中空纤维膜辅助离子液体液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定环境水体中的水杨酸

分别以l-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸离子液体([C8MIM][PF6])和三辛基氧化膦(TOPO)作为萃取剂与辅助萃取剂,建立了中空纤维膜辅助的两相液液微萃取-高效液相色谱测定环境水体中水杨酸(Salicylicacid,SA)的新方法.通过对中空纤维膜种类、萃取剂、供体相体积、供体相pH、离子强度和萃取时间相关参数进行优化,获得了较高的富集倍数(1653倍).方法的检出限为0.1μg.L-1,线性范围为0.5—1000μg.L-1.方法对实际样品的加标回收率为89.6%—102.4%,可应用于环境水体中痕量SA的测定.     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法同时测定畜禽粪便中4种磺胺类药物残留

建立了高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定畜禽粪便中4种磺胺药物(磺胺甲基嘧啶(SM1)、磺胺氯哒嗪(SCP)、磺胺邻二甲氧嘧啶(SDM’)、磺胺喹噁啉(SQ))的方法.样品用25 mL甲醇提取3次,合并提取液,浓缩干燥,用0.1 mol.L-1的HCL溶解残渣,经荧光胺衍生化后,用反相C18柱为分离柱,以乙腈∶0.5%乙酸=40∶60(V/V)为流动相进行洗脱,20 min内分离4种药物.在0.05—5.00μg.mL-1范围内,4种磺胺类药物的峰面积与质量浓度的线性关系良好(R2≥0.999),SM1、SCP、SDM’、SQ的定量限(LOQ)分别为2.3、6.3、4.3和9.6μg.kg-1;添加水平为50、100、1000μg.kg-1时,SM1、SCP、SDM’、SQ的回收率分别为74.91%—81.82%、78.45%—91.43%和86.10%—92.88%,RSD小于8.82%.     

离子液体1-甲基-3-己基咪唑六氟磷酸用于水中多环芳烃萃取的研究

用疏水性离子液体1-甲基-3-己基咪唑六氟磷酸作为溶剂,液液萃取水中典型污染物多环芳烃,用1ml离子液体萃取50ml含萘、1-甲基萘、2-氯萘、菲、芘、(?)各40μg·1-1的水样,其回收率为:82.2%-101.2%,相对标准偏差(n=4)为2.4%-3.5%,方法的检出限在0.05-0.43μg·1-1范围之间,水样中有机溶剂、盐的含量及pH值对萃取回收率有一定的影响.用该方法测定了卫津河水样上述污染物的含量,并与传统的二氯甲烷萃取相对比,表明离子液体在水样中多环芳烃的富集方面可以取代传统的有机溶剂.     

水环境中典型抗生素SPE-UPLC-MS/MS检测方法的建立

应用固相萃取(SPE)及超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)技术,建立了快速提取测定水环境中4种四环素类抗生素(四环素、土霉素、强力霉素、金霉素)和6种磺胺类抗生素(磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲唑和磺胺噻唑)的方法.水样经过HLB小柱浓缩萃取之后以C18柱为分析柱,乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,采用UPLC-MS/MS多反应监测(MRM)离子模式进行分析.纯水和城市生活污水中抗生素物质检出限分别为0.015—0.12 ng·L-1、0.03—0.09 ng·L-1,平均回收率分别为88.7%—113.5%、73.7%—94.5%,相对标准偏差均在2.6%—10.6%之间(n=8).方法操作简单、定性定量准确,检出限低,能够满足测定各类水环境中四环素类和磺胺类抗生素痕量残留的分析要求.     

水中微量磺胺甲恶唑的现场快速前处理方法

本文制备了磺胺甲恶唑分子印迹聚合物,通过静态吸附实验及红外光谱等手段研究其性能,并以该聚合物为核心材料自制液体样品快速前处理装置,建立且优化出一种水溶液中微量磺胺甲恶唑的简单、经济的现场批量前处理方法.通过加标回收实验验证了该方法的可行性,并进行了实际样品的现场前处理与测定.结果表明,所制备的印迹聚合物(MIP)具有良好的亲和性和特异选择性;在0.50—1000.00μg·L-1范围内,所建立方法的水样加标回收率为72.0%—100.3%,相对标准偏差为2.2%—5.1%(n=6),方法的检测限为0.01μg·L-1.本实验所采集的5种实际样品(红湖水样、水上乐园水样、鱼塘水样、牛尿和猪尿)中均检出磺胺甲恶唑,其浓度分别为0.76、1.23、1.94、202.0、435.3μg·L-1.     

分散液液微萃取-能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定环境水样中的痕量铜

本文采用分散液液微萃取(DLLME)技术来分离富集环境水样中痕量铜,结合薄样技术,利用能量色散-X射线荧光光谱仪(ED-XRF)对其进行检测.实验以二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(DDTC)为螯合剂,对萃取剂、分散剂的种类及体积、螯合剂的用量、pH值、萃取时间等影响实验萃取效率的因素进行了优化,得出在50μL四氯化碳,0.4 m L甲醇,pH=8,DDTC质量分数为0.03%,萃取时间3 min的条件下进行实验,萃取效率最佳.实验采用内标法进行定量,检出限为0.08μg·L~(-1),对两种实际样品进行6次平行检测,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为3.1%和3.3%,加标回收率为97%—105%.因此本方法适用于环境水样中铜含量的检测.     

高效液相色谱串联大气压化学电离源质谱(HPLC-APCI-MS)法测定水中三氯生

建立了高效液相色谱串联大气压化学电离源质谱(HPLC-APCI-MS)测定水中三氯生的方法,预处理采用正己烷液液萃取法萃取三氯生,回收率达99.6%;优化的色谱质谱联机分析条件为:检测波长230 nm,流动相乙腈/水(75∶25),离子源APCI源,负离子模式;该分析方法能在5 min内实现对水中三氯生的定性与定量分析.质量保证(Quality Assurance,QA)与质量控制(Quality Control,QC)研究得出,仪器检测限为0.18μg·L-1,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations,RSD)为0.59%;空白加标实验回收率为103%,RSD为1.2%;以城市生活污水、河水和自来水为加标基质实验回收率为96.6%—108%,方法检测限为0.26—0.61μg·L-1,RSD为0.28%—0.81%.该方法操作简便,分析方法准确性、精密性与可靠性均较高.     

采用超高效液质联用法测定水体中十二烷基硫酸钠

采用离线固相萃取(SPE)对水体样品中的十二烷基硫酸钠进行了富集浓缩,同时,采用超高效液相色谱与质谱联用仪(UHPLC-MS)对样品进行了准确定性与快速分析.结果表明,该方法的线性回归方程为y=752.1x-5.97,相关系数r=0.995,线性范围为0.05—50μg·m L~(-1),方法定量限为0.05μg·m L~(-1).采用该方法对浦东某区域水体3份样品进行了分析,结果显示水体中十二烷基硫酸钠的含量为未检出—0.011μg·m L~(-1)之间,样品基质加标回收率为67.0%—105.0%,RSD值为5.8%.     

水中磺胺对甲氧嘧啶抗生素的平面波导免疫传感器检测

为满足对水中磺胺类抗生素磺胺对甲氧嘧啶(SMD)快速灵敏检测的需求,本研究基于间接竞争免疫反应原理,结合本课题组自主研发的平面波导免疫传感器,建立了快速检测水环境中的磺胺对甲氧嘧啶(SMD)抗生素的方法.研究结果表明,当抗体浓度优化为1.50μg·mL~(-1)、溶液pH值为中性时,磺胺对甲氧嘧啶(SMD)的检测限可至5.24 ng·L~(-1),定量检测区间为0.03—1.37μg·L~(-1),满足水中SMD抗生素的检测需求;四环素、林可霉素及双酚A三类典型污染物对SMD的检测无明显干扰,本方法具有良好的特异性和选择性,检测周期(包括检测及再生)仅20 min.传感芯片再生性研究表明,检测的核心单元免疫芯片可再生后重复使用,其检测性能在运行100个工作周期后无明显衰减.利用本方法对两种实际水样进行加标回收测试,回收率分别在86.3%—93.2%、86.7%—90.5%之间,相对标准偏差均小于10%.结果表明本方法可用于实际水中SMD的快速检测,同时为其它磺胺类抗生素快速灵敏检测方法的建立提供了参考.     

分散液液微萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定市售饮用水样中7种双酚-二环氧甘油醚

基于分散液液微萃取技术,以实际样品为研究对象,建立了饮用水中内分泌干扰物双酚A-二缩水甘油醚(BADGE)及其衍生物(BADGE·H_2O、BADGE·2H2O、BADGE·HCl、BADGE·2HCl、BADGE·H_2O·HCl)和双酚F-二缩水甘油醚(BFDGE)等7种双酚-二环氧甘油醚的分散液液微萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(DLLME-UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法.以三氯甲烷作为萃取剂(3.00 mL)、丙酮为分散剂(2.00 mL)制备分散液液微萃取系统,超声辅助萃取和浓缩样品中的双酚-二环氧甘油醚.含有0.01 mol·L~(-1)乙酸铵和1%甲酸的甲醇水溶液作为流动相,Waters SymmetryC_(18)分离后,电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式串联四极杆质谱检测.7种双酚-二环氧甘油醚在5.0—1000.0μg·L~(-1)范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9953;在50.00、100.00μg·L~(-1)和500.00μg·L~(-1)的3个添加水平下,7种目标化合物的平均回收率为79.9%—100.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均低于11.6%,检出限在0.5—5.0μg·L~(-1).该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,重复性好,能够在9 min内实现7种双酚-二环氧甘油醚的快速检测和定量分析.     

Effervescence assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by microvolume UV-Vis spectrophotometric determination of surfactants in water

The novel and simple methods for the sensitive determination of cationic and anionic surfactants in water based on effervescence assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and microvolume UV-Vis spectrophotometry have been developed. The method involves ion-pair extraction of cationic and anionic surfactants with organic dyes (methyl orange and azure A, respectively) during the dispersion of extraction solvent (CHCl₃) by CO₂ bubbles which are formed by the injection of a mixture of the extraction solvent and proton donor solvent into the sample solution which contains carbonate-ions as effervescency agent. The analytical performance of the proposed procedure was compared with the conventional dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Appropriate experimental conditions for both methods were investigated. The absorbances of the colored extracts at wavelengths of 440 and 625 nm obey Beer's law within the range of 0.1–5.0 mg/L for both cationic and anionic surfactants. The limit of detection (LOD) obtained using the effervescence assisted extraction method was 30 µg/L for cationic and anionic surfactants. The proposed methods were successfully applied to determination of surfactants in water samples.     

A numerical investigation of three-dimensional falling liquid films

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - In this article, we present a full three-dimensional numerical study of thin liquid films falling on a vertical surface, by solving the full three-dimensional...     

离子液体对有机染料的萃取行为

以疏水性离子液体1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([bmim]PF6)为萃取剂,液-液体系中对6种常见有机染料结晶紫、孔雀绿、罗丹明B、亚甲基蓝、铬天青S以及偶氮氯膦Ⅲ的萃取行为进行了研究,考察了溶液pH、萃取时间、离子液体浓度以及盐的含量对萃取率的影响.结果表明,离子液体对水中不同结构染料的萃取能力有很大差异:在pH 3—9的条件下,离子液体对结晶紫和亚甲基蓝的萃取能力很强,萃取率均在90%以上;在pH值3—5的条件下,对孔雀绿的萃取率在86%以上;在pH值为3的条件下,对罗丹明B的萃取率为94%,且酸度减小时萃取率下降;在pH 7—11时对铬天青S和偶氮氯膦Ⅲ的萃取率分别小于36%和29%,且酸度增大时萃取率下降.对各种染料均可在5—10 min内完成萃取,萃取后分相迅速,相界面清晰,无浑浊或第三相形成,有着传统有机溶剂无法比拟的优点.本研究对采用离子液体萃取净化染料废水和回收废弃燃料具有一定的参考价值.     

Rapid liquid chromatographic analysis of Metoclopramide in pharmaceutical preparations

A sensitive, accurate and reproducible method for the analysis of metoclopramide, a gastrointestinal drug, has been described. An isocratic HPLC elution method was employed which requires about 10 minutes to be performed. The concentration of metoclopramide hydrochloride preparations was found to be 95.1 ±0.3% and 94.21 ±0.25% in tablet and injection formulations, respectively.     

Determination of arsenic in crude petroleum and liquid hydrocarbons

Total arsenic was determined in crude petroleum and liquid hydrocarbons derived from crude petroleum by extraction with boiling water or boiling aqueous nitric acid (concentration 0.25 to 2.5 M), mineralization of the extracts with concentrated nitric/sulphuric acid, and reduction of the arsenate to arsine in a hydride generator. The arsine was flushed into a helium-DC plasma. The arsenic emission was monitored at 228.8 nm. The total arsenic concentration in 53 crude oil samples ranged from 0.04 to 514 mg L^–1 (median 0.84 mg L^–1). Arsenic was also determined in several refined liquid hydrocarbons and in a commercially available arsenic standard in an organic matrix (triphenylarsine in xylene). The method was checked with NIST 1634b Trace Elements in Residual Fuel Oil. The arsenic concentration found in this standard agreed with the certified value (0.12±0.2 g g^–1) within experimental error. Viscous hydrocarbons such as the fuel oil must be dissolved in xylene for the extraction to be successful. Hydride generation applied to an aqueous not-mineralized extract from an oil containing 1.67 g As mL^–1 revealed, that trimethylated arsenic (520 ng mL^–1) is the predominant arsenic species among the reducible and detectable arsenic compounds. Monomethylated arsenic (104 ng ml^–1), inorganic arsenic (23 ng mL^–1), and dimethylated arsenic (low ng mL^–1) were also detected. The sum of the concentrations of these arsenic species accounts for only 39% of the total arsenic in the sample.On leave from Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India     

Rapid liquid chromatographic analysis of flurazepam in pharmaceutical preparation

An accurate and reproducible method for the analysis of flurazepam hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations has been described. A simple and rapid isocratic HPLC elution method was employed which requires about 15 minutes to be performed. The percentage mean recovery of flurazepam hydrochloride in Dalmane capsules was found to be 100.67% + 1.23% of the declared amount     

Decomposition of silicate minerals by Bacillus mucilaginosus in liquid culture

The extraction of K⁺ and SiO₂ from silicate minerals by Bacillus mucilaginosus in liquid culture was studied in incubation experiments. B. mucilaginosus was found to dissolve soil minerals and mica and simultaneously release K⁺ and SiO₂ from the crystal lattices. In contrast, the bacterium did not dissolve feldspar. B. mucilaginosus also produced organic acids and polysaccharides during growth. The polysaccharides strongly adsorbed the organic acids and attached to the surface of the mineral, resulting in an area of high concentration of organic acids near the mineral. The polysaccharides also adsorbed SiO₂ and this affected the equilibrium between the mineral and fluid phases and led to the reaction toward SiO₂ and K⁺ solubilization. These two processes led to the decomposition of silicate minerals by the bacterium.