采用Fenton／UV处理金属切削液废水的试验研究

采用Fenton／UV高级氧化方法处理金属加工行业产生的切削液废水,并通过正交试验得出最佳工作条件：pH值=2．5,p（Fe^2＋）=400mg／L,H2O2[V（H2O2=30％]的投加量为24mL／L,每次投加V（H2O2）为4mL／L,投加时间间隔为45min,投加次数为6次,UV总作用时间=5h,同时在最佳工况下进行了5L废水的放大试验。小试及放大实验均证明：在此工作条件下,原水ρ（CODCr）由2100mg／L降至110mg／L左右,CODcr去除率达到95％,且出水其它各项指标均达到国家GB8978～1996《污水综合排放标准》二级排放标准。此数据具有工程应用的参考价值。     

生活污水正交混凝沉淀实验研究

通过烧杯正交混凝沉淀实验，用混凝剂聚合氯化铝（PAC）与助剂聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）和石灰乳（Ca（OH）2）复配对某生活污水进行混凝处理，考察了PAC投加量、PAM投加量和Ca（OH）2投加量三因素对混凝效果的影响。研究结果表明：PAC投加量为50mg／L，PAM投加量为lmg／L，Ca（OH）2投加量为4mg／L时，对废水处理得到较为满意的效果。1P去除率和浊度去除率均达90％以上，COD去除率在60％以上。此为旋流微絮凝-深床过滤组合新工艺中药剂的投加提供了一定的依据。     

混凝法处理垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液的试验研究

采用絮凝沉淀法对垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液进行了处理,探讨了絮凝剂种类、絮凝剂投加量、絮凝剂和助凝剂的配比对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,FeSO4,Al2（SO4）3,PAC和PAM这几种混凝剂对所处理废水的COD和UV254都有一定的去除效果,其中FeSO4和PAM联合使用时的处理效果最好。在FeSO4投加量为400 mg/L,PAM投加量为6 mg/L,pH为7.7的条件下,废水的COD从3790 mg/L降到606 mg/L,去除率可达84%,UV254去除率达到52%,大大降低了垃圾渗滤液后续处理的负荷,为垃圾浓缩液的初步处理提供了新的参考方向。     

粉末活性炭与硅藻土联用(PDF)用于饮水深度处理的

课题对固定化粉末活性炭吸附技术深度净化饮水进行了研究，即粉末活性炭与硅藻土联用（PDF）工艺，研究了粉末活性炭投加量、助滤剂配比与过滤周期、出水有机物穿透之间的关系，结果表明：采用贵溪粉末活性炭（250目）可使PDF工艺在1．5m／h初始滤速、终点水头损失12～13m以下，运行达8～10h，UV254去除率达90％以上，TOC去除率达40％，挥发性卤代烃总去除率大于90％，其运行关键为DE与PAC的配比。     

膜-生物反应器处理微污染水源水的运行特性

考察了悬浮生长型MBR和3种附着生长型MBR处理人工模拟微污染水源水时的运行特性.结果表明,4种MBR对氨氮的去除率均可达到85%～90%.投加块状填料和粉末活性炭(PAC)的MBR对有机污染物去除率较高;投加沸石粉的MBR和悬浮生长型MBR有机物去除效果较前两者低.当水力停留时间(HRT)为2～4h时,HRT对MBR有机物和氨氮的去除效果影响很小.PAC投加量及其饱和程度会影响PAC-MBR系统对有机物特别是UV₂₅₄的去除率.当PAC投加量提高到1000mg/L以上时,PAC饱和前UV254的去除率可较块状填料-MBR提高约25%; PAC饱和后,两系统对有机物的去除效果相差不大.对于连续运行中膜的过滤性能,投加PAC和块状填料的MBR与悬浮生长型MBR相差不大,而沸石粉-MBR最低.改变PAC投加量对PAC-MBR中膜过滤性能的影响不大.     

改性壳聚糖混凝去除太湖藻研究

对太湖不同区域的水使用改性壳聚糖做混凝除藻实验。对于泵取水,投加量0.7 mg/L时,藻去除率可达89.6%,对于岸边高浓藻水,投加量4 mg/L,0.5 h内藻去除率即可达为85.77%。改性壳聚糖复配黏土可解决岸边高浓藻絮体的上浮问题,黏土投加0.8 g/L絮体可完全下沉,除藻率fe从85.77%提升到94.35%。但复配黏土造成UV254去除率下降。改性壳聚糖复配0.3 g/L PDMDAAC改性粉煤灰投加或复配0.4 g/L改性沸石时,絮体也可完全下沉,除藻率都可提升到98%以上。同时,两种药剂都加强了系统对有机物的去除,UV254去除率从56.94%提升到72%以上。     

Fenton试剂处理难降解垃圾渗滤液的研究

采用实验方法,考察了初始pH值、FeSO4·7H2O投加量、H2O2投加量对渗滤液处理效果的影响,通过与FeCl3絮凝法的比较探讨了Fenton法处理渗滤液的机理。研究结果表明,Fenton试剂处理渗滤液的最佳条件为初始pH值4,FeSO4·7H2O（20％）投加量0．6mL／100ml,H2O2（30％）投加量3．0mL／100ml,反应2h,此条件下处理可使CODcr去除率为84．77％,色度去除率为60％。Fenton法处理渗滤波时,大分子有机物的去除主要靠氧化作用。Fenton处理可有效地将大分子有机物降解为小分子的有机物,小分子有机物主要通过絮凝去除。     

臭氧/高锰酸钾/BAF工艺污水深度处理研究

采用O3/KMnO4化学氧化法与曝气生物滤池(BAF)联用工艺处理生活污水二级出水,进行长期连续实验,考察pH、O3/KMnO4投加顺序和投加量对氧化效果的影响。结果表明:采用O3/KMnO4化学氧化法在pH为7.2～7.6的条件下,当O3和KMnO4投加量分别为10和1.5 mg/L时,ρ(BOD)/ρ(COD)由0.13提升至0.26,COD和UV254的去除率分别为30.90%和31.97%。在此基础上采用O3/KMnO4/BAF联用工艺,COD和UV254去除率分别提高至71.30%和74.86%。     

新生态二氧化锰对水中腐殖酸的强化混凝性能研究

采用KMn O4氧化Mn SO4的方法制备新生态二氧化锰,利用在线投加的方式研究了新生态二氧化锰强化混凝去除水中腐殖酸的效果,评价了新生态二氧化锰的形态、投加量、p H值、投加方式、投加顺序等因素对强化混凝效果的影响。结果表明,当聚合硫酸铝的加量为2 mg/L,加入10 mg/L的新生态二氧化锰强化混凝,UV254和高锰酸盐指数的去除率分别由未加入新生态二氧化锰时的9.2%和2.5%提高至55.0%和38.9%。正交试验表明p H值对混凝效果影响最显著,新生态二氧化锰投加量、慢速搅拌时间对混凝效果的影响均较小;在p H为4.0,水中总固体颗粒物含量为20 mg/L,新生态二氧化锰加量为10 mg/L,慢搅40 min时,UV254和高锰酸盐指数的去除率分别可达71.2%和61.2%。说明新生态二氧化锰对于混凝去除水中的腐殖酸具有强化促进作用。     

Fenton预氧化对泥渣回流强化再生水混凝处理的助凝作用

研究了Fenton预氧化对再生水混凝处理的助凝效果.结果表明:Fenton预氧化可以明显提高CODr,浊度,PO43-,色度,UV254的去除率.经过Fenton预氧化再进行混凝处理,当聚合氯化铝(PAC)投加量为24 mg/L时各指标的去除率,相当于41 mg/L PAC单独作用下的处理效果,助凝效果明显;达到相同的处理效果,可以节省40％以上的PAC投加量,大大节约经济成本,具有推广的前景.     

磁性离子交换树脂对原水中有机物去除效能的研究

采用磁性离子交换树脂(MIEX)预处理原水中有机物的中试试验结果表明,MIEX技术可有效地去除原水中的有机物,对UV254,DOC和CODMn的去除率分别稳定在82%、66%和50%,MIEX预处理可以有效强化混凝沉淀对有机物、藻细胞和浊度的去除.与常规工艺相比,在混凝剂聚合氯化铝投加量降低56%时,该工艺对UV254和CODMn的去除率分别为90%和71%,对藻细胞数和浊度的去除率分别为99%和95%.对溶解性有机物分级和分子量分布的测定表明,MIEX预处理主要去除混凝沉淀无法有效去除的小分子区间的亲水性和疏水性有机物,可以有效控制消毒副产物的产生,MIEX预处理与混凝沉淀联用工艺出水的三卤甲烷生成势(THMFP)和卤乙酸生成势(HAAFP)比原水降低了88%和87%.     

MIEX~预处理对水源水中藻源DON的去除效能及机理

利用小试试验研究了磁性离子交换树脂预处理(MIEX~)对高藻水源水中的溶解性有机氮(DON)的去除效能,并通过分子量分布测定、双向电泳等手段初步分析了其作用机理.结果表明,MIEX~预处理对DON具有较好地去除效果,并可有效强化混凝工艺的处理效能.投加量为15m L/L时,MIEX~预处理可提升DON去除率20%;以铜绿微囊藻为主要种属的高藻水源水中藻类蛋白种类不低于230种,且大多数处于酸性端,分子量区间主要分布于15~40Ku、65~75Ku,处于MIEX~预处理可去除的分子量区间,从而具有较好的去除效果.综上所述,MIEX~预处理可以作为强化去除高藻水源水中DON的一种方法.     

MIEX预处理技术对长江原水中有机物的去除效能

利用烧杯试验研究了磁性离子交换树脂（magnetic ion exchange resin,MIEX）预处理对长江原水中有机物的去除效能,以总溶解有机碳(DOC)、254 nm紫外吸收值(UV254)、有机物相对分子质量分布、有机物分级、紫外扫描以及消毒副产物生成量等指标进行表征.结果表明,长江水源水中的有机物主要为小分子亲水性有机物,其含量占有机物总量的50%以上;MIEX预处理可以有效降低水中有机物的含量,投加量为10 mL/L、接触时间为15 min时,DOC的去除率超过35%,相对分子质量和分级的测定结果表明,小分子亲水性部分有机物的去除导致了DOC去除效果的改善;从紫外扫描结果可看出,MIEX预处理对在190～250 nm波长时有强吸收的有机物去除效果非常明显,但对在高于250 nm波长处有吸收的有机物去除效果与混凝阶段的效果相近.     

Drinking water production by ultrafiltration of Songhuajiang River with PAC adsorption

In recent years, membrane ultrafiltration （UF） of surface water for drinking water treatment has become a more attractive technology worldwide as a possible alternative treatment to conventional clarification. To evaluate the performance of ultrafiltration membranes for treatment of surface water in North China, a 48-m^2 low pressure hollow fiber membrane ultrafiltration pilot plant was constructed. Ultrafiltration was operated in cross-flow and with powdered activated carbon （PAC） adsorption. Turbidity was almost completely removed to less than 0.2 NTU （below Chinese standard 1 NTU）. It was found that PAC addition enhanced organic matter removal. The combined process of PAC/UF allowed to 41% removal of CODMn, 46% removal of DOC and 57% decrease in UV254 absorbance. The elimination of particles, from average 12000/ml in the raw water to approximately 15/ml in the permeated, was observed. When PAC concentration was below 30 mg/L, backwashing could recovery the membrane flux with backwash interval/backwashing duration of 1/30.     

Drinking water production by uitrafiltration of Songhuajiang River with PAC adsorption

In recent years, membrane ultrafiltration (UF) of surface water for drinking water treatment has become a more attractive technology worldwide as a possible alternative treatment to conventional clarification. To evaluate the performance of ultrafiltration membranes for treatment of surface water in North China, a 48-m2 low pressure hollow fiber membrane ultrafiltration pilot plant was constructed. Ultrafiltration was operated in cross-flow and with powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption. Turbidity was almost completely removed to less than 0.2 NTU (below Chinese standard 1 NTU). It was found that PAC addition enhanced organic matter removal. The combined process of PAC/UF allowed to 41% removal of CODMn 46% removal of DOC and 57% decrease in UV254 absorbance. The elimination of particles, from average 12000/ml in the raw water to approximately 15/ml in the permeated, was observed. When PAC concentration was below 30 mg/L, backwashing could recovery the membrane flux with backwash interval/backwashing duration of 1/30.     

磁性树脂预处理对粉末活性炭吸附水中卡马西平的影响

通过磁性树脂预处理,来提高粉末活性炭(PAC)应对水源水中突发以卡马西平(CBZ)为代表的PPCPs类有机物污染风险的能力.结果显示,Freundlich吸附模型可以更好描述PAC对CBZ的吸附规律;假一级动力学对CBZ吸附动力学过程模拟结果良好,假二级动力学更适合模拟时间大于1h的吸附过程;200~300目PAC具有较大的吸附容量和较快的吸附速率;在模拟配水试验中,磁性树脂与PAC联用相比单独使用PAC时,DOC去除率提高了40.64%,UV254去除率提高了41.27%,CBZ去除率提高了14.72%.在去除水中有机污染物过程中,磁性树脂与PAC间存在协同作用,磁性树脂预处理强化了PAC对CBZ的去除效果.     

Removal natural organic matter in typical south-China source water during enhanced coagulation of a with IPF-PACl

Systematic investigation on enhancing removal of natural organic matter （NOM） using inorganic polymer flocculant （IPF）, polyaluminum chloride（PACI） and polyacrylamide（PAM） was performed in a typical south-China source water. Enhanced coagulation and applying polymer flocculant-aid were compared through jar tests and pilot tests. Raw water and settled water were characterized and fractionated by resin adsorption. The results show that DOC composes major part of TOC. The DOC distribution keeps relatively stable all around the year with typical high amounts of the hydrophilic matter around 50%. The distribution between HoB, HoA and HoN varies and undergoes fluctuation with the year round. During the summer season, the HoN becomes gradually the major part in hydrophobic parts. PACI with the species being tailor-made shows little pH effect during coagulation. The enhanced coagulation dosage for PACI could be 4.5 mg/L for the typical source water. The highest TOC removal achieved 31%. To be economically, 3 mg/L dose is the optimum dosage. Although hydrophilic fractions of NOM of both treatment strategies are removed about 30%, NOM causing UV254 absorbance were well removed（about 90%）. Hydrophobic bases and acids fractions are much more removed under enhanced conditions. The hydrophilic fraction could be better removed using PAM, the polymer coagulant aid.     

Dissolved organic matter removal using magnetic anion exchange resin treatment on biological effluent of textile dyeing wastewater

This study investigated the removal of dissolved organic matter（DOM） from real dyeing bio-treatment effluents（DBEs） with the use of a novel magnetic anion exchange resin（NDMP）.DOMs in two typical DBEs were fractionized using DAX-8/XAD-4 resin and ultrafiltration membranes. The hydrophilic fractions and the low molecular weight（MW）（〈3 kDa） DOM fractions constituted a major portion（〉50%） of DOMs for the two effluents. The hydrophilic and low MW fractions of both effluents were the greatest contributors of specific UV254absorbance（SUVA254）,and the SUVA254 of DOM fractions decreased with hydrophobicity and MW. Two DBEs exhibited acute and chronic biotoxicities. Both acute and chronic toxicities of DOM fractions increased linearly with the increase of SUVA254 value. Kinetics of dissolved organic carbon（DOC） removal via NDMP treatment was performed by comparing it with that of particle active carbon（PAC）. Results indicated that the removal of DOC from DBEs via NDMP was 60%,whereas DOC removals by PAC were lower than 15%. Acidic organics could be significantly removed with the use of NDMP. DOM with large MW in DBE could be removed significantly by using the same means. Removal efficiency of NDMP for DOM decreased with the decrease of MW. Compared with PAC,NDMP could significantly reduce the acute and chronic bio-toxicities of DBEs. NaCl/NaOH mixture regenerants,with selected concentrations of 10% NaCl（m/m）/1%NaOH（m/m）,could improve desorption efficiency.     

PFS-PDM复合混凝剂对微污染河水的强化混凝处理

用聚合硫酸铁(PFS)和聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDM)制备了复合混凝剂—聚合硫酸铁-聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PFS-PDM),并对微污染的流溪河水源水进行了强化混凝处理,对比分析了复合混凝剂与PFS2种处理的混凝效果.结果表明,与单独用PFS相比,用复合混凝剂处理冬季微污染流溪河水源水时,其对浊度、UV254及藻类去除能力更强;当投加量为3mg/L(以Fe计)时,PFS-PDM复合混凝剂的去浊率、除藻率和UV254去除率,分别提高22.1%、19.5%、14.9%,表现出优良的强化混凝效果.     

臭氧-曝气生物滤池深度处理垃圾焚烧渗滤液可行性研究

研究了臭氧-曝气生物滤池(BAF)代替纳滤和反渗透深度处理垃圾焚烧渗滤液达标排放的技术可行性.半间歇臭氧氧化试验表明,实验用水的可生化性随着氧化时间的增加而增加,色度及UV254, 15min内去除率分别达91%和64%;氧化时间为45min时COD去除率59%, 45min后COD去除较慢, 120min时去除率77%.确定臭氧氧化时间为1h,在同样臭氧浓度与流量下进行了臭氧-BAF处理垃圾焚烧渗滤液的连续实验.结果发现,此工艺对COD、色度和UV254的去除率分别可达75%,95%和90%,其中2/3运行时间里COD低于排放标准100 mg/L.其中出水色度可稳定保持在40度以下达标排放.经过进一步优化,臭氧-BAF有望用于垃圾焚烧渗滤液的达标处理.GC-MS检测表明烷烃,芳香族化合物及含氮杂环化合物是试验用水的主要污染物,臭氧-BAF能够有效去除后两类化合物,但难以去除烷烃.