共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 671 毫秒
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论排污许可证制度对点源排放控制政策的整合 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中国水污染防治政策很多,包括环境影响评价、"三同时"、排污收费等,但各项政策基本是分散和独立执行的,没有核心和基础的政策,不成体系,缺乏效率。基于排污许可证作为政府的执法文件的角度,论证了将分散的点源排放控制政策围绕排污许可证整合为系统的排放控制政策体系。中国已具备实施排污许可证制度的基础条件,以排污许可证制度为基础的政策整合对现有点源排放控制政策进行了修改、补充和改进,将其整合为一个系统的点源排放控制政策体系,使各级管理部门可以各司其职,协调合作;协调整合不同类型的政策手段,使命令控制、经济激励和劝说鼓励3类手段相互补充,进一步提高政策执行效率,降低政策执行成本,提高排放控制政策效果、效率,降低执法和守法成本。 相似文献
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论环境政策分析的一般模式 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
环境政策是国家(不仅指政府)为保护环境所采取的一系列控制、管理、调节措施的总和.环境政策分析是为了解决环境政策问题,采用定性和定量的方法,对环境政策实施过程、效果等内容进行的规范性和实证性分析.环境政策分析的一般模式包含8个要素:(1)干系人责任机制分析;(2)环境政策问题识别和确认;(3)环境政策目标分析;(4)环境政策框架分析;(5)环境政策手段分析;(6)决策机制分析;(7)管理机制分析;(8)环境政策评估和建议.同时,通过对每一要素及其分析方法的深入探讨,以指导研究人员开展相关的工作.环境政策分析的具体模式可以依据一般模式细化或简化,目的是使环境政策分析本身更有效率. 相似文献
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《环境污染与防治》2015,(5)
采用环境政策分析的一般模式,从政策目标、政策框架、管理手段、管理体制与机制等方面对中国现有的农业面源污染防治政策展开评估,提出政策改进的建议。结果显示,虽然目前农业面源污染防治政策体系正在逐步健全,但仍未建立起从目标、管理方案、实施计划到政策评估的系统性农业面源污染防治框架;现有政策在确定性和经济效率方面均显不足,对农业源排放的总量控制目标设定过于粗糙,缺乏充分的监测作为支撑,且没有配合推动系统实施的管理实践来保证目标实现;农业面源污染防治的基础信息严重匮乏,资金供给难以满足需求。建议建立流域农业面源污染控制规划制度,完善农业面源污染防治的政策框架和信息机制,加大农业面源污染防治投入力度。 相似文献
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政策是一定时期内指导工作的准则.开展环境政策的研究,对于促进环境保护工作的发展具有重要作用.环境政策按其研究对象区分,有宏观的环境政策和微观的环境政策.本文拟对上述问题作初步探讨. 相似文献
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城市固体废物管理源头政策调控系统动力学模型 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
把城市居民固体废弃物源头调控政策、居民的废弃物分类行为与固体废弃物处置管理系统看成动态演化的反馈系统.在固体废弃物从量收费政策和法规政策影响下,采用系统动力学模型分析居民参与废弃物管理的行为对整个废弃物管理系统的动态影响.用开发的昆明城市同体废弃物系统动力学模型对3种设定的政策情景进行了仿真.结果表明:要实现同体废弃物处置与管理的可持续发展,必须在源头上通过收费和法规等政策促使居民参加到废弃物管理系统中,注重提高资源化和无害化能力的同时,要加强源头减量和回收的力度,减少废弃物的非法处置. 相似文献
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一是改变燃料政策,主要是由煤改油;二是推行低污染技术政策;三是限制和禁止剧毒物质政策,如禁止有机氯农药等;四是节约用水政策,主要是提高水的循环利用率;五是实行区域综合防治政策。 相似文献
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《国际环境与污染杂志》2011,15(1):22-41
As the number of environmental policy instruments grows, so the potential for interaction between different instruments increases. This interaction can be detrimental or beneficial. To avoid conflict, it is essential that the potential for interaction be assessed during the formulation of new policy instruments. This paper illustrates this through an analysis of how the European Directive on Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control might interact with future schemes for carbon emissions trading. Both instruments encourage industrial energy efficiency, but in fundamentally different ways. This is demonstrated through a detailed comparison of the two policy instruments, followed by the development of three implementation scenarios for IPPC, in which the interaction with potential carbon trading schemes is assessed. The paper concludes that the interpretation of the IPPC energy efficiency requirements could either constrain or facilitate the participation of regulated installations in any carbon trading scheme. 相似文献
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J. L. Zhang Y. P. Li G. H. Huang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(7):5036-5053
In this study, a robust simulation–optimization modeling system (RSOMS) is developed for supporting agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) effluent trading planning. The RSOMS can enhance effluent trading through incorporation of a distributed simulation model and an optimization model within its framework. The modeling system not only can handle uncertainties expressed as probability density functions and interval values but also deal with the variability of the second-stage costs that are above the expected level as well as capture the notion of risk under high-variability situations. A case study is conducted for mitigating agricultural NPS pollution with an effluent trading program in Xiangxi watershed. Compared with non-trading policy, trading scheme can successfully mitigate agricultural NPS pollution with an increased system benefit. Through trading scheme, [213.7, 288.8]?×?103 kg of TN and [11.8, 30.2]?×?103 kg of TP emissions from cropped area can be cut down during the planning horizon. The results can help identify desired effluent trading schemes for water quality management with the tradeoff between the system benefit and reliability being balanced and risk aversion being considered. 相似文献
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The Fallacies of Concurrent Climate Policy Efforts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marian Radetzki 《Ambio》2010,39(3):211-222
Climate policy has assumed an extreme degree of urgency in the international debate in recent years. This article begins by
taking a critical look at the scientific underpinnings of the efforts to stabilize the climate. It points to several serious
question marks on the purported relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and global warming, and expresses distrust about
claims of impending catastrophes related to rising sea levels, hurricanes, and spread of infectious disease. It then reviews
the concurrent climate policy efforts and concludes that they are incoherent, misguided and unduly costly, and that they have
so far had no perceptible impact on anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The exceedingly ambitious policy plans currently
under preparation suffer from similar fallacies. For these reasons, but also because of the remaining scientific doubts and
the exorbitant costs that have to be incurred, skepticism is expressed about the preparedness to implement the climate policy
plans currently on the table. 相似文献
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《国际环境与污染杂志》2011,18(6):521-540
As is the case in most developing countries, China relies on command-and-control regulation to control air pollution. While it has instituted a modest air pollution levy system in the past 20 years for emissions in excess of standards, the effect on emission levels has been minimal. This paper focuses on how to use emissions trading as a policy instrument to achieve cost-effective reductions in air pollution in Beijing. Emissions or allowance trading has been widely applied to air pollution control in the USA during the past 25 years. Three of the most recent programmes will be examined, which provide applicable experience for possible SO2 and NOx trading in the Beijing region. A trading strategy for Beijing will be proposed by comparing the economic and political institutional differences between the USA and China, which could eventually facilitate acceptance of an international greenhouse gas trading system. 相似文献
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随着江苏省循环经济工作的不断推进,构建一套适合省情的循环经济政策体系已经显得越来越重要.因此,通过对发达国家循环经济政策体系的分析,结合江苏省循环经济的开展现状,构想了一套循环经济的政策体系,并对潜在的政策风险进行了初步分析. 相似文献
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基于系统动力学模型的工业固废管理政策作用仿真 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于系统动力学(SD)原理,首先对工业固体废弃物管理政策与其他各要素间的相互关系进行了分析,构建了因果关系图及流图;在此基础上建立了系统动力学(SD)方程,定义了激励因子和约束因子的概念,明确了其与系统其他各要素间的关系及相关参数的确定方法;最后以辽宁省为例进行实证研究,预测了辽宁省未来工业固体废弃物的产生量、综合利用量、处置量、排放量、贮存量、累积贮存量的变化趋势,对政府的激励和约束政策的变化对工业固体废弃物不同处理方式的作用效果进行了仿真。研究成果对政府科学制定政策,提高我国工业固体废弃物管理的研究水平具有重要理论与现实意义。 相似文献
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D Burtraw K Palmer R Bharvirkar A Paul 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2001,51(10):1476-1489
This paper analyzes the benefits and costs of policies to reduce NOx emissions from electricity generation in the United States. Because emissions of NO contribute to the high concentration of atmospheric ozone in the eastern states associated with health hazards, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has called on eastern states to formulate state implementation plans (SIPs) for reducing NOx emissions. Our analysis considers three NOx reduction scenarios: a summer seasonal cap in the eastern states covered by EPA's NOx SIP Call, an annual cap in the same SIP Call region, and a national annual cap. All scenarios allow for emissions trading. Although EPA's current policy is to implement a seasonal cap in the SIP Call region, this analysis indicates that an annual cap in the SIP Call region would yield about $400 million more in net benefits (benefits less costs) than would a seasonal policy, based on particulate-related health effects only. An annual cap in the SIP Call region is also the policy that is most likely to achieve benefits in excess of costs. Consideration of omissions from this accounting, including the potential benefits from reductions in ozone concentrations, strengthens the finding that an annual program offers greater net benefits than does a seasonal program. 相似文献