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1.
基于GIS的自然保护区管理信息系统建设 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
探讨了GIS在自然保护区建设与管理中的应用,以及利用最新的组件式GIS技术开发适合保护区的管理信息系统.结合GIS的信息管理模式比传统的信息管理更能实时地表现空间数据,提高了自然保护区的科研与工作效率.介绍了自然保护区信息管理系统的设计原则、开发方式、总体构架、数据库及其主要功能. 相似文献
2.
Factors affecting private forest landowner interest in ecosystem management: linking spatial and survey data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jacobson MG 《Environmental management》2002,30(4):577-583
Many factors influence forest landowner management decisions. This study examines landowner decisions regarding participation
in ecosystem management activities, such as a landscape corridor cutting across their private lands. Landscape corridors are
recognized worldwide as an important tool in biodiversity conservation. For ecosystem management activities to occur in areas
dominated by a multitude of small private forest landholdings, landowner participation and cooperation is necessary. Data
from a survey of landowners combined with an analysis of their land's spatial attributes is used to assess their interest
in ecosystem management. Results suggest that spatial attributes are not good predictors of an owner's interest in ecosystem
management. Other factors such as attitudes and opinions about the environment are more effective in explaining landowner
interest. The results have implications for any land manager using GIS data and implementing ecosystem management activities
on private forestland. 相似文献
3.
Ecosystem modeling with GIS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
George L. Ball 《Environmental management》1994,18(3):345-349
Management of natural resources is becoming a complex problem. To ensure sustainability of the resources, the manager must
have better tools with which to make decisions. The development of simulation models that make use of GIS data bases is an
emerging area of resource management. This paper examines several grid-based models and addresses the use of GIS programs
to construct spatial dynamic models. Some considerations for the implementation of modeling using GIS data bases are provided.
The capability to simulate ecosystem processes such as fire, erosion, and other factors will allow the resource manager to
make more informed decisions by evaluating potential consequences on the computer. 相似文献
4.
Because ecosystem approaches to management adhere to ecological systems rather than human-defined boundaries, collaboration across jurisdiction, agencies, and land ownership is often necessary to achieve effective management of transboundary resources. Local natural resource and land use planners increasingly recognize that while ecosystem management requires looking beyond specific jurisdictions and focusing on broad spatial scales, the approach will partly be implemented at the local level with the coordination of local policies across larger landscapes. This article evaluates the collective capabilities of local jurisdictions to manage large transboundary ecological systems in Florida. Specifically, it combines plan evaluation with geographic information systems (GIS) techniques to map, measure, and analyze the existing mosaic of management across selected ecosystems in the southern portion of the State. Visual and statistical results indicate significant gaps in the management framework of southern Florida that, if filled, could achieve a greater level of consistency and more complete coverage of ecosystem management policies. Based on the spatial distribution of 58 ecosystem management indicators, notable gaps persist in the southwest coast, southeast coast, and central Everglades ecosystems, particularly for wildlife corridors and collaboration with neighboring jurisdictions. We also test for spatial autocorrelation of ecosystem planning scores and find that local jurisdictions with strong ecosystem management capabilities tend to cluster within specific ecosystems. Based on the findings, we make recommendations on how and where local plans can be strengthened to more effectively attain the objectives of ecosystem approaches to management. 相似文献
5.
A GIS-based protocol for the collection and use of local knowledge in fisheries management planning 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Despite a heavy reliance on scientific knowledge as the primary source of information in resource management, many resources are in decline, particularly in fisheries. To try and combat this trend, researchers have drawn upon the knowledge of local resource users as an important supplement to scientific knowledge in designing and implementing management strategies. The integration of local knowledge with scientific knowledge for marine species management, however, is problematic stemming primarily from conflicting data types. This paper considers the use of spatial information technology as a medium to integrate and visualise spatial distributions of both quantitative scientific data and qualitative local knowledge for the purposes of producing valid and locally relevant fisheries management plans. In this context, the paper presents a detailed protocol for the collection and subsequent use of local knowledge in fisheries management planning using geographic information systems (GIS). Particular attention is paid to the use of local knowledge in resource management, accuracy issues associated with the incorporation of qualitative data into a quantitative environment, base map selection and construction, and map bias or errors associated with the accuracy of recording harvest locations on paper map sheets, given the complications of map scale. 相似文献
6.
The use of geographic information systems (GIS) technology in natural resource management has expanded rapidly: It is the
preferred tool of spatial data analysis addressing large landscapes and is typically the presentation medium for conveying
landscape-scale scientific findings to all kinds of audiences. In a case study using the Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling
Study in western Oregon, it was found that the use of GIS to analyze and display natural resource data in that project produced
a variety of responses among different participants and participant groups. The findings offer insights into the workings
of groups attempting public involvement in natural resource management. 相似文献
7.
三塘湖油田生态环境保护指导思想为:"分区保护、分类防治、分级管理"。文章通过分析干旱荒漠区生态功能的划分,根据三塘湖油田开发区生态环境特征、生态系统服务功能、生态环境功能重要性与敏感性的空间分异规律,确定区域生态功能分区,为制定生态环境保护计划、维护区域生态安全、促进社会经济可持续发展提供科学依据。 相似文献
8.
Pimp Your Landscape: A Tool for Qualitative Evaluation of the Effects of Regional Planning Measures on Ecosystem Services 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The article presents the platform “Pimp your landscape” (PYL), which aims firstly at the support of planners by simulating
alternative land-use scenarios and by an evaluation of benefits or risks for regionally important ecosystem services. Second,
PYL supports an integration of information on environmental and landscape conditions into impact assessment. Third, PYL supports
the integration of impacts of planning measures on ecosystem services. PYL is a modified 2-D cellular automaton with GIS features.
The cells have the major attribute “land-use type” and can be supplemented with additional information, such as specifics
regarding geology, topography and climate. The GIS features support the delineation of non-cellular infrastructural elements,
such as roads or water bodies. An evaluation matrix represents the core element of the system. In this matrix, values in a
relative scale from 0 (lowest value) to 100 (highest value) are assigned to the land-use types and infrastructural elements
depending on their effect on ecosystem services. The option to configure rules for describing the impact of environmental
attributes and proximity effects on cell values and land-use transition probabilities is of particular importance. User interface
and usage of the platform are demonstrated by an application case. Constraints and limits of the recent version are discussed,
including the need to consider in the evaluation, landscape-structure aspects such as patch size, fragmentation and spatial
connectivity. Regarding the further development, it is planned to include the impact of land management practices to support
climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in regional planning. 相似文献
9.
Peter J. Taylor Glen R. Walker Geoff Hodgson Thomas J. Hatton Ray L. Correll 《Environmental management》1996,20(4):553-564
Irrigated agriculture has resulted in substantial changes in water flows to the lower reaches of the River Murray. These changes have led to large-scale occurrences of dieback inEucalyptus largiflorens (black box) woodlands as well as increased inputs of salt to the river. Management options to address problems of this scale call for the use of spatial data sets via geographic information systems (GIS). A GIS exists for one floodplain of the River Murray at Chowilla, and a simple model predicted six health classes ofEucalyptus largiflorens based on groundwater salinity, flooding frequency, and groundwater depth.To determine the usefulness of the model for vegetation management, the quality of both the model and the GIS data sets were tested. Success of the testing procedure was judged by the degree of spatial matching between the model's predictions of health and that assessed from aerial photographs and by field truthing. Analyses at 80 sites showed that tree health was significantly greater where groundwater salinity was less than 40 dS/m or flooding occurred more frequently than 1 in 10 years or depth to groundwater exceeded 4 m. Testing of the GIS data sets found that vegetation was misclassified at 15% of sites. Association was shown between GIS-predicted values and field-truthed values of groundwater salinity but not groundwater depth. The GIS model of health is a useful starting point for future vegetation management and can be further improved by increasing the quality of the data coverages and further refining of the model to optimize parameters and thresholds. 相似文献
10.
The integration of local harvesters' knowledge of attitudes and practices toward the resources they harvest with scientific information is essential to natural resources management. However, the development and implementation of management policies have, in most cases, not been effective because of a failure to use all available sources of information and knowledge. In fisheries management, local knowledge is usually not collected in a systematic format and little published literature has discussed the use of local knowledge data collection and analysis methods. This paper describes the implementation of geographic information systems to systematize, analyze, and display traditional and scientific information to support fisheries management in the Patos Lagoon Estuary, southern Brazil. Artisanal fishing data were documented through a series of interviews conducted during and after fishing trips at harvest spots, and scientific data on environmental variables were obtained from different research institutions. A multi-layer GIS database integrating local fishers' and scientific knowledge information was developed with ArcGIS 8.3 ArcView tools to integrate and translate information into an accessible and interpretable format. The geo-spatial database interface allowed the selection of specific data characteristics by target species, harvest areas, fishers' communities, fishing gear, catch-per-unit of effort (CPUE), and monthly landings. The observed fishing spatial dynamics presented among the fishers' communities shows that, in most cases, artisanal fishermen tend to concentrate in shallow estuarine waters surrounding their villages. 相似文献
11.
Aram Terchunian Victor Klemas Alberto Segovia Agustin Alvarez Bryon Vasconez Luis Guerrero 《Environmental management》1986,10(3):345-350
A cooperative mangrove mapping project between the Ecuadorian Center for Remote Sensing (CLIRSEN) and the University of Delaware was begun in August 1982. The objectives of the project were to create historical maps of mangrove ecosystem extent and change, while transferring aerial photographic interpretation techniques to Ecuadorian personnel. The result of this cooperation was a series of three 125,000 scale maps of historical mangrove extent and change from 1966 to 1982 in the southern Gulf of Guayaquil. This multitemporal study showed a 16% decrease in mangrove extent and a 27% increase in shrimp pond development. If these rates of change prevail into the future, mangroves in Ecuador will reach parity with shrimp ponds in 1984 and completely disappear by mid-1990. Recognizing the significance of this loss to shellfish and fish production along the coast, Ecuadorian scientists at CLIRSEN have subsequently initiated a nationwide mangrove mapping program to create a historical base for future mangrove management strategies. 相似文献
12.
Berberoglu S 《Environmental management》2003,31(3):0442-0451
The objective of this article is to propose a program for the integrated coastal zone management that is required to stimulate
and guide sustainable development of the Mediterranean coastal zone of Turkey.
Improved data collection, quality control, analysis, and data management will provide a firm basis for future scientific understanding
of the East Mediterranean coast of Turkey and will support long-term management. Various innovative procedures were proposed
for a promising ecosystem-based approach to manage coastal wetlands in the Mediterranean: remote data acquisition with new
technologies; environmental quality monitoring program that will provide a baseline for monitoring; linking a Geographic Information
System (GIS) with natural resource management decision routines in the context of operational wetlands, fisheries, tourism
management system; environmental sensitivity analysis to ensure that permitted developments are environmentally sustainable;
and use of natural species to restore the wetlands and coastal dunes and sustain the system processes. The proposed management
scheme will benefit the scientific community in the Mediterranean and the management/planning community in Eastern Turkey. 相似文献
13.
A Knowledge-Based Systems Approach to Design of Spatial Decision Support Systems for Environmental Management 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
/ This paper describes a framework for designing spatial decision support systems for environmental management using a knowledge-based systems approach. An architecture for knowledge-based spatial decision supportsystems (KBSDSS) is presented that integrates knowledge-based systems with geographical information systems (GIS) and other problem-solving techniques. A method based on spatial influence diagrams is developed for representation of environmental problems. The spatial influence diagram provides an interface through which knowledge-based systems techniques can be applied to build capabilities for problem formulation, automated design, and execution of a solution process. In addition to the flexibility and developmental advantages of knowledge-based systems, the KBSDSS incorporates expert knowledge to provide assistance for structuring spatial influence diagrams and executing a solution process that automatically integrates the GIS, data base, knowledge base, and different types of models. The framework is illustrated with a system, known as the Islay Land Use Decision Support System (ILUDSS), designed to assist planners in strategic planning of land use for the development of the island of Islay, off the west coast of Scotland.KEY WORDS: Geographical information systems; Spatial decision support systems; Knowledge-based systems; Spatial influence diagrams; Environmental management 相似文献
14.
This article describes an approach to assessing spatial and temporal land-use and land-cover changes in and adjacent to protected
areas and to the measurement of landscape stability within a protected area. Methods employed include aerial photographic
interpretation and GIS technology. Odum's four-compartment ecosystem model provides the conceptual framework for assessing
landscape stability. The study area is a selected sample of the Upper San Pedro National Riparian Conservation Area in the
high desert grassland of southeastern Arizona. Significant changes were observed in the landscape matrix and riparian ecosystem.
However, when these changes were assessed in the context of Odum's model, the change was nonsignificant. Implications of the
approach and potential applications in protected area management are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Modeling Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Using a Geographic Information System Approach 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution, primarily sediment and nutrients, is the leading source of water-quality impacts to surface waters in North America. The overall goal of this study was to develop geographic information system (GIS) protocols to facilitate the spatial and temporal modeling of changes in soils, hydrology, and land-cover change at the watershed scale. In the first part of this article, we describe the use of GIS to spatially integrate watershed scale data on soil erodibility, land use, and runoff for the assessment of potential source areas within an intensively agricultural watershed. The agricultural non-point source pollution (AGNPS) model was used in the Muddy Creek, Ontario, watershed to evaluate the effectiveness of management strategies in decreasing sediment and nutrient [phosphorus (P)] pollution. This analysis was accompanied by the measurement of water-quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, hardness, alkalinity, and turbidity) as well as sediment and P loadings to the creek. Practices aimed at increasing year-round soil cover would be most effective in decreasing sediment and P losses in this watershed. In the second part of this article, we describe a method for characterizing land-cover change in a dynamic urban fringe watershed. The GIS method we developed for the Blackberry Creek, Illinois, watershed will allow us to better account for temporal changes in land use, specifically corn and soybean cover, on an annual basis and to improve on the modeling of watershed processes shown for the Muddy Creek watershed. Our model can be used at different levels of planning with minimal data preprocessing, easily accessible data, and adjustable output scales. 相似文献
16.
Russell L. Watkins Chris Cocklin Melinda Laituri 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1997,40(1):37-58
Over the last decade, New Zealand has implemented innovative reforms in respect of natural resource and environmental management. These include the Resource ManagementAct 1991 (RMA), a notable feature of which is the adoption of 'sustainable management' as the key principle guiding resource allocation and use. This and other features of the new administrative context for resource management strongly suggest a prominent role for geographicinformation systems (GIS) and related spatial information technology. In this paper we present an outline of the Regional Resource Evaluation Project (RREP), a project that has been established to explore and demonstrate the capabilities of GIS and related spatial information technology in the context of resource analysis and decision making. To date, the RREP has achieved important outcomes in terms of database design and development. An extensive information base which incorporates data on the physical and natural environment, patterns of human activity, and on social and demographic characteristics has been assembled. We describe the information systems, as well as some of the technical issues that attend to database design and development.We also provide brief reviews of two applications of the GIS to resource evaluation. One relates to the evaluation of changes in regional land use, with a focus on natural habitats. The other is concerned with land suitability assessment for plantation forestry. 相似文献
17.
Cumulative environmental impacts and integrated coastal management: the case of Xiamen, China 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
This paper examines the assessment of cumulative environmental impacts and the implementation of integrated coastal management within the harbour of Xiamen, China, an urban region in which the coastal zone is under increasing pressure as a result of very rapid economic growth. The first stage of analysis incorporates components of a cumulative effects assessment, including (a) identification of sources of environmental impacts, notably industrial expansion, port development, shipping, waste disposal, aquaculture and coastal construction, (b) selection of a set of valued ecosystem components, focusing on circulation and siltation, water quality, sediment, the benthic community, and mangrove forests, and (c) use of a set of key indicators to examine cumulative impacts arising from the aggregate of human activities. In the second stage of analysis, the paper describes and assesses the development of an institutional framework for integrated coastal management in Xiamen, one that combines policy and planning (including legislative and enforcement mechanisms) with scientific and monitoring mechanisms (including an innovative 'marine functional zoning' system). The paper concludes that the integrated coastal management framework in Xiamen has met all relevant requirements for 'integration' as laid out in the literature, and has explicitly incorporated consideration of cumulative impacts within its management and monitoring processes. 相似文献
18.
随着城市化和工业化发展,大气颗粒物对城市空气环境造成了严重污染,选取西安市作为研究区,分析不同时间和空间尺度下城市景观格局与大气颗粒物污染的关系。通过GIS软件、Fragstats4.2软件和SPSS软件对西安市2014年土地利用数据和2014年整年的大气颗粒物监测数据进行分析,结果显示,西安市土地利用类型分布较为集中;西安市大气颗粒物浓度的空间分布特征为浓度从市中心至城郊呈梯度递减趋势,在整体上呈现西北高于东南的倾向,大气颗粒物污染物浓度峰值基本都集中出现在建设用地范围内(PM10:102.7μg/m^3;PM2.5:99.7μg/m^3);相关性结果证实了城市景观格局与大气颗粒物浓度的空间分布特征。研究结果为中国西部内陆城市大气颗粒物污染控制、土地利用规划以及生态建设提供参考。 相似文献
19.
Conserving genetic diversity requires an assessment of the distribution of genetic variants in relation to patterns of land
use and environmental variation at a regional scale. This assessment requires a novel approach to integrating and analyzing
the genetic and environmental data across spatial scales. To explore the integration of genetic data with other geospatial
data sets, we developed a GIS-based approach for examining patterns of genetic diversity for several species of salamanders
in southern Appalachians. The genetic data, from allozyme surveys in the genetics literature, were integrated into a GIS database
along with related attributes including population identifications and spatial locations. Using existing geospatial data,
we classified sample locations as being either protected from anthropogenic disturbance (e.g., National Parks, Wilderness
Areas) or as unprotected (e.g., private lands, multiple-use lands in National Forests). We used multidimensional scaling of
allelic frequencies and contributions of populations to interpopulation differences in allelic richness to determine which
populations had genetic characteristics most different from other populations in the sample. Measures of genetic differentiation
were integrated into the GIS database to facilitate spatial analysis and visualization of the indices in relation to land
use. This approach was useful for both identification of populations with components of genetic variation that were not well
represented at protected sites and for identifying areas of species distributions where more genetic sampling would be necessary
to make informed management decisions. Our approach could be readily adapted for use by managers and geneticists working with
other species and types of genetic markers. 相似文献
20.
Ecological limitations and appropriation of ecosystem support by shrimp farming in Colombia 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Shrimp farming in mangrove areas has grown dramatically in Asia and Latin America over the past decade. As a result, demand
for resources required for farming, such as feed, seed, and clean water, has increased substantially. This study focuses on
semiintensive shrimp culture as practiced on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. We estimated the spatial ecosystem support that
is required to produce the food inputs, nursery areas, and clean water to the shrimp farms, as well as to process wastes.
We also made an estimate of the natural and human-made resources necessary to run a typical semiintensive shrimp farm. The
results show that a semiintensive shrimp farm needs a spatial ecosystem support—the ecological footprint—that is 35–190 times
larger than the surface area of the farm. A typical such shrimp farm appropriates about 295 J of ecological work for each
joule of edible shrimp protein produced. The corresponding figure for industrial energy is 40:1. More than 80% of the ecological
primary production required to feed the shrimps is derived from external ecosystems. In 1990 an area of 874–2300 km2 of mangrove was required to supply shrimp postlarvae to the farms in Colombia, corresponding to a total area equivalent to
about 20–50% of the country’s total mangrove area. The results were compared with similar estimates for other food production
systems, particularly aquacultural ones. The comparison indicates that shrimp farming ranks as one of the most resource-intensive
food production systems, characterizing it as an ecologically unsustainable throughput system. Based on the results, we discuss
local, national, and regional appropriation of ecological support by the semiintensive shrimp farms. Suggestions are made
for how shrimp farming could be transformed into a food production system that is less environmentally degrading and less
dependent on external support areas. 相似文献