贻贝仿生三维石墨烯制备及对亚甲基蓝的吸附

受海洋生物贻贝的启发,利用多巴胺(DA)自聚合作用将氧化石墨烯自组装成三维(3D)石墨烯材料,并对亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附行为进行研究.结果显示,3D石墨烯材料具有多孔网络结构,孔径约为0.5μm到几十μm,对MB具有良好的吸附性能,最大吸附量为752 mg·g-1,对MB分子是单分子层吸附,吸附行为符合Langmuir等温吸附和准二级反应动力学方程.通过颗粒内扩散模型对其吸附的扩散机理进行研究,发现吸附初期为外表面扩散吸附,后期为孔道缓慢扩散过程.3D石墨烯对MB吸附具有较好的可再生能力,经过5次的吸附-脱附实验,对MB的去除效率降低20.9%.通过考察其对实际水样中MB的吸附效果,3D石墨烯材料表现出较好的实际应用能力,去除效率均在89%以上.     

三维石墨烯材料在污水处理中的研究进展

随着生态环境的日益恶化,水体污染越来越引起人们的关注.吸附法是去除水体污染简单环保的有效方法.由二维石墨烯相互搭建构筑而成的多孔柔软三维石墨烯材料,具有高表面积、丰富的官能团以及快速的电子转移能力,对多种水体污染物都具有一定的吸附性能.文章对三维石墨烯材料对染料、金属离子、油类等多种水体污染物的吸附性能进行了综述.     

中空硅球表面分子印迹温敏聚合物吸附溶液中的四环素

本文开展了中空温敏分子印迹聚合物(HTMIPs)吸附溶液中四环素(TC)的实验研究,采用牺牲酵母模板法制备的中空硅球作为基质材料,以TC为模板分子,N-异丙基丙烯酰胺为温敏单体,通过沉淀聚合法合成了中空温敏型TC分子的印迹聚合物,利用FT-IR和SEM等方法对HTMIPs的理化性能进行表征,通过静态吸附实验考察HTMIPs对TC的吸附性能.结果表明,HTMIPs对模板分子TC在pH值为5.0时,35℃条件下吸附容量最大,约为72.05μmol·g~(-1),表明该印迹吸附剂对TC具有良好的亲和性和选择吸附性.HTMIPs的等温吸附结果与Freundlich模型拟合更好,动力学吸附结果更符合准二级动力学吸附模型,表明HTMIPs对于TC分子的吸附主要是在非均匀表面共价键作用下的结果.同时,HTMIPs表现出良好的可重复利用性,5次重复吸附-解吸附后吸附量损失约6.64%.因此,所制备的中空温敏印迹聚合物在吸附分离环境水体中的抗生素方面有良好的实际应用前景.     

氧化石墨烯纳米颗粒对抗生素类污染物吸附特征及影响因素

本文通过吸附动力学和吸附等温线探究了氧化石墨烯(GO)纳米颗粒对3种典型的四环素类抗生素(即四环素(TC)、土霉素(OTC)和金霉素(CTC))吸附特征.结果表明,伪二级动力学模型可以很好的拟合吸附动力学的结果,吸附速率可能受化学吸附控制.吸附等温线的结果显示GO对3种抗生素均有较高的吸附能力,且吸附能力依次为：CTC>OTC>TC.这主要是由于四环素类抗生素可以通过π-π作用、阳离子-π键、疏水作用以及静电作用等机制与GO产生结合.此外,四环素类抗生素在GO上的吸附行为与背景溶液的水化学条件(如pH、离子强度和二价金属离子)密切相关.总体来讲,由于静电斥力的增强,抗生素在GO上的吸附量随着背景溶液pH值的升高或离子强度(NaCl)的增加而降低,这主要是由于静电引力和吸附点位的减少所致;二价阳离子(Cu²⁺)可以通过表面桥连作用,显著促进抗生素在GO上的吸附.本研究结果清楚地表明抗生素本身的化学性质和背景溶液的水化学条件在GO去除抗生素的过程起着重要作用.     

氧化石墨烯纳米材料的制备及其对Eu(Ⅲ)吸附性能

通过改良的Hummers法制备了氧化石墨烯纳米材料,用于水中核素的吸附.通过调节氧化剂用量,改变了氧化石墨烯的微观结构进而获得了良好的核素吸附性能.研究发现随着氧化剂用量的提高,氧化石墨烯结构的无序度逐渐增大,结构层缺陷增多,晶面间距增加,微晶尺寸减少,氧化石墨烯片层出现褶皱.静态单核素吸附实验表明,氧化石墨烯对核素有着良好的吸附效果,高氧化度的氧化石墨烯纳米材料对Eu(Ⅲ)的吸附性能良好,最大吸附容量为76.46 mg·g~(-1),吸附规律更接近于Langmuir模型.此外,本文还对氧化石墨烯的吸附动力学、固液比影响进行了研究.研究结果表明,氧化石墨烯在核电厂放射性废水的处理方面具有广阔的应用前景.     

改性生物炭对水体中抗生素的去除研究进展

随着社会经济的不断发展,抗生素造成的水体环境污染问题已不容忽视.利用生物炭去除水体中的抗生素是解决这一问题的有效手段之一.然而,原始生物炭对水体中抗生素等有机污染物的去除存在一定局限性,因此对生物炭进行改性以提升其吸附能力尤为必要.生物炭的吸附性能受生物质类型、碳化条件和改性方法等因素影响较大,导致目前虽然开展了许多相关研究,但结论不一,尤其是在不同改性生物炭对不同抗生素吸附机理的解释方面还不是很清楚,因此有必要对现有研究进行系统地归纳和总结.本文首先对用于抗生素吸附的改性生物炭制备方法及理化性质表征方法进行了介绍,综述了改性生物炭对不同种类抗生素(磺胺类、喹诺酮类、四环素类、大环内酯类、氯霉素类)的吸附效果、吸附机理及其影响因素(如溶液pH值、热解温度、改性材料等),对比分析了生物炭改性前后吸附效果的差异,对目前改性生物炭用于去除水体中抗生素存在的问题进行了分析和总结,在此基础上,对今后该领域的研究和发展方向进行了展望,以期为将来开展相关的研究工作提供一定的参考.     

生物炭及氧化石墨烯/生物炭复合材料对水中抗生素吸附性能研究

以水稻秸秆、牛粪和氧化石墨烯为原料,制备4种不同类型生物炭:水稻秸秆生物炭、牛粪生物炭、氧化石墨烯/水稻秸秆生物炭和氧化石墨烯/牛粪生物炭;以水中常见的四环素类抗生素和磺胺类抗生素中的土霉素、四环素、磺胺二甲嘧啶和磺胺甲恶唑为目标污染物,探讨不同类型生物炭对水中抗生素吸附特性.实验结果表明,抗生素在不同类型生物炭上吸附...     

氧化石墨烯对水环境中金属离子的吸附作用研究进展

氧化石墨烯是一种具有2D晶型独立片层结构的新型碳纳米材料,其厚度仅为一个碳原子的高度.由于其具有吸附率高、易制得、可生物降解和可回收再利用等特点,近年来在水处理研究中受到越来越多的关注.本文围绕氧化石墨烯的结构和性质,阐述了氧化石墨烯对水环境中金属离子的主要吸附机制,讨论并总结了影响氧化石墨烯吸附能力的主要环境因素,并对氧化石墨烯的应用前景及研究趋势进行了展望.     

改性水生植物生物炭对低浓度硝态氮的吸附特性

为有效去除富营养化水体中硝态氮,以再力花(Thalia dealbata)、香蒲(Typha orientalis)和芦苇(Phragmites australis)3种水生植物为原材料制备生物炭,并采用氯化铁改性后进行吸附试验,探索改性水生植物生物炭对水体中低浓度硝态氮的吸附效果。结果表明:铁改性水生植物生物炭表面负载了大量Fe3+形成Fe—O基团,大幅提升了其对硝态氮的吸附性能,其中铁改性香蒲生物炭平衡吸附量最大,达到1.747 mg·g~(-1)。3种改性水生植物生物炭对低浓度硝态氮的吸附符合准二级动力学和Freundlich模型,吸附主要为生物炭表面非均一多分子层化学吸附。溶液初始pH值在3.0~9.0范围内对铁改性水生植物生物炭吸附硝态氮能力影响较小,吸附最适合pH为中性。因此,铁改性水生植物生物炭能有效去除水体中低浓度硝态氮,同时实现了水生植物资源化,具有良好的应用前景。     

慢生根瘤菌DG的分离、鉴定及其与降香黄檀的共生关系

从大果紫檀根瘤中分离到一株慢生型根瘤菌DG,通过其形态特征观察、保守基因序列分析以及生物学特性研究等方面进行种类鉴定,通过结瘤试验了解DG与降香黄檀的共生关系,并探讨其共生固氮能力.16S rRNA、nifH和dnaK系统发育结果表明,该菌株与Bradyrhizobium elkanii同源性最高.菌株DG与B,elkanii USDA76T在碳源利用、抗生素抗性、耐受NaCl等生物学特性上基本一致,而且还能在pH 10.0下良好生长.结瘤试验显示,菌株DG能在降香黄檀根部结瘤;接种DG的降香黄檀幼苗植株的株高、干重以及全氮含量(P<0.05)显著高于对照处理,表明DG能与降香黄檀形成良好的共生关系,且具有高效的固氮能力.图4表2参27     

Effects of adding biochar on tetracycline removal during anaerobic composting of swine manure

Residual antibiotics in manure pose a potential threat to public and ecological health when the manure is released to the environment via land application of manure as fertiliser. Anaerobic composting has the potential to decrease antibiotic concentrations prior to land application. We therefore investigated the degradation of the antibiotics tetracycline (TC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) during anaerobic composting under different conditions. All composting treatment conditions were able to effect significant decreases in the antibiotic concentrations, though without biochar antibiotic residues remained. TC and OTC were removed more efficiently when the compost was treated at 55°C than treatments at 35°C or 25°C. Adding biochar significantly and rapidly decreased the antibiotic concentrations in the compost samples. After 15 days of treatment with biochar at 55°C, 100% of TC and OTC had been removed from the manure. The marked ability of biochar to remove the antibiotics was primarily attributed to adsorption of TC and OTC by the biochar. However, the addition of biochar may also have altered the microbial community structures within the compost and accelerated microbial degradation of the antibiotics.     

Fabrication of magnetic multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer composite for the selective and efficient removal of tetracyclines from water

• Magnetic multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer composite was synthesized. • MIP composite was used as the adsorbent for removal of tetracyclines from water. • MIP composite showed excellent adsorption selectivity toward tetracyclines. • MIP composite possessed good reusability. Antibiotic contamination of the water environment has attracted much attention from researchers because of their potential hazards to humans and ecosystems. In this study, a multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) modified mesoporous silica coated magnetic graphene oxide (MGO@MS@MIP) was prepared by the surface imprinting method via a sol-gel process and was used for the selective, efficient and simultaneous removal of tetracyclines (TCs), including doxycycline (DC), tetracycline (TC), chlorotetracycline (CTC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) from water. The synthesized MIP composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope and thermogravimetric analysis. The adsorption properties of MGO@MS@MIP for these TCs were characterized through adsorption kinetics, isotherms and selectivity tests. The MIP composite revealed larger adsorption quantities, excellent selectivity and rapid kinetics for these four tetracyclines. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic and followed the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The MGO@MS@MIP could specifically recognize DC, TC, CTC and OTC in the presence of some chemical analogs. In addition, the sorption capacity of the MIP composite did not decrease significantly after repeated application for at least five cycles. Thus, the prepared magnetic MIP composite has great potential to contribute to the effective separation and removal of tetracyclines from water.     

Preparation of a novel anion exchange group modified hyper-crosslinked resin for the effective adsorption of both tetracycline and humic acid

A novel hyper-crosslinked resin (MENQ) modified with an anion exchange group was prepared using divinylbenzene (DVB) and methyl acrylate (MA) as comonomers via four steps: suspension polymerization, post-crosslinking, ammonolysis and alkylation reactions. The obtained resin had both a high specific surface area (793.34 m²·g^-1) and a large exchange capacity (strong base anion exchange capacity, SEC: 0.74 mmol·g^-1, weak base anion exchange capacity, WEC: 0.45 mmol·g^-1). XAD-4 was selected as an adsorbent for comparison to investigate the adsorption behavior of tetracycline (TC) and humic acid (HA) onto the adsorbents. The results revealed that MENQ could effectively remove both TC and HA. The adsorption capacity of XAD-4 for TC was similar to that of MENQ, but XAD-4 exhibited poor performance for the adsorption of HA. The adsorption isotherms of TC and HA were well-fitted with the Freundlich model, which indicated the existence of heterogeneous adsorption through cation-π bonding and π–π interactions. The optimal solution condition for the adsorption of TC was at a pH of 5–6, whereas the adsorption of HA was enhanced with increasing pH of the solution.     

Ammonia adsorption on graphene and graphene oxide: a first-principles study

Motivated by the recent realization of graphene sensor to detect gas molecules that are harmful to the environment, the ammonia adsorption on graphene or graphene oxide (GO) was investigated using first-principles calculation. The optimal adsorption and orientation of the NH₃ molecules on the graphene surfaces were determined, and the adsorption energies (E _b) as well as the Mulliken charge transfers of NH₃ were calculated. The E _b for the graphene are small and seem to be independent of the sites and orientations. The surface epoxy or hydroxyl groups can promote the adsorption of NH₃ on the GO; the enhancement of the E _b for the hydroxyl groups is greater than that for the epoxy groups on the surface. The charge transfers from the molecule to the surfaces also exhibit the same trend. The Brönsted acid sites and Lewis acid sites could stably exist on the GO with surface hydroxyl groups and on the basal, respectively.     

Effects of different concentrations of tetracycline and oxytetracycline on the growth and ecotoxicity in lettuce北大核心CSCD

四环素类抗生素(TCs)是目前我国应用广泛、用量最大的一类抗生素,畜禽粪便和土壤中存在TCs残留,影响蔬菜作物的生长发育. TCs因水溶性较高更容易被植物转运和积累,植物对TCs耐受性机理研究仍不足.为更全面探究土壤TCs对蔬菜的毒性作用,研究不同浓度四环素(TC)和土霉素(OTC)分别对生菜的抗生素残留、生长特征及抗氧化酶系统的影响.结果显示,在0(对照)、2、10、50、250 mg/kg 5个施用水平下,生菜叶片抗生素含量逐渐增加,且土霉素含量始终大于四环素含量.与对照相比,抗生素浓度在50 mg/kg以上时对生菜生长具有显著抑制作用,其中,株高、根长、地上部和地下部鲜重与叶片TC残留量具显著负相关.生菜叶片的脯氨酸含量随浓度增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,在10 mg/kg时达到最大.并且低浓度(2 mg/kg)促进抗氧化酶基因SOD、POD21和CAT的表达,高浓度抗生素(50、250 mg/kg)对其产生抑制作用,10 mg/kg的抗生素处理对SOD、POD21和CAT基因表达的影响在抗生素种类上存在差异.本研究表明抗生素浓度超过50 mg/kg对生菜生长产生抑制作用,脯氨酸和抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT的转录水平及其酶活性能快速响应抗生素胁迫,可作为生菜对抗生素抗性的辅助评价指标.(图8表3参19)     

Penicillin fermentation residue biochar as a high-performance electrode for membrane capacitive deionization

● We have provided an activated method to remove the toxicity of antibiotic residue. ● PFRB can greatly improve the salt adsorption capacity of MCDI. ● The hierarchical porous and abundant O/N-doped played the key role for the high-capacity desalination. ● A new field of reuse of penicillin fermentation residue has been developed. Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) is an efficient desalination technology for brine. Penicillin fermentation residue biochar (PFRB) possesses a hierarchical porous and O/N-doped structure which could serve as a high-capacity desalination electrode in the MCDI system. Under optimal conditions (electrode weight, voltage, and concentration) and a carbonization temperature of 700 °C, the maximum salt adsorption capacity of the electrode can reach 26.4 mg/g, which is higher than that of most carbon electrodes. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of the PFRB electrode were characterized through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with a maximum specific capacitance of 212.18 F/g. Finally, biotoxicity tests have showed that PFRB was non-biotoxin against luminescent bacteria and the MCDI system with the PFRB electrode remained stable even after 27 adsorption–desorption cycles. This study provides a novel way to recycle penicillin residue and an electrode that can achieve excellent desalination.     

Adsorption of toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers on multi-walled carbon nanotubes oxidized by different concentration of NaOCl

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were fabricated and oxidized by different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions. The untreated MWCNTs and modified MWCNTs were employed as adsorbents to study their characterizations and adsorption performance of toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers (TEX) in an aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties of MWCNTs were greatly affected after oxidation, which influences TEX adsorption capacity. The 3% NaOCl-oxidized MWCNTs shows the greatest enhancement in TEX adsorption, followed by the 30% NaOCl. More interestingly, the 15% NaOCl-oxidized MWCNTs has lower adsorption capacities than untreated MWCNTs. The adsorption mechanism of TEX on treated MWCNTs is attributed to the combined action of hydrophobic interaction, π-π bonding interaction between the aromatic ring of TEX and the oxygen-containing functional groups of MWCNTs and electrostatic interaction. 3% NaOCl solution could not only introduce much oxygen-containing functional groups on MWCNTs, but also lead to less damage for the pore structure. This suggests that the CNTs-3% NaOCl is efficient adsorbent for TEX and that they may possess good potential for TEX removal in wastewater treatment.     

汉麻粉体/PVDF共混膜的制备、表征及对Cu~(2+)吸附性能研究

采用浸没沉淀法,制备了汉麻粉体/PVDF混合平板膜,分别采用扫描电镜、孔隙率、机械性能测试对膜结构和性能进行表征,探究汉麻粉体对膜结构性能的影响。结果表明:膜结构为指状多孔膜,随着汉麻粉体含量的增加,从断面结构可见,脆性增加,断面整齐,指状孔明显,膜的孔径有先增大、后减小的趋势;表征结果表明膜的孔隙率有提高的趋势;承受最大载荷增加,断裂伸长率下降。汉麻粉体膜制备完成后,采用静态吸附法进行吸附试验,分别探讨了温度、粉体含量、铜离子的初始浓度对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:汉麻粉体膜对铜离子的吸附,当温度为25℃时,吸附量与吸附率最佳;随着粉体含量的增加,吸附量与吸附率先减小、后增大的趋势。初始浓度的影响较为显著,随着初始浓度的增加,吸附量与吸附率也随之增加。     

Occurrence,toxicity and adsorptive removal of the chloramphenicol antibiotic in water: a review

Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum bacterial antibiotic used against conjunctivitis, meningitis, plague, cholera, and typhoid fever. As a consequence, chloramphenicol ends up polluting the aquatic environment, wastewater treatment plants, and hospital wastewaters, thus disrupting ecosystems and inducing microbial resistance. Here, we review the occurrence, toxicity, and removal of chloramphenicol with emphasis on adsorption techniques. We present the adsorption performance of adsorbents such as biochar, activated carbon, porous carbon, metal–organic framework, composites, zeolites, minerals, molecularly imprinted polymers, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The effect of dose, pH, temperature, initial concentration, and contact time is discussed. Adsorption is controlled by π–π interactions, donor–acceptor interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions. We also discuss isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamic data, selection of eluents, desorption efficiency, and regeneration of adsorbents. Porous carbon-based adsorbents exhibit excellent adsorption capacities of 500–1240 mg g^?1. Most adsorbents can be reused over at least four cycles.

     

Recent advances in antimony removal using carbon-based nanomaterials: A review

• The synthesis and physicochemical properties of various CNMs are reviewed. • Sb removal using carbon-based nano-adsorbents and membranes are summarized. • Details on adsorption behavior and mechanisms of Sb uptake by CNMs are discussed. • Challenges and future prospects for rational design of advanced CNMs are provided. Recently, special attention has been deserved to environmental risks of antimony (Sb) element that is of highly physiologic toxicity to human. Conventional coagulation and ion exchange methods for Sb removal are faced with challenges of low efficiency, high cost and secondary pollution. Adsorption based on carbon nanomaterials (CNMs; e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and their derivatives) may provide effective alternative because the CNMs have high surface area, rich surface chemistry and high stability. In particular, good conductivity makes it possible to create linkage between adsorption and electrochemistry, thereby the synergistic interaction will be expected for enhanced Sb removal. This review article summarizes the state of art on Sb removal using CNMs with the form of nano-adsorbents and/or filtration membranes. In details, procedures of synthesis and functionalization of different forms of CNMs were reviewed. Next, adsorption behavior and the underlying mechanisms toward Sb removal using various CNMs were presented as resulting from a retrospective analysis of literatures. Last, we prospect the needs for mass production and regeneration of CNMs adsorbents using more affordable precursors and objective assessment of environmental impacts in future studies.