Emission study of a diesel engine fueled with higher alcohol-biodiesel blended fuels

This work examines the effect of butanol (higher alcohol) on the emission pattern of neat neem oil biodiesel (NBD100) fueled diesel engine. Single-cylinder, 4-stroke, research diesel engine was employed to conduct the trial. Blends comprising the mixture of biodiesel and higher alcohol were prepared by employing an ultrasonic agitator. Four test fuels such as neat neem oil biodiesel, diesel, and two blends of higher alcohol/neem oil biodiesel: 10% and 20% (by volume). Experimental result showed that increasing alcohol content to biodiesel brought down the various emissions such as Smoke, NO_x, HC, and CO by 6.8%, 10.4%, 8.6%, and 5.9%, respectively, at all loads. It was also concluded from the trail that a 20% higher alcohol/neem oil biodiesel blends show the promising signs in reducing all the emissions associated with biodiesel fuelled diesel engine.     

Experimental investigation of performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using Jatropha biodiesel with alumina nanoparticles

Biodiesels have come up as a very strong alternative for diesel fuel. Biodiesels such as Jatropha Oil Methyl Ester (JOME) are comparable in performance with that of the diesel engine. The thermal efficiency of engines fuelled with biodiesels was found lower than conventional diesel fuel but due to the bio-origin, the emission characteristics are much better. However, biodiesel increases the NOx emissions as these are rich in oxygen, hence nanoparticles are used in this experiment to curb the high temperatures and reduce the NOx formation. The experiment on naturally aspired diesel engine was conducted with four prepared test fuels other than neat diesel and neat biodiesel. The 50 and 150 of alumina nanoparticles were added separately to the pure diesel and pure Jatropha biodiesel to form the nano emulsions using ultrasonicator. The properties of nanoemulsion were evaluated using dynamic light scattering technique using zetasizer. The performance and emission characteristics of multi-cylinder diesel engine with these nanoemulsions were compared with that of neat fuels. The results showed that using nanoparticles with diesel and biodiesel can contribute in a more efficient, economical, and eco-friendly engine operation.     

Investigation effect of hydrogen addition on the performance and exhaust emissions of Pongamia pinnata biodiesel fueled compression ignition engine

In the recent decades, the energy demand for transport and industrial sector has increased considerably. Fossil fuels which were the major fuel source for decades are no more sustainable. Biodiesel is an efficient alternative compared to depleting fossil fuels. The prospect of biodiesel as the best alternative fuel is a reliable source compared to depleting fossil fuels. Hydrogen is also considered as an attractive alternative fuel producing low emission with improved engine performance. This paper investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder compression ignition engine using hydrogen as an inducted fuel and biodiesel, aka Pongamia pinnata as injected fuel. The experiments are conducted for different quantities of hydrogen induction through the intake manifold in order to improve the performance of the engine. The performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, exhaust temperature and emission quantities like HC, NO_X, CO, CO₂ of biodiesel fueled CI engine with variable mass flow rate of hydrogen are investigated. The performances of biodiesel combined with hydrogen at varying mass flow rates are also compared. The 10 LPM hydrogen induction with biodiesel provided 0.33% increase of brake thermal efficiency compared with diesel and increase of 3.24% to biodiesel at 80% loading conditions. The emission of HC decreased by 13 ppm, CO decreased by 0.02% by volume and CO₂ decreased by 3.8% by volume for biodiesel with induction of hydrogen at 10 LPM to that of neat biodiesel for 80% load conditions.     

Automated energy management in distributed electricity systems: An EEPOS approach

The increasing capacity of distributed electricity generation brings new challenges in maintaining a high security and quality of electricity supply. New techniques are required for grid support and power balance. The highest potential for these techniques is to be found on the part of the electricity distribution grid.

This article addresses this potential and presents the EEPOS project’s approach to the automated management of flexible electrical loads in neighborhoods. The management goals are (i) maximum utilization of distributed generation in the local grid, (ii) peak load shaving/congestion management, and (iii) reduction of electricity distribution losses. Contribution to the power balance is considered by applying two-tariff pricing for electricity.

The presented approach to energy management is tested in a hypothetical sensitivity analysis of a distribution feeder with 10 households and 10 photovoltaic (PV) plants with an average daily consumption of electricity of 4.54 kWh per household and a peak PV panel output of 0.38 kW per plant. Energy management shows efficient performance at relatively low capacities of flexible load. At a flexible load capacity of 2.5% (of the average daily electricity consumption), PV generation surplus is compensated by 34–100% depending on solar irradiance. Peak load is reduced by 30% on average. The article also presents the load shifting effect on electricity distribution losses and electricity costs for the grid user.     

Clove as antioxidant additive in diesel–biodiesel fuel blends in diesel engines

Increased NOx emission from usage of biodiesel is a burning issue to be dealt with. Many techniques have been adopted to reduce NOx emissions from diesel engines. The present experimental study deals with the analysis of performance and emission characteristics of Cotton Seed oil biodiesel with the addition of natural antioxidant extract of clove. FTIR analysis characterized the antioxidant by the presence of hydroxyl groups denoted by the corresponding wave number. The oxidation stability of the test samples was determined in terms of induction period by means of Rancimat test. The induction periods of the test fuel samples B100, B20, B20+CL1000, and B20+CL2000 were found to be 2.20 h, 2.73 h, 10.19 h, and 11.12 h, respectively. Thus, the addition of Clove antioxidant increased the oxidation stability of the biodiesel. Results show that the addition of antioxidant to biodiesel blend has increased the Brake Thermal Efficiency to a maximum of 4.71% and decreased the Brake Specific Fuel Consumption to a maximum of 6.25% at full-load conditions compared to Cotton Seed biodiesel blend. The addition of Clove extract antioxidant at a concentration of 1000 ppm and 2000 ppm decreases the NOx emission by 23.03% and 26.7%, respectively, at full-load conditions. However, CO emissions increased by 1.12% and 4.49% with the addition of CL1000 and CL2000 to B20, respectively. Similarly, HC emissions increased by 4.19% and 7.35% by the addition of CL1000 and CL2000 to B20, respectively. The increases in smoke with the addition of CL1000 and CL2000 to B20 were 42.48% and 47.71%, respectively.     

Analysis of emission reduction in ethyne–biodiesel-aspirated diesel engine

The present experimental work investigates the use of ethyne gas in biodiesel-fueled diesel engine at different flow rate of 1, 2, and 3 L/min and is compared with diesel operation. This work is aimed to examine the outcome of ethyne gas by dual-fuel operation on emission characteristics of neat biodiesel-fueled stationary diesel engine. The oil derived from mustard seeds are employed as a source for biodiesel. The work was carried out at 2100 rpm (speed) and at an optimal compression ratio of 17. Based on the outcome of this investigation, the maximum reduction in hydrocarbon (25.1%), carbon monoxide (17.24%), and smoke emission (24.8%) was observed for biodiesel–ethyne at 3 L/min than the neat biodiesel. However, NO_x emissions were found to be 15.8% higher for ethyne–biodiesel fueling at 3 L/min owing to increase in combustion gas temperature than neat biodiesel.     

Analysis on the performance of a high efficiency administrative building in Spain

A building is an element that consumes great quantities of primary energy both during construction and operating life. Buildings are reported to consume 40% of total primary energy in Europe. Efficiency and saving policies in this sector should be priority to reduce the European energetic dependence on third countries as well as to diminish greenhouse emissions.

The present work is aimed at review the results obtained during the first operating year of a public building with high energetic qualification in Mérida (Spain), which develops novel techniques on efficiency, energy saving and integration of renewable energies applied to the building sector. The building was constructed according to the climatic characteristics of Mérida. Diverse techniques regarding passive solar collection and thermal isolation, window and roofing shadowing and natural lighting were accounted for.

The results showed that it is possible to air-condition public buildings in extreme weather regions by applying specific measures to minimize energy consumption with the use of renewable energy sources (solar energy and biomass). Based on the actual energetic results, the economic, energetic, and environmental feasibility of this kind of building is also analyzed.     

Reviews

Shadrach Woods, The Man in the Street, Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1975

W. Houghton Evans, Planning Cities, London, Lawrence & Wishart, 1975, £7

R. Taylor, M. Cox & I. Dickens eds., Britain's Planning Heritage, London, Croom Helm for The Royal Town Planning Institute, 1975. £5.75 (hardcover) £3.50 (paperback)

Development Plan Evaluation and Robustness: Application of an Analytical Programme and a Review of Measures of Performance, Department of the Environment Research Report 5 Local Government Operations Research Unit Report C217, 1976. Gratis.

J. Appleton, The Experience of Landscape, London, John Wiley, 1975

J. D. Hunt & P. Willis eds., The Genius of the Place: The English Landscape Garden 1620–1820, London, Paul Elek, 1976. £12.50

N. Pevsner, Staffordshire, Harmondsworth, Middx., Penguin Buildings of England Series, 1974, £3.50 (hardcover)

R. Bailey & M. Brake eds., Radical Social Work, London: Edward Arnold, 1975. £4.25 (hardcover) £1.95 (paperback)

and

The Use of Action Research in Developing Urban Planning Policy: Report of Colloquium, Bristol, June 1975 London, Department of the Environment, 1975.

M. Harloe, Swindon: A Town in Transition, London, Heinemann for the centre for Environmental Studies, 1975.

D. W. Pearce ed., The Economics of Natural Resource Depletion, London, Macmillan, 1975.

J. B. Goddard, Office Location in Urban and Regional Development

B. Fullerton, The Development of British Transport Networks

B. T. Robson, Urban Social Areas

P. L. Knox, Social Well‐Being: A Spatial Perspective

Four volumes in the Theory and Practice in Geography series, edited by J. W. House, A. S. Gouldie & J. H. C. Patten and published by Oxford University Press, 1975. All paperback at £0.90.

James A. Swan & William B. Stapp eds., Environmental Education: Strategies Toward a More Liveable Future, Halstead Press — John Wiley, 1974.

A. G. Wilson & M. J. Kirkby, Mathematics for Geographers and Planners, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975     

Reviews

REGIONAL PLANNING: A COMPREHENSIVE VIEW

JEREMY ALDEN and ROBERT MORGAN

Leonard Hill Books, Intertext, London, 1974. £6.

MAN‐MADE FUTURES: READINGS IN SOCIETY, TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN

NIGEL CROSS, DAVID ELLIOTT and ROBIN ROY (EDS.)

Hutchinson Educational in association with Open University Press, London, 1974. 365 pp., cased £5, paperback £2.75.

CITY OF BIRMINGHAM STRUCTURE PLAN: WRITTEN STATEMENT

NEVILLE BORG (City Engineer)

City of Birmingham, 1973.

DESIGNING FOR HUMAN BEHAVIOUR: ARCHITECTURE AND THE BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES

(Community Development Series. Series Editor, Richard P. Dober.)

JON LANG, CHARLES BURNETTE, WALTER MOLESKI and DAVID VACHON (EDS.)

Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Inc., Stroudsburg, Pa., 1974. 352 pp., S20 (U.K. price not stated).

THE BOOK OF GARDEN ORNAMENT

PETER HUNT (ED.)

J. M. Dent & Co., London, 1974. £9.75.

AMENITY AND URBAN PLANNING

DAVID L. SMITH

Crosby Lockwood Staples, London, 1974. 198 pp. £4.50.     

Book reviews

Saving the Coast: California's Experiment in Intergovernmental Land Use Control

Melvin B. Mogoluf

D. D. Heath and Co., Lexington, Mass. 1975, xiii + 136 pp., ISBN 0–669–97394–7

The Planning and Design of Rural Roads: The Implications of Landscape & Recreation

David N. Skinner

Scottish Tourist Board/Countryside Commission for Scotland. Price: £4.00

Comparative Land Use Planning and Regulation

Urban Planning Development Series No. 12, University of Washington, Seattle, 1975, 120pp.

’Modern Political Geography‘

R. Muir

Macmillan, 1975, 262pp., Paper cover £2.95; Hard cover £6.95.

Discussion Paper No. 10: “The Layfield Report and Local Government Finance"

G. C. Cameron (ed)

Discussion Papers in Planning, University of Glasgow

Assessment of Major Industrial Applications

Department of the Environment (1976) Research Report 13, H.M.S.O., £2

The Economic Impact of Tourism: a case study in Greater Tayside

D. M. Henderson (1975)

University of Edinburgh: Tourism and Recreation Research Unit

’Urban modelling: algorithms, calibrations, and predictions‘

M. Batty

Cambridge University Press, London, 1976, 381 pages, £17.50

’Urban fields‘

S. Angel and G. M. Hyman

Academic Press, London, 178pp., 1976, £5

Rural Planning Problems

Gordon E. Cherry (Ed.)

Leonard Hill, London, 1976, £6.95

’Living in Cities‘

Charles Mercer

Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 240pp.

Shopping Centres—Planning, Development and Administration

Edgar Lion

Wiley: 1977, 198pp., £9.00.

The Home of Man

Barbara Ward

Penguin Books (Paperback) and Andre Deutsch (Hardback), June 1976, 294 pp., Indexed, 18 photographs, Paperback £1, Hardback £3.75

Runcorn New Town. Master Plan Amendment No. 2

Runcorn Development Corporation, 1975

Available from The Development Corporation, Runcorn New Town, Runcorn, Cheshire, WA7 5AR, 26 pp., Maps and Plans, Illustrated     

Reviews

Planning theory

Andreas Faludi

Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1973. Hard cover £4.75, flexi‐cover £3.

PLANNING AND THE INNOVATION PROCESS (Progress in Planning, Vol. 1, Part 3)

Ray Jefferson

Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1973

THRESHOLD ANALYSIS MANUAL

Scottish Development Department H.M.S.O., London, 1973. £6

THE PLANNER IN SOCIETY: THE CHANGING ROLE OF A PROFESSION

David Eversley

Faber and Faber, London, 1973. £4.75.

SUB‐REGIONAL PLANNING STUDIES: AN EVALUATION

T. M. Cowling and G. C. Steeley

Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1973. £3.80

SKETCHBOOKS OF PAOLO SOLERI

Paolo Soleri.

M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1971.

ARCOLOGY: THE CITY IN THE IMAGE OF MAN.

Paolo Soleri.

M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1969.

FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED AND THE AMERICAN ENVIRONMENTAL TRADITION

Albert Fein

George Braziller, New York. $10.00 cloth. $3.95 paper.

ECOLOGY AND RECLAMATION OF DEVASTED LAND (2 vols.) ed. Russel Hutnick and Grant Davis

Gordon and Breach, New York, 1973. £25.00.

MAN MADE THE LAND: Essays in English Historical Geography

Ed. Alan R. H. Baker and J. B. Harley.

David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 1973. £5.25.

THE UNKNOWN URBAN REALM (Vol. 2, Europe 2,000, Project 3, Urbanization, Planning Human Environment in Europe)

U. Neveling, R. Sulzer, W. Ubbens, G. Wersig.

Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1973.     

Reviews

THE COASTLINE OF ENGLAND AND WALES. 2nd Edition: 1965.

by J. A. Steers

Published by Cambridge University Press. Price: £5. 5s.

TOWN CENTRE MAPS—a guide to their preparation in Kent.

Prepared by the County Planning Officer. Price: 7/6.

DANISH PLANNING LEGISLATION: A SURVEY

Ministry of Housing, Copenhagen, October 1963

ECONOMIC STUDY OF THE PITTSBURGH REGION

Vol. 1. Region in Transition.

Vol. 2. Portrait of a Region.

Vol. 3. Region with a Future.

University of Pittsburgh Press. Price: $8.

TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING IN ENGLAND AND WALES

by J. B. Cullingworth.

Published by George Allen and Unwin Ltd. 1964. Price: £1. 16s.

POPULATION PATTERNS—THEIR IMPACT ON REGIONAL PLANNING

by David Grove.

Published by the Building Research Group, Kumasi

University of Science and Technology. Price not given.

THE NEW TOWNS OF BRITAIN

Published by H.M.S.O. 1964. Price: 2/9.

REGIONAL SHOPPING CENTRES

A Planning Report on North‐West England; by the Department of Town and Country Planning, University of Manchester. Published by the Department. Price not given.

THE TOWNS OF GHANA—THE ROLE OF SERVICE CENTRES IN REGIONAL PLANNING.

by David Grove and Laszlo Huszar.

Ghana Universities Press 1964. Price: £1. 6s.

CITY OF LIVERPOOL; REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT PLAN

City Planning Policy Report, Part 1.

Analysis and Preliminary Conclusions. September 1964.

DERELICT LAND

Civic Trust, London. Price: 7/6.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION—A Select List of Books and Periodicals Published for The British Council by Longmans Green & Co. Ltd. Price: 5/‐.

PARKING SPACE FOR CARS, ASSESSING THE DEMAND

by G. J. Roth

University of Cambridge, Department of Applied Economics, Occasional

Papers 5. 1965. Price: 10/6d.     

Book reviews

Land and Leisure — Concepts and Methods in Outdoor Recreation

Second Edition — edited by C. S. Von Doren, G. B. Priddle and J. E. Lewis.

Methuen & Co., £5.95. 1979.

Countryside Planning — The First Three Decades, 1945–76

Andrew W. Gilg.

Methuen & Co. £3.50. 1979.

Social Problems and the City

D. T. Herbert and D. M. Smith

Oxford University Press. £8.50. 271 pp.

Slum Housing and Residential Renewal — The Case of Urban Britain

D. A. Kirby

Topics in Applied Geography Series. Longmans. £2.95. 1979.

From Blacksmiths to White Elephants: Benwell's Changing Shops

Benwell Community Project Final Report, Series No. 7, Newcastle upon Tyne 1979. 72 pp. 80p.

The Debate on Urban Policy — Decentralisation versus Improvement

Robert Coursey

Retailing and Planning Associates 1977. 93 pp.

Urban Deprivation and Government Initiatives

Paul Lawless

Faber. £8.95 (hard‐back), 251 pp.

A Guide to Historic Buildings Law Fourth Edition

Peace, D., and Purdy, I. M.

Cambridgeshire County Council, County Planning Department, 1979.

98 pp. (paperback), £5.35 post paid.

Research and Intelligence

Papers delivered at the Annual Conference 1978, Inlogov University of Birmingham Edited by E. M. Davies

£4.30. 257 pp.

Geography and the Urban Environment : Progress in Research and Applications

Vol. II. Edited by D. T. Herbert, R. J. Johnston.

Wiley, London. 308 pp.

Facts about the New Towns : A Socio‐Economic Digest

A. G. Champion, K. Clegg and R. L. Davies

R.P.A., Corbridge, 1978.

Physical Planning in the Member States of the E.E.C.

C. Wood and N. Lee, Occasional Paper No. 2.

Department of Town and Country Planning, University of Manchester, 1978. 59pp.     

Book reviews

PIONEERS IN BRITISH PLANNING

Gordon Cherry (Ed.)

The Architectural Press, London, 1981. 232 pp with index and illustrations.

Price £8.95 paperback.

PLANNING PROCEDURES

John Stephenson

Northwood Books, 1982

Price £9.95 hardback, 192 pages

INDUSTRIAL LOCATION POLICY FOR ECONOMIC REVITALISATION

Morris L. Sweet

Praeger, 1981

THE POLITICS OF TOWN PLANNING

Gordon Cherry

Longmans, 1982. 165 pp.

THE POLITICS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

Alan Alexander

Longman, 1982, 143 pp. Price £3.95 paperback

LAND USE AND LIVING SPACE

Robin Best

Methuen U.P., 1981

URBAN PROJECTS MANUAL

A guide to preparing upgrading and new development projects accessable to low income groups.

Forbes Davidson and Geoff Payne (Eds)

University Press 1983 Price £7.50

LONDON'S GREEN BELT: CONTAINMENT IN PRACTICE

Richard Munton

George Allen & Unwin, 1983

OUTDOOR RECREATION AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

John Pigram

Croom Helm, 1983

THE IDEAL CITY — ITS ARCHITECTURAL EVOLUTION IN EUROPE

Rosenau, H.

Methuen & Co. Ltd., London & New York. Third Edition 1983. 195 pages illustrated. Hardback.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS IN THE BRITISH ISLES

A. H. Perry

George Allen and Unwin, 1981

RECREATION AND RESOURCES: LEISURE PATTERNS AND LEISURE PLACES

J. Allan Patmore

Blackwell, 1983     

Book reviews

Traffic Mix Model

(TRRU Research Report No. 30).

A Methodology for Estimating Recreation Traffic Flows.

August 1977, University of Edinburgh. 144 pps.

“Recreation in the Highlands and Islands”

Tourism and Recreation Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, December 1976.

Research Report No. 22, 411pp with tables and diagrame; Research Report No. 31, 145 with tables and diagrams.

Tourism and Recreation in the Chichester Area: a basis for planning

Tourism and Recreation Research Unit, Research Report No. 35, University of Edinburgh.

The Real Wealth of Nations

S. R. Eyre

Arnold, London, 1978. £7.95.

Landscape Construction

M. F. Downing

E. & F. N. Spon, London, 1977

Planning and Organizing for Social Change. Action Principles from Social Science Research.

Jack Rothman

Columbia University Press. 628 p.p.

Models and Cities and Regions

A. G. Wilson, P. H. Rees, C. M. Leigh (editors) 1977

Wiley, £12.75.

Ecology and Ekistics

C. A. Doxiadis Edited by Gerald Dix

Paul Elek, London 1977. Environmental Studies Series. 91 p.p. Paperback. £3.75.

Tackling Urban Deprivation : The Contribution of Area‐Based Management

T. Mason, K. Spencer, C. Vielba and B. Webster

Institute of Local Government Studies, University of Birmingham, Dec. 1977. 93p.p. No price stated.

Marketing Geography : with special reference to retailing

R. L. Davies

Methuen, 1976. £3.45.

“Public Participation in Planning”

Edited by W. R. D. Sewell and J. T. Coppock

J. Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, 1977. 208 p.p. £9.00.

“The Individual Citizen and Public Participation”

William Hampton and Raymond Walker

Linked Research Project into Structure Planning, Interim Research Paper. 13, 1978. 24 p.p. £1.00.

A Future for Planning Science Fiction Cities

Town Planning discussion paper No. 27. Stephen Wood

U.C.L. 1977.

“The Bicycle Planning Book “

Mike Hudson (editor)

Open Books Publishing Ltd. and Friends of the Earth, 1978. Paperback, £1.95.

Residential Location and Urban Housing Markets

G. K. Ingram (1977) (ed.)

Cambridge, Mass : Ballinger Publishing Co., for the National Bureau of Economic Research.     

Reviews

NEIGHBORHOOD GROUPS AND URBAN RENEWAL

by J. Clarence Davies 111

Columbia University Press, 1966

THE CITY PLANNING PROCESS — A POLITICAL ANALYSIS

by Alan Altshuler

Cornell University Press, 1965

RECLAIMING DERELICT LAND

by J. R. Oxenham

Faber & Faber. Price 42/‐.

GARDEN CITIES OF TOMORROW

by Ebenezer Howard, ed. with preface by F. J. Osborn and with an introductory essay

by Lewis Mumford.

Faber and Faber, Price 7/6.

INDUSTRIAL MOVEMENT AND THE REGIONAL PROBLEM

by G. C. Cameron and B. D. Clark.

University of Glasgow Social and Economic Studies, Occasional Paper No. 5. Price 21/‐     

Reviews

MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF THE ECONOMY AND OTHER ESSAYS

Richard Stone

Chapman and Hall, 1970, 335 pp. £5.

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING FOR CHILDREN'S PLAY

Arvid Bengtsson

Crosby Lockwood and Son Ltd. £4.50.

DESIGN WITH NATURE

Ian L. McHarg

Natural History Press, New York, $19.95.     

Reviews

A DEVELOPING STRATEGY FOR THE WEST MIDLANDS

Report by The West Midland Regional Study, 1971. N.p.s

ARCHITECTURE BY TEAM

W. W. Caudill

Van Nostrand Reinhold, N.Y. £9.00

KINETIC ARCHITECTURE

William Zuk and Roger H. Clark

London: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1970

164pp. including plates and diagrams. £7.50

LANDSCAPE AND ANTIQUITY: Aspects of English Culture at Sourhead 1718 to 1838

Kenneth Woodbridge

Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1970. £5.00

A HISTORY OF GARDENS AND GARDENING

Edward Hyams J. M. Dent, London. £7.50     

Book reviews

The World Bank, 1991: Urban Policy and Economic Development, an agenda for the 1990s

The World Bank, Washington DC, 87 pp.

Global Cities: Post‐Imperialism and the Internationalization of London

Anthony D. King Routledge, London, 1990.

Planning, Politics and the State: Political Foundations of Planning Thought

Nicholas Low

Unwin Hyman, London, 1991, 313 pp.

Britain's Changing Environment — from the Air

Tim Baylis Smith and Susan Owens (Eds)

Cambridge University Press. Price £25.

ISBN 0521 327121

Envisioning Information

Edward R. Tufte

Graphic Press, UK PO Box 8, Godalming, Surrey GU7 3HB.

Price £30. 126 pages.

A Dictionary of Landscape

G. A. Gaulty

Avebury Technical, Aldershot, 1991. 309 pp.

ISBN 185 6282 147.

Planning Law Practice and Precedents

Stephen Tromans and Robert Turrall‐Clark

Sweet & Maxwell, 1991; loose leaf. £135. 1006 pages.