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对大庆测井公司放射源库及周围环境的放射性水平进行了调查,调查内容分为环境空气气溶胶辐射水平、水环境辐射水平、环境地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率及土壤环境辐射水平四个方面.监测调查结果表明:源库内和源库外总α、总β监测值与对照点比较,均没有显著性差异,说明空气中的环境是安全的;放射源库周围水环境总α、总β监测值符合相应标准规定,说明水环境未受到放射性污染;γ辐射空气吸收剂量率监测值范围均在黑龙江省室外天然本底值21.6×10-9~196.9×10-9 Cy/h范围内,说明放射源库室外地区未受到放射性污染;土壤监测值与黑龙江省土壤放射性水平进行了对比,也未发现放射源库周围土壤环境受到放射性污染.总之,大庆石油管理局测井公司放射源库未形成对周围环境及人群健康的不良影响. 相似文献
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基于生命周期评价法(LCA)评价加氢脱硫废金属催化剂回收生产过程的环境影响,将回收生产过程分为6个阶段,选取了12种关键环境影响类型,通过建立物质投入及排放清单,基于eBalance软件进行建模和计算。结果表明:回收1 t废催化剂的总环境影响为1.11E-08,其中,全球变暖效应潜值(GWP)是废催化剂回收生产过程中最大的环境影响贡献类型。焙烧阶段的环境影响贡献最大,其次为提取钴镍阶段、浓缩蒸发阶段、提取钼钒阶段,预处理阶段、运输阶段的环境影响贡献很小。基于生命周期评价法提出能源替代方案,清洁能源替代方案的环境影响为4.98E-09,较回收工艺环境影响削减了55.16%的环境影响。 相似文献
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本文以密封放射源为研究对象,首先从思想认识、工作人员以及工作内容这三个方面入手,简要分析了密封放射源安全与监管工作中所存在的主要问题.进而详细研究了强化密封放射源安全及监管工作质量的有效措施,提出以下几点完善措施:(1)实现对密封放射源“全链式”的通报与盘查工作;(2)引导废密封放射源返回生产单位或者是出口国,以保障废密封放射源的安全性.结合上述分析,希望能够为密封放射源的安全管理及合理应用提供一定的参考与借鉴. 相似文献
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核电厂放射性废物管理的现状 核电厂放射性废物管理包括与废物产生、预处理、处理、整备、贮存、运输、处置和退役相关的各项行政与技术活动,是从废物产生到处置的全过程管理.放射性废物安全是核与辐射安全的重要组成部分. 相似文献
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徐州市密封源使用单位辐射防护现状分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
调查徐州市密封(放射)源使用单位的辐射防护现状,并对辐射工作场所进行监测,对密封(放射)源表面5 cm和100 cm处进行监测.每个监测点读取10个数据取平均值.结果显示徐州市70家密封源使用单位全部办理辐射安全许可证,办证率为100%.电离辐射警告标志使用率为100%,辐射工作人员上岗持证率达到92%.所有放射源装置均进行焊接固定,加筑铅屏蔽层.徐州市密封放射源使用单位辐射防护现状良好. 相似文献
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医疗卫生项目环境影响评价具有独特的特点,具有较高的环境风险、专业性和复杂性。文章对医疗卫生项目环境影响评价中涉及的项目选址,水、气、声、固体废物、放射性和电磁辐射等环境影响因子进行研究,对评价适用标准、评价等级、污染来源、产污估算和污染防控措施等进行了分析与讨论,以期为医疗卫生项目环境影响评价以及相关部门的审批工作提供一定依据。 相似文献
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新疆是中国富煤省(区)之一,约占全国煤炭储量的40%。在长期的放射性科研、监测和环境影响评价工作中,发现部分地区的部分煤炭中伴生有较高的放射性核素,部分煤层甚至达到了核工业开采水平。然而关于伴生放射性煤矿监管方面的法律、法规尚未健全,监管体系尚处于探索之中。本文尝试从煤矿企业的地质勘探报告、辐射环境影响评价、项目竣工环境保护验收监测及监督性监测等环节入手,从源头上控制煤炭的放射性污染,初步探讨新疆伴生放射性煤矿监管体系。一方面将为企业的煤炭开发、煤渣利用提供技术指导,另一方面为新疆环境监管部门加强伴生放射性煤矿监管提供决策依据。 相似文献
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The environmental concern and development issues regarding packaging has for 20 years to a high extent been on packaging when it has become waste. To reduce the environmental impact from the whole food packaging system it is also important to develop the packaging’s ability to reduce food waste. In some cases it may be necessary to increase the environmental impact of packaging in order to reduce food waste. In this paper, the environmental impact of packaging and food losses and the balance between the two has been examined for five different food items. The results show that packaging’s that reduce food waste can be an important tool to reduce the total environmental impact, even if there is an increase in impact from the packaging itself. This is especially true for food items where the environmental impact of the food is high relative the packaging, for example cheese, and for food items with high losses, for example bread. It is important to analyse the risk of increasing food losses when packaging design changes, for example, when the aim is less packaging material, which is the main intention of the packaging and packaging waste directive of the European Union. 相似文献
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目的克服传统环境核辐射监测的局限性,设计一种搭载GM计数管的固定翼无人机进行高空远距离环境核辐射剂量率监测的系统。方法系统通过编程简单、拓展强等开发特点的Arduino单片机完成探测器的硬件设计,同时利用LabVIEW的强大VISA通讯模块实现地面站的设计,最后借助无人机自驾仪Pixhack以实现对无人机稳定可靠控制。结果系统地面站操作界面简洁,测量数据图表直观。探测器对于放射源具有较好的计数响应。Pixhack对飞行平台有良好的稳定和控制作用。结论系统借助GM计数管作为辐射探测器探头,能够完成高空远程辐射监测任务,在结构设计仍具有很大的拓展空间,可满足日常环境核辐射本底剂量率普查,以及核应急、大范围辐射监测、远程辐射监测等任务。 相似文献
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Minghui Xie Li Li Qi Qiao Qihong Sun Tichang Sun 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2011,19(17-18):2100-2106
A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach was used to compare the environmental impacts in the life cycle of two milk packaging systems, PA-PE-Al laminate—a laminated foil made from paper, polyethylene and aluminum foil—and polyethylene. The data for the mass, energy fluxes and environmental emissions were obtained from published literature and from site investigations, for the two systems being analyzed for environmental impacts. The application of LCA using Eco-Indicator 99 has made the comparison of the environmental impacts of the two milk packages possible. The results of this LCA study are discussed and the results reveal that the composite packaging has a slightly higher environmental impact than the plastic one. In addition, the environmental impact of raw material extraction is the highest in all of the life cycle stages except for disposal. The environmental impact of composite packaging mainly comes from the fossil fuels, land use and respiratory inorganics categories, while the plastic packaging mainly comes from the fossil fuels category. However, the composite packaging has a greater environmental impact because it has not been well recycled and reused. This environmental impact could be decreased by developing the technology to separate out polyethylene and aluminum from the packaging. 相似文献
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A screening life cycle assessment (LCA) of tomato ketchup has been carried out. The purpose was to identify ‘hot-spots', that is parts of the life-cycle that are important to the total environmental impact. The system investigated includes agricultural production, industrial refining, packaging, transportation, consumption and waste management. Energy use and emissions were quantified and some of the potential environmental effects assessed. Packaging and food processing were found to be hot-spots for many, but not all, of the impact categories investigated. For primary energy use, the storage time in a refrigerator (household phase) was found to be a critical parameter. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cleaner Production》2008,16(7):853-859
This study explores the possibilities of increasing customer satisfaction and reducing the environmental impact from food-packaging systems in a life cycle perspective using results from a study on consumers' demands on packaging based on Kano's Theory of Attractive Quality. It assesses the environmental effects of potential improvements in quality attributes. The results show that there are obvious potentials to increase customer satisfaction and at the same time decrease in the environmental impact of the food-packaging system, especially when the packaging design helps to decrease food losses. There were many connections between quality attributes and environmental impacts. 相似文献