resilience is now frequently invoked by natural resource agencies in the US. This reflects growing trends within ecology, conservation biology, and other disciplines acknowledging that social–ecological systems require management approaches recognizing their complexity. In this paper, we examine the concept of resilience and the manner in which some legal and regulatory frameworks governing federal natural resource agencies have difficulty accommodating it. We then use the U.S. Forest Service’s employment of resilience as an illustration of the challenges ahead.     

论预防性环境民事公益诉讼中"重大风险"的司法认定

针对"具有损害社会公共利益重大风险的污染环境、破坏生态行为"提起的民事公益诉讼是为预防性环境民事公益诉讼,有助于将预防为主环保原则落实于诉讼程序.但在司法实践中,作为核心要素的"重大风险"仍存在内涵模糊、认定主体错位、认定路径不清等认定困境.为此,应逐一做以下完善:通过界定基础对象和划定程度要求,进而明确内涵;矫正认定主体,澄清法院是唯一决定性认定主体,但同时为行政机关和专家辅助认定设计制度渠道;最后,还应适宜地构建具体认定路径.     

塔里木河流域水资源利用与生态农业发展

从生态学角度分析塔里木河流域丰富的自然资源条件与恶劣的气候条件之间的突出矛盾,得出水资源的占有和利用是流域生态改善和农业发展之储多要素中最大限制因子的结论,从而决定了农业发展的根本出路是发展生态农业。必须根据生态脆弱指数采取有力措施保证生态用水;只有因地制宜地建立高效输水、灌溉节水、结构科学、布局合理、资源配置优化、整体功能强的高产优质高效的良性循环的农业生产模式,才能切实有地促进自然生态与生态农业的持续、协调发展。     

The problem of scale in community resource management

Scale is a fundamental variable in most community resource management programs. This is true both in terms of scale as a management concept (i.e., local, regional, and national level management) as well as a mapping concept (i.e., units on the map per unit on the ground). Julian Steward, the father of human ecology, recognized as early as 1950 that social scientists have failed to develop methods for incorporating the effect of scale in their work. This article seeks to determine whether methods used in plant and animal ecology for assessing the effects of scale are applicable to community resource management. The article reviews hierarchy theory and multiple scales, two methods (one theoretical and the other practical) for dealing with problems that span many scales. The application of these methods to community resource management programs is examined by way of an example.     

新形势下输油企业安全管理模式探究

输油企业因其储存和输送介质是易燃、易爆的油品,一旦发生事故,造成的损失和社会影响极大,因此,输油站库、管道的安全管理问题已经引起了国家、行业相关部门的高度重视。当前企业在管理方面还存在不法分子打孔盗油、因管道使用年限长引发的泄漏风险、安全管理人员能力有限等问题,本文就借鉴农村“责任田”的思维,介绍本企业在管理中探索形成的管道输油企业“一分两控”安全管理模式,共同探索管理经验,不断提高站库安全管理和管道的泄漏防控水平。     

生态环境监测及其在我国的发展

生态环境监测是环境监测中一个全新的概念，是环境生态建设的技术保证和支持体系。本文对生态环境监测的基本概念和原则、任务及特点、生态环境指标的建立、生态监别技术和方法、生态变化趋势预测预报等进行了介绍，并结合我国在生态环境监测方面所开展的工作提出今后工作的一些设想和展望。     

New view of environmental health: Toward an environmental research policy for international strategies

We are witnessing a growing concern with the global dimension of many environmental issues, reflected in the increase in the number and significance of international environmental organizations. Yet there is no internationally applicable strategy for environmental research which is management oriented. A new type of research policy, which integrates ideas derived from environmental and human ecology, is required in order to deal with cultural and ecological diversity and their interactions as reflected in the ecology of landscapes. The newly defined concept of environmental health is proposed to fill this gap. This concept integrates the latest developments in landscape evolutionary ecology and environmental health, bringing out a conflict between making the environment conducive to human health and increasing the available options for supporting the essential biological and ecological processes of the environment. Lessons derived from the evolution of human environments are used in order to illustrate how health may become un umbrella for developing an environmental research policy, which could also serve as a catalyst for international environmental projects.