提高水中BOD5测定质量的探讨

介绍了环境空气质量、分析用水、接种液加入量、曝气方法的选择等因素对BOD5测定的影响。提出测定过程中实验室空气质量、分析用水的选择、接种液的选择和加入量以及曝气方法应注意事项,以期得到较为准确的测定结果,提高废水中BOD5测定质量。     

微生物对生化需氧量测定结果的影响

水中有机物性质及微生物活性是影响生化反应的关键因素。在水质条件一定的情况下,探讨不同接种液带来的微生物差异对生化需氧量(BOD)的影响。测定了空白样、废水驯化接种液、河流污水接种液、土壤浸出液接种液4组样品,实验结果显示3种不同接种液接种同种稀释水,测得BOD_5的差距较大,而同一种接种液所测得的BOD_5差距非常小;测定了空白样、河流污水接种液、土壤浸出液接种液BOD_5,结果表明河流污水的微生物比土壤浸出液的微生物更具有可生化性。     

五日生化需氧量(BOD5)测定方法探讨

本文针对GB／T7488-1987《水质五日生化需氧量(BOD5)稀释与接种法》中BOD5的测定和计算时接种稀释水的空白扣除方法，提出了直接测接种液的BOD5值，按接种液的比例在水样中进行扣除的方法，提高了BOD5值的准确性。更能反应BOD5的真实性。     

BOD5测定中以花园土浸出液作为接种液使用量季节差异探讨

通过对不同季节测定BOD5中以花园土浸出液为接种液使用量进行分析、探讨，旨在为今后更为精确、简便地测定BOD5提供科学的依据。     

生物滴滤法净化苯废气的试验

本试验采用焦化废水活性污泥驯化培养的专性降解菌进行生物滴滤器接种挂膜，考察了不同模拟工况下对苯气体的净化能力。     

造纸废水BOD5稀释系数的确定

在测定废水中的BOD5时 ,稀释系数是重要的物理参数 ,不分废水种类而通用一组稀释系数是不合理的 ,对于不同种类的废水应有不同的BOD5稀释系数     

炼化废水中COD与BOD_5相关性的探讨

为了及时掌握炼化废水的BOD5值，因此对COD与BOD5之间的相关性进行了探讨试验；COD与BOD5的测定采用国家标准方法，连续20d，用最小二乘法计算COD与BOD5的相关关系式；通过相关式由COD值可求出当天相应的BOD5值，为及时调整污水处理设施提供依据。     

夹层法海水BOD微生物传感器性能测试

选用实验室自有菌株,选择5μL、10μL、15μL三种不同体积菌悬液,采用夹层法制备海水BOD微生物传感器,通过测试,了解菌悬液体积对传感器性能的影响,并在最佳条件下测试传感器的性能。实验结果表明:这三种规格的传感器均能满足海水BOD在线监测的需要,从传感器性能和菌悬液使用量等方面考虑,10μL菌悬液制备的微生物膜是最优膜。最优膜组装的传感器在重现性、测量范围及使用寿命等性能指标完全能够满足海水BOD的测定。     

粉末活性炭处理焦化废水酚的研究

通过试验研究比较粉末活性炭和柱状活性炭对焦化废水中酚的去除效率,并重点研究了粉末活性炭粒度和投加量等因素对焦化废水酚的去除效率的影响。研究结果表明：与柱状活性炭相比,粉末活性炭对焦化废水酚的去除率有明显提高;同时,粉末活性炭对焦化废水中酚的去除率受粒度大小、曝气与否,以及投加量等因素的影响。并找出最佳粉末活性炭粒度、投加量和吸附处理时间。     

pH值对酸处理脱除焦化废水色度的影响

对pH值在酸处理脱除焦化废水色度的影响进行了试验研究,考察了酸种类、pH值、反应温度和反应时间对酸处理的影响。结果表明,在焦化废水pH值调节至1.0左右,反应温度为40℃下反应120min,焦化废水色度去除率达到83%。试验证明,pH值对焦化废水色度具有显著的影响,能够达到预处理效果,为后续吸附树脂处理提供原水。     

Performance and modeling studies of rotating biological contactor for treatment of vegetable oil wastewater

This study focuses on a lab-scale rotating biological contactor (RBC) treating vegetable oil wastewater with high BOD and COD. The fabricated RBC was checked for efficiency in degrading polluted wastewater under different operating conditions. The maximum removal efficiencies for BOD and COD were 95.75% and 89%, respectively. This high removal percentage was obtained with 30% submergence of 10 discs rotating at 8 rpm. For the first time, bio-kinetic models were applied to the experimental results for vegetable oil wastewater. The best fit was obtained with the modified Stover-Kincannon and Grau model. The saturation constant (K_s) values were 1.872 and 3.024 g/L/d for BOD and COD, respectively, for the modified Stover-Kincannon and Grau model. For the Grau second-order model, the saturation constant was 1.416 and 3.744 g/L/d for BOD and COD, respectively. The predicted effluent BOD and COD values of the modified Stover–Kincannon model fitted almost exactly with the experimental values. This clearly predicts that this model can be best used to predict effluent BOD and COD concentration in a Rotating Biological contactor treating vegetable oil wastewater. The kinetic parameters determined in this study can be used to improve the design and operation of continuous mode RBC systems.     

Anaerobic/aerobic treatment of meat processing wastewater

The meat processing industry is believed to produce highly polluted wastewater. Analysis of such wastewater indicated that the waste was highly contaminated with organic compounds as indicated by COD (1544mgO2l–1), BOD (646mgO2l–1), and TSS (1155 mgl–1). Moreover, oil and grease concentrations reached 144mgl–1 treatment of raw wastewater using Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) followed by Rotating Biological Contactors (RBC) was studied. Efficiency of the UASB for the removal of CODtotal, BODtotal, TSS, and oil and grease was 56%, 56%, 85%, and 58%, respectively. The quality of the UASB effluent barely complies with the regulatory standards for discharging wastewater into the sewerage network. UASB effluent was subjected for further treatment using a RBC unit to improve the quality of the treated effluent for reuse in irrigation purposes. Residual COD, BOD, TSS, and oil and grease, following RBC, was 132mgO2l–1, 40mgO2l–1, 44mgl–1, and 10mgl–1 respectively. The overall efficiency of the treatment units provided good quality effluent. The overall percentage removal of COD, BOD, TSS, and oil and grease was 91.5%, 94%, 96%, and 91%, respectively. Based on the quality of the treated effluent and guidelines recommended for wastewater reuse, it may be concluded that a slight to moderate restricted irrigation is applicable to reuse the treated effluent in the green belt around the factory. Disinfection should be applied to ensure the safety of such a process.     

印染工业园区污水处理工程的运行及完善探讨

本文对某印染工业园区的混合废水处理装置开展了连续两年的运行调查,并对其进行了完善和提标改造的技术探讨。研究表明,污水处理装置的出水氨氮、总磷达标,BOD5、色度接近排放标准,而CODCr、SS难以达到一级排放要求。在现有工艺流程条件下对出水进行砂滤和二氧化氯强氧化能够保证出水达到一级A排放标准。     

浅论COD与BOD5相关关系模式的建立

从ＣＯＤ与ＢＯＤ５的构成及降解动力学出发是新兴的以ＣＯＤＮＢ／ＣＯＤ为一常数进行研究,得到了ＢＯＤ５与ＣＯＤ的相关模式。应用五粮液废水的实测数据和数理统计方法对模式进行检验,证明其具有实用性,从而可从ＣＯＤ值快速预报ＢＯＤ值,此模式适用于城市污水和有机废水。     

高浓度焦化废水处理及再生回用技术

简述了国内大部分焦化厂目前采用的焦化废水处理组合工艺存在的问题,介绍了高浓度(未稀释)焦化废水处理的技术原理及工艺特点,结合工程应用实例,指出高浓度焦化废水处理及再生回用技术具有广阔的推广应用前景。     

用超声气浮—BAF组合工艺处理油田稠油污水

利用超声气浮处理机对稠油油田污水进行的室内试验研究结果表明,超声气浮工艺对污水中COD的去除效果不明显,去除率只有23.0%。但是,经超声气浮处理后,污水的可生化性明显得到改善,BOD5/CODcr值由0.18上升到0.31,这为稠油污水的二级生化处理创造了条件。稠油污水经超声气浮-BAF组合工艺处理后,出水水质可达到国家GB8978-1996一级标准的水质要求。     

单户型家庭生活污水盆景式处理研究

单户型家庭生活污水盆景式处理是以人工湿地为基础的分散式废水处理方法。通过接近1年的试验对其净水效果进行研究,结果表明,它对化学需氧量（CODCr）、生物需氧量（BOD5）、氨氮（NH3-N）、总磷（TP）、总固体悬浮物（TSS）的去除率可分别达到92.72%、96.28%、79.06%、85.11%、95.83%。出水水质分别达到33.8mg/L、19.2mg/L、0.8 mg/L、0.7 mg/L、8 mg/L,基本符合国家一级排放标准,部分指标如BOD5、NH3-N等甚至可以达到或优于城市生活杂用水水质标准。同时它也可以作为室内盆景用水,起到美化环境净化空气的作用。     

Application of a new type of moving bio-film in aerobic sequencing batch reactor (aerobic-SBR)

A moving bio-film (MB), made from the inner tube of used tyres was applied in a conventional-aerobic-SBR for increasing the system efficiency and quality of bio-sludge due to good sedimentation (the density of 1.925+/-0.21 g/cm(3)), non-biodegradability and re-usability of the media without any regeneration. The total bio-sludge mass of the MB-aerobic-SBR was about 30% higher than that of the conventional-aerobic-SBR resulting in a reduction of the F/M value of the system and amount of suspended bio-sludge waste. The amount of suspended bio-sludge waste, SVI and SRT of the MB-aerobic-SBR under a low organic loading of 80+/-9.3g BOD(5)/m(3)-d were 1,485+/-146 mg/d, 51+/-3.7 ml/g and 10.1+/-5.1 days, respectively while they were 1,800+/-152 mg/d, 69+/-4.0 ml/g and 8.3+/-5.3 days, respectively in the conventional-aerobic-SBR. The BOD(5), TKN and TP removal efficiencies of the MB-aerobic-SBR were about 1-2, 2-3 and 10-12% higher, respectively, than that of the conventional-aerobic-SBR. Also, the BOD(5) and COD removal efficiencies of the MB-aerobic-SBR were higher than 95% even when the system was operated with synthetic wastewater containing 800 mg/l BOD(5) under a very low HRT of 1.5 days (organic loading of 528+/-50.8 g BOD(5)/m(3)-d). The effluent BOD(5), COD, total kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus and suspended solids of the MB-aerobic-SBR under a high organic loading of 528+/-50.8 g BOD(5)/m(3)-d were 45+/-5.1, 37+/-3.6, 4.1+/-1.0, 1.5+/-0.80 and 41+/-2mg/l, respectively.     

Use of artificial neural network black-box modeling for the prediction of wastewater treatment plants performance

A reliable model for any wastewater treatment plant is essential in order to provide a tool for predicting its performance and to form a basis for controlling the operation of the process. This would minimize the operation costs and assess the stability of environmental balance. This process is complex and attains a high degree of nonlinearity due to the presence of bio-organic constituents that are difficult to model using mechanistic approaches. Predicting the plant operational parameters using conventional experimental techniques is also a time consuming step and is an obstacle in the way of efficient control of such processes. In this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) black-box modeling approach was used to acquire the knowledge base of a real wastewater plant and then used as a process model. The study signifies that the ANNs are capable of capturing the plant operation characteristics with a good degree of accuracy. A computer model is developed that incorporates the trained ANN plant model. The developed program is implemented and validated using plant-scale data obtained from a local wastewater treatment plant, namely the Doha West wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). It is used as a valuable performance assessment tool for plant operators and decision makers. The ANN model provided accurate predictions of the effluent stream, in terms of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) when using COD as an input in the crude supply stream. It can be said that the ANN predictions based on three crude supply inputs together, namely BOD, COD and TSS, resulted in better ANN predictions when using only one crude supply input. Graphical user interface representation of the ANN for the Doha West WWTP data is performed and presented.