准噶尔盆地南缘荒漠与农牧区交错带土壤Cu、Pb化学形态分布特征

采取Tessier连续提取法,研究了荒漠与农牧区交错带土壤中Cu,Pb的化学形态分布。结果表明,荒漠与农牧区交错带土壤中Cu、Pb主要以残渣晶格态为主,可交换态比例较低。Cu(荒漠土壤样品除外)的各形态含量之间的相互关系为:残渣态>有机物结合态>铁锰氧化物结合态>碳酸盐结合态>可交换态。荒漠土壤样品中重金属Cu各形态含量之间的相互关系为:残渣态>铁锰氧化物结合态>有机物结合态>碳酸盐结合态>可交换态;重金属Pb各形态含量之间的相互关系为:残渣态>铁锰氧化物结合态>碳酸盐结合态>可交换态>有机物结合态。重金属Pb的活性态较高,高于重金属Cu的活性态。     

污泥中重金属污染现状及处置方式研究

对城市污水处理厂污泥中重金属来源、危害及处置进行讨论。采用火焰原子吸收法及原子荧光法对某城市污水处理厂污泥中重金属进行测定,结果表明:Zn、Pb、Cr、Hg含量均符合我国《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》污泥农用控制标准,Cd、Cu含量略高于该标准;依据重金属元素在污泥中的主要存在形态,讨论了污泥排放对环境的潜在风险;提出固定或沥滤处理可用于污泥处置,固定处理法相对经济,操作简便,更易推广。     

辽宁省污灌区土壤重金属铜、铬、镉和汞的形态研究

文章采用Tessier连续提取+AAS和AFS法对辽宁省污灌区土壤中铜、铬、镉和汞4种重金属的形态进行分析。研究结果表明,辽宁省污灌区土壤中重金属铜、铬、镉和汞的全部高于背景值。铜和铬的各形态分布趋势为:残渣态有机态铁锰氧化态碳酸盐态可交换态,镉的各形态分布趋势为:可交换态残渣态有机结合态铁锰氧化物结合态碳酸盐结合态,汞的各形态分布趋势为:残渣态有机态铁锰氧化态碳酸盐态可交换态,但可交换态、碳酸盐态和铁锰氧化态的Hg含量很低,所占比例可忽略为0。     

动电技术去除城市污泥中重金属的可行性探讨

本文简要介绍了我国城市污泥的处理处置和利用现状及动电技术去除重金属的基本原理,分析动电技术处理土壤中重金属的国内外的试验研究和应用情况,对动电技术处理城市污泥中重金属的可行性进行探讨,认为动电技术去除城市污泥中的重金属具有可行性,并提出了今后研究的方向.     

中国城市污泥中重金属处理方法研究进展

城市污泥中的重金属已成为影响污泥最终处置的主要因素。阐述了利用稳定化、化学试剂提取、微生物淋滤、植物修复以及焚烧技术对污泥中重金属处理的研究现状，并对其中存在的问题和发展趋势进行了分析。     

有机肥结构特征对污染土壤Cd形态的影响

研究了以污泥和鸡粪为主要来源的两种不同有机肥主要组分和结构特征差异,结合吸附和土壤平衡试验,探讨了各组分对Cd吸附反应特征和土壤Cd形态分布的影响。结果表明:供试污泥有机肥含有较多的羧基,其最大络合量大于鸡厩肥;同时能更有效降低NH4NO3提取态Cd,但因为结合形态相对不稳定,因此导致EDTA提取态Cd有明显增加。而鸡厩有机肥含有更多π键,芳香化和腐熟化程度较高,与Cd吸附更稳定,在降低NH4NO3提取态Cd的同时也能降低EDTA提取态Cd。研究表明有机肥腐殖化、芳香化程度是影响其对重金属污染土壤修复与改良效果的主要因素。     

生物酶催化技术处置污泥的应用研究

针对目前我国污水处理厂污泥的特性及处理处置工艺普遍无法达标的问题,提出应用生物酶催化技术处理处置污泥的方法,可以高效迅速降解污染物,提高污染物去除效率,使污泥减量化、资源化,减少投资及处理费用,为污泥处理处置的技术升级与工艺探索提供新思路。     

攀枝花市攀钢工业区土壤重金属污染特征及评价

本文对攀枝花市攀钢工业区土壤中五种重金属元素（Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd）的空间的分布特征、形态分布特征进行了研究，并应用污染负荷指数法对各重金属的污染程度进行了评价。研究发现，Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr的最大值与最小值分别相差2．98、3．4、5．2、2．7倍，cd的最大值与最小值甚至相差15．7倍。重金属元素相关性特征可分为Cd—Pb—Zn和Cu—Cr两组。形态分布特征表现在Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr主要以稳定的残渣态存在，Cd主要以可利用性最强的可交换态和碳酸盐结合态存在。污染较严重的是攀钢机关、攀钢原料场。     

城市污泥中重金属去除研究进展

由于城市污水处理厂中产生的剩余污泥中含有各种重金属，导致大量的营养丰富的污泥堆积如山，无法利用。为了能够实现剩余污泥的资源化，在此主要介绍了如何去除剩余污泥中的重金属，从而简单论述了各种比较有效的方法。     

湿法预处理对垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的形态及风险影响研究

以某典型城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰为研究对象,采用X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和电感耦合等离子体光谱仪（ICP）测定了焚烧飞灰的主要成分、矿物学组成和重金属含量,探讨了湿法预处理工艺对飞灰的化学组成、矿物学形态、化学形态及风险水平的影响.结果表明,飞灰的主要化学组成为O、Ca、Cl、Na、K等,占飞灰总质量的93.54％,其次含有0.04％ ～0.68％的Zn、Pb、Cu、Cr等微量重金属元素;经过湿法预处理,飞灰中可溶性氯盐具有较好的去除效果,且几乎所有重金属元素的不稳定形态（弱酸提取态和可还原态）比例都有一定程度的减少,有效降低了重金属的毒性、生物有效性及环境风险水平.本研究有助于降低焚烧飞灰的环境风险和探寻其资源化的有效途径.     

Land application of phosphorus-laden sludge: a feasibility analysis

An investigation was conducted to examine aerobic digestion of the phosphorus-laden sludge produced at the Regina Wastewater Treatment Plant and feasibility of land use of this sludge combined with the dewatered anaerobically digested primary sludge from this plant. Experimental studies showed that aerobic digestion can be employed for the stabilization of the chemical sludge. Results of the feasibility analysis showed that mixing the two digested sludges met the heavy metal criteria set by various guidelines for agricultural use, presented the advantage of an increased concentration of nutrients and a decreased concentration of heavy metals, and a longer useful life of the agricultural site compared to using dewatered anaerobically digested primary sludge alone. Land application of the mixed digested sludges would be a more appropriate method of sludge disposal compared to the present practice of landfilling the dewatered sludge and lagooning the chemical sludge.     

超声波去除农用污泥中重金属的试验研究

污水处理厂污泥中的重金属浓度高是污泥农用的主要障碍。为了降低农用污泥中的重金属含量,以Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb为对象,研究了超声波对其的影响。结果表明:超声对污泥中重金属有一定的溶出作用。当超声时间为30min时,溶解状态Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb的析出率分别为42.1%、37.5%、12.7%、14.7%;总的析出率分别为52.7%、44.7%、23.6%、71%。其中析出的Pb大部分以胶体状态存在,而溶解状态只占很少一部分。其他几种金属则以溶解状态为主。     

利用城市污水厂剩余污泥制备生物炭吸附镉

利用城市污水厂剩余污泥制备生物炭并用于吸附重金属离子Cd2＋，有利于城市污水厂污泥的处置，为污水中重金属的处理与处置和“碳减排”提供新的思路与方法。研究结果表明不同污水厂的污泥的最佳活化温度不同，昆明第一污水处理厂污泥最佳活化温度为300℃，第三、第五污水处理厂污泥为400℃；对于污水厂污泥制备的生物炭对镉的吸附量随着pH值的升高而增加；吸附模型拟和结果表明Freundllch模型在大部分温度下均具有比Iangrmuir模型有更好的相关性。     

Bioleaching of heavy metals from sewage sludge: A review

During the treatment of sewage, a huge volume of sludge is generated, which is disposed of on land as soil fertilizer/conditioner due to the presence of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients. However, the presence of toxic heavy metals and other toxic compounds in the sludge restricts its use as a fertilizer. Over the years, bioleaching has been developed as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective technology for the removal of heavy metals from the sludge. The present paper gives an overview of the various bioleaching studies carried out in different modes of operation. The various important aspects such as pathogen destruction, odor reduction and metal recovery from acidic leachate also have been discussed. Further, a detailed discussion was made on the various technical problems associated with the bioleaching process, which need to be addressed while developing the process on a larger scale.     

污泥农用对土壤环境的影响

土地利用是解决城市污泥处理处置的有效途径之一,本文从土壤理化性质、重金属污染风险以及有机污染风险3方面综述城市污泥农用对土壤环境的影响。城市污泥利用为植物提供营养元素,改良土壤结构,提高土壤肥力。污泥施用年限的长短与土壤中重金属的含量高低关系不明显,导致土壤重金属含量增加的主要因素是污泥施用量和污泥中重金属含量。在正常...     

西安市生活污水厂污泥中重金属特性及再利用风险评价

通过评价西安市污水厂污泥理化性质、重金属含量和潜在生态风险,探究污泥再利用的可行性.分析了西安市7个具有代表性的生活污水处理厂污泥的基本理化性质和6种重金属(Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Cd和Zn)在不同时期的含量变化,并对污泥再利用做了可行性评价和潜在风险评价.结果 表明,各污水厂污泥除XA3污水厂Cd未达标外,其余污水...     

Capacity to Influence Sources of Heavy Metals to Wastewater Treatment Sludge

Wastewater treatment sludge contains valuable nutrients, yet represents a residue problem due to the amount of heavy metals, which is one of the factors preventing the use of sludge as fertilizer. In Sweden, the government has a declared aim of closing the ecocycles of nutrients to arable land, while at the same time the existing limit values are among the lowest in the world. This paper focuses on the opportunities for Swedish wastewater utilities (WWUs) to manage and reduce sources of heavy metals in order to get sludge approved and recycled. A case study focusing on sources of the heavy metals Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn and the WWUs ability to influence the source by means of existing regulations was traced and categorized. A substantial fraction of the heavy metals were shown to be caused by diffuse emissions, such as the use of goods and products in society. For most sources discussed in the paper, a WWU can only manage the sources to a limited extent, if at all. This study shows that the WWUs cannot manage both recycling of nutrients and a decrease in heavy metals ending up in sludge. Diffuse emissions of heavy metals must be examined in context, not as a separate phenomenon or an issue for a single actor. The existing environmental legislation does not handle diffuse sources, yet long-term strategies for reducing the emissions to wastewater treatment must involve the reduction of diffuse emissions.     

Effect of liming on the distribution of heavy metals in untreated industrial sewage sludge produced in Pakistan for the cultivation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sorghum bicolor</Emphasis> (L.)

The recycling of sewage sludge on agriculture land represents an alternative, advantageous, disposal of this waste material. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of using industrial sewage sludge, produced in Pakistan, as a fertiliser. Agricultural soil amended with 25% (w/w) sewage sludge with or without lime treatment was used for growing a variety of sorghum (PARC-SS-1). The mobility of the heavy metals (HMs) (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) and metalloid (As) in the untreated industrial waste water sewage sludge (UIWS) samples were assessed by applying a modified BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure. The single extraction procedure comprised of the application of mild extractant (CaCl₂) and water for the estimation of the proportion of easily soluble metal fractions. The precision and accuracy of BCR was evaluated by using a certified reference material of soil amended with sewage sludge BCR 483. The plant available metal contents, as extracted by the deionised water and 0.01 M CaCl₂ solution and exchangeable fraction of BCR sequential, decreased with lime application in the range of 10–44% for As, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn, except in the cases of Cd and Cu, where their mobility was increased by 10% and 24%, respectively. Sludge amendment enhanced the dry weight yield of sorghum and the increase was more obvious after liming up to 25%. The uptake of HMs were lower in test samples (3.2–21.8%), except for Cu and Cd, which was higher (4%), while they were below the permissible limit of these metals. The present experiment demonstrates that liming was important in factors facilitating the growth of sorghum in sludge-amended soil.     

重庆市城市污泥的质量现状及利用对策

重庆市城市污泥产生量大，污泥的集中处理能力小，污泥中重金属的质量状况较好，N、P、K、有机质的含量高，综合利用潜力大，开发潜力巨大。