加快安全文化建设的步伐

目前，全国的安全生产工作正在经历着深刻的历史性变化。市场经济条件下出现的情况，特别是经济成份的多样化，经济利益的多元化，劳动用工形式的多样化和生活方式的多样化都对安全生产工作提出新的课题。我国加入世界贸易组织，经济结构的重大调整，政府们的安全法律意识，提高贯彻执行安全生产法律法规的自觉性，引导全体公民要从国家法律赋予的权利和义务的角度，维护自身、家庭成员、工作条件与生活环境的安全，并承担相应的责任，共同做好安全生产工作。二、适应市场经济的发展需要推动安全文化建设的机制创新在市场经济条件下，安全文…     

试论建立中国“安全文化”体系──暨1+1安全生产保障系统设想

提出了安全文化与安全管理是两个不同研究范畴问题的论点，阐述了“安全文化”的特征、内容和建立中国“安全文化”体系的设想。     

黄岩“安全超市”上街头

10月29日，浙江台州市黄岩区交警大队在西街社区门前的大街上组织了一场别具一格的“安全超市”宣传活动，“摊主”是清一色的交通民警。     

谈谈汽修班组安全文化建设

假如安全文化是宝钢文化的重要组成部分。那么班组安全文化就是宝钢安全文化的“细胞”。汽修班组是宝钢南通钢铁有限公司（简称宝通）从事生产经营活动的最基本单位之一，是宝通组织结构的一块基石。一个班组在工作中违章作业发生了事故，会影响到作业区、部门，甚至公司、集团公司的安全生产。因此，要贯彻“安全第一，预防为主”的安全方针，保障整个企业的安全，加强汽修班组安全文化建设就显得极为重要。     

试论建立中国“安全文化”体系：暨1＋1安全生产保障系统设想

提出了安全文化与安全管理是两个不同研究范畴问题的论点，阐述了“安全文化”的特征，内容和建立中国“安全文化”体系的设想。     

安全标语的文化作用机理研究

为挖掘安全标语的安全文化价值,增强安全标语在组织安全文化建设中应用的有效性,从安全文化学视角,解析安全标语的安全文化内涵;分析安全标语文化力的内涵、释放机理及核心效用,构建安全标语与组织安全文化的“自行车”关系模型;阐述基于安全标语的组织安全文化建设原理和方法。结果表明:促进和保障组织安全文化落地是安全标语设置的重要目的,安全标语是组织安全文化建设的重要手段。构建基于安全标语的“四位一体”组织安全文化体系要以安全科学理论为重要理论基础,以安全人性的“Y理论”假设和人性需求为核心准则。     

安全文化的内容、影响因素及作用机制

20世纪30年代的霍桑实验引起了研究者对组织中社会因素的重视，引发了对组织气氛(organiza tional climate)及组织文化(org anizational culture)的研究热潮。在高风险组织中，“安全第一”是人们的共识，是其组织文化的显著特征。人们的安全态度、安全承诺以及组织对安全员、安全培训的态度等社会因素均影响安全绩效或不安全行为。由此形成了组织的安全文化(safety culture)研究领域。Coyle等人认为通过对安全文化中事故先行变量的评估，可以为事故预防提供一个有力的前摄性     

2009年全国安全生产重点工作

一、以“关爱生命、安全发展”为主题，广泛开展安全生产宣传教育行动，着力增强全社会安全发展意识 一是依托各级党委政府宣传文化工作系统，发挥主流媒体和安全生产系统报刊网络的主阵地作用，大力宣传党中央、国务院关于加强安全生产工作的决策部署，宣传开展“安全生产年”活动的意义、要求和各类先进典型。二是组织开展好全国第8个“安全生产月”的集中宣传教育活动和“安全生产万里行”集中采访报道活动。三是加强安全文化建设，鼓励制作生产更多更好的影视、剧作等安全文化产品；推动城市安全社区建设。     

我对安全文化的看法

我对安全文化的看法赵秉信当前，报刊等新闻媒体站在改革的前沿倡导各种文化，文化市场一片繁荣，安全工作也不甘落后，有关人士提出了“安全文化”。关于“安全文化”各执一向，在理解的问题上大费脑筋。作为一名煤矿工人，我反对倡导“安全文化”。文化，是指人类社会历...     

企业“01234”安全文化模式构建

<正>何为安全文化何为文化？梁晓声认为可用四句话概括文化：“植根于内心的修养,无需提醒的自觉,以约束为前提的自由,为别人着想的善良”。从安全的角度,可用四个词语表达：“安全素养、安全意识、安全行为、安全理念”。安全素养是安全层面根植于内心的修养,安全意识与安全理念是安全素养的外化,安全行为是理念与意识的具体表现形式。安全素养、安全意识、安全行为、安全理念是个体的属性,属文化范畴,统称为安全文化。何为安全文化？企业安全文化建设导则中这样描述：被企业组织的员工群体所共享的安全价值观、态度、     

中远船务构筑特色安全文化的探索与实践

本文主要阐述了在企业核心价值理念孵化牵引下生发的安全文化理念,总结和提炼了具有企业特色的“严、细、真、实、慎”的安全文化,并从制度建设、行为规范以及体现执行力的十大主要措施上,进行了比较系统的论述,对进一步促进企业安全文化建设提出了4个方面的对策。     

An investigation of the relationship between organizational climate and professional drivers’ driver behaviours

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational climate and driver behaviours of professional drivers. The sample consisted of 230 male professional drivers. The participants completed a questionnaire including the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ), Hofstede’s Organizational Culture Scale, and a background information form. Results of the factor analysis of Hofstede’s Organizational Culture Scale yielded two dimensions, which were named as “work orientation” and “employee consideration”. Analyses of Covariance (ANCOVA) revealed significant main and interaction effects of organizational climate on errors, and violations after controlling for the statistical effects of age, annual mileage and the organization types. Drivers with low scores of work orientation reported significantly higher frequencies of errors and violations than drivers with high scores of work orientation. It was also found that drivers with low scores of employee consideration reported higher frequencies of errors and violations than drivers with high scores of employee consideration. The effect of interaction between work orientation and employee consideration dimensions was only found on the frequencies of violations.     

Moving FOCUS – The Fire Service Organizational Culture of Safety survey – From research to practice

Introduction: FOCUS, the Fire Service Organizational Culture of Safety survey, has evolved from a research to practice enterprise within the United States fire and rescue service. The FOCUS tool was developed through a FEMA Assistance to Firefighters Research & Development grant. Then it moved to practice in the field. To date over 35,000 firefighters have participated. A current FEMA Fire Prevention & Safety grant can support FOCUS assessment in up to 1,000 fire departments, with the potential of nearly 120,000 respondents. With each funding cycle, the goal of the FOCUS program is to grow and measure its research to practice impact. Methods: We describe how FOCUS safety culture results are disseminated to fire service stakeholders. By utilizing customized reports and a training curriculum we demonstrate how FOCUS is moving research to practice by: (1) illustrating how survey results can be delivered effectively to practitioners, (2) providing examples of how fire departments are using results, and (3) sharing the reactions of the fire service to the FOCUS instrument, reports, and our flagship data training curriculum – Culture Camp. Results' Conclusions: Qualitative and quantitative data are analyzed to demonstrate the impact and acceptance of the FOCUS report and Culture Camps. Stakeholders reflect on the report and the experience of having quantitative safety culture data. Culture Camps are evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively using a matching game exercise, pre/post-test, a fire department teach back, and a Qualtrics evaluation. Practical Applications: Traditionally, the fire service has focused on reducing negative safety outcomes. FOCUS is helping shift their attention further upstream in the prevention pathway through the measurement of important organizational outcomes. The research to practice evolution of the FOCUS program may hold utility for other occupational groups when considering how to steadily move occupational health and safety research to practice in the field for measurable impact.     

Occupational Safety Culture Index (OSCI)——measuring the community and employees awareness,attitude and knowledge towards workplace safety and health in Hong Kong SAR

Promoting occupational safety and health in Hong Kong,Special Administrative Region of China is an important and ongoing mission. As the major organization with statutory responsibilities,the Occupational Safety and Health Council understand the importance to strengthen and cultivate our safety culture. It is widely believed that numbers of occupational related diseases and injuries could be prevented with the improvement of the awareness and attitudes of the employees and the public. Therefore,a comprehensive and in-depth study to monitor the occupational health and safety level and status of the community and working population is needed. Objectives: Our Council has developed the Occupational Safety Culture Index ( OSCI) to measure the current level of community and workplace safety and health awareness,knowledge and attitude. Benchmarking measures of the key safety performance indicators are to be derived thereof. Methods: A territory-wide random telephone survey was conducted to assess the community and employees’awareness,attitude and knowledge in 2008. A structured questionnaire was designed with the content validity and reliability assessed before the survey administration. A series of quality control approaches were also applied to assure the quality of the fieldwork and the reliability of the data. Results: 1,531 eligible participants’data were collected and computed into 2 types of composite indices,Occupational Safety Culture Index ( Community) ( OSCIC) and Occupational Safety Culture Index (Workplace) (OSCIW) . With the maximum score of index at 100,the overall score of OSCIC is 66. 9 and the OSCIW is 61. 3 in Hong Kong. Achievements: OSCI served as an effective management tool to measure the safety culture in Hong Kong. With a representative sample and high quality study control and validated assessment approaches,the OSCI and the sub-indices are reliable indicators to assess the effectiveness of safety culture enhancement strategy and the OSH intervention measures.     

The role of national culture in determining safety performance: Challenges for the global oil and gas industry

This paper addresses the issue of occupational safety and how the process of globalisation can potentially influence the attitudes, beliefs and behaviour of disparate ‘national’ workforces working across the globe for the same multi-national company. The paper reviews published literature on cross-cultural differences in attitudes, perceptions and beliefs regarding safety and presents details of a study examining the relationship between Hofstede’s [Hofstede, G., 1984. Culture’s Consequences; International Differences in Work-Related Values, Abridged edition. Sage Publications, London, Hofstede, G., 1991. Culture and Organisations; Software of the Mind. McGraw Hill, Maidenhead] cultural values dimensions (i.e., Power Distance, Individualism/Collectivism, Masculinity/Femininity); safety climate (perceived management commitment to safety) and risk-taking behaviour in workforce members of a multi-national engineering organisation operating in six countries. The results suggest that more proximal influences such as perceived management commitment to safety and the efficacy of safety measures exert more impact on workforce behaviour and subsequent accident rates than fundamental national values.     

The relationship between the implementation of a Safety Management System and the attitudes of employees towards unsafe acts in aviation

Airports represent highly complex organisations, incorporating such interdependent operations as airlines, ground transport, flight services, ground services, refueling, maintenance, customer services, catering, administration and security. Airports, and especially International Airports, must ensure that their operations are conducted in a safe and efficient manner, as the consequence of any error or failure during operations has the potential for catastrophic outcomes. The international governing body for air transportation, ICAO, requires that airports must implement a Safety Management System as a means of ensuring safe operations and eliminating or reducing the likelihood of low frequency/high consequence incidents. This research project sought to determine the extent to which the implementation of a Safety Management System (SMS) influenced the attitudes of airport employees toward unsafe acts. The hypothesis tested was that the implementation of an SMS into an airport will result in an improvement in attitudes toward safety. A Safety Culture Survey was utilized to measure these attitudes. Two International Airports were chosen to measure the extent to which the introduction of an SMS at one airport would influence the safety attitude and culture of those employees. Sharjah International Airport, UAE, was used as the experimental group, as it did not have a formal SMS in operation, with another English-speaking International Airport (the Second Airport) being used as a control group, as it already had an SMS in operation. A Safety Culture Survey was used as the pre and post-test measure over a 12-month period to determine the extent of influence of the introduction of the SMS at Sharjah Airport. The results of Phase 1 of the survey (June 2008) were compared against the results of Phase 2 of the survey (June 2009). The average score reported by participants at Sharjah Airport increased significantly from pre-test measure to post-test measure in relation to communication, safety rules, supportive environment, personal risk appreciation, work environment, and involvement. At the same time, the average score for personal priorities decreased significantly from Phases 1 to 2. Results indicate that participants at Sharjah Airport recorded a significant positive shift in attitude to the safety factors covered in the Safety Culture Survey, whilst at the same time responses from the Second Airport showed no such shift in attitude. The Second Airport showed neither decline nor improvement in responses. Whilst some methodological issues were identified, the results were of sufficient strength as to conclude that the outcomes reported support the hypothesis that the introduction of an SMS at Sharjah Airport has effected positive changes not observed at the Second Airport. Recommendations for ongoing research were made to further explore the strength of relationship between SMS and safety attitudes, as well as the relationship between safe attitude and safe behaviour.     

Measuring safety culture in a research and development centre: A comparison of two methods in the Air Traffic Management domain

This paper describes two safety surveys carried out in an Air Traffic Management Research and Development centre (EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre). The paper discusses the differences and similarities between the two tools with regard to their development, the method of conducting the surveys, the results and their implications. It has been estimated that about 50%¹ to 60%² of accidents and incidents appear to have their roots in the design and development process, and since this is the core business of the EEC, it was deemed necessary to investigate the maturity of safety at the EEC. The challenge for the EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre (EEC) was to develop a tool that is relevant to a research and development environment with the objectives of (i) identifying areas of weakness in the safety culture of the organization (ii) helping in developing a Safety Management System. The first objective was addressed by developing a Safety Culture Survey (SCS) tool and surveying the EEC (March, 2003). The second objective was addressed by customizing an existing (SMS) survey tool (RD) for the R&D environment. The SCS is based on traditional measures adapted to ATM and then to R&D, and the River Diagram (RD) is more of a safety management survey, adapted from other industries and already applied to HQ (EUROCONTROL Head Quarters) to examine their commitment to safety. Nevertheless, the two surveys have been compared to see where they agree and where they ‘dissociate’. Overall, the SCS has a broader focus on “softer issues”, i.e. more complex issues of ‘trust in management’. Diagnostically, the River Diagram survey helps the practitioner develop SMS implementation plans more readily than the Safety Culture survey.     

我国煤矿安全文化建设现状研究——来自60家煤矿的证据*

为更好地开展煤矿安全文化建设工作，采用安全文化在线分析系统对我国60家煤矿企业的安全文化建设水平进行分析;利用SPSS 22.0软件分析不同人员类别、性别、工龄、文化程度对安全文化得分的影响;对煤矿安全文化建设中部分得分较低的安全文化元素给出整改建议。结果表明:得分低于60分的元素是安全业绩对待方式、总体安全期望；安全文化得分与人员类别、工龄、文化程度显著相关，与性别无显著相关性；煤矿企业应进行针对性培训，并设计和建设合理的安全理念条目、良好的安全理念载体及完善的安全文化培训体系。     

北京西单文化广场的火灾安全评价与管理

以火灾危险辨识、危险评价方法和人员培训手段相结合 ,提出了北京西单文化广场火灾安全评价与管理的总体思路 ;分析并说明了火灾危险评价中火灾模型的选取、确定几种极限情形需要考虑的主要因素以及人员疏散策略有效性的衡量等关键问题 ;同时给出了人员培训的详细内容。本文为受限空间类城市公共场所的安全评价与管理提供了一种可供参照的研究模式     

Leadership styles and group organizational citizenship behavior across cultures

This study investigates (a) the effects of societal culture on group organizational citizenship behavior (GOCB), and (b) the moderating role of culture on the relationship between directive and supportive leadership and GOCB. Data were collected from 20 336 managers and 95 893 corresponding team members in 33 countries. Multi‐level analysis was used to test the hypotheses, and culture was operationalized using two dimensions of Hofstede ( 2001 ) and GLOBE (2004): Individualism (IDV) and power distance (PD). There was no direct relationship between these cultural dimensions and GOCB. Directive leadership had a negative relation, and supportive leadership a positive relation with GOCB. Culture moderated this relationship: Directive leadership was more negatively, and supportive behavior less positively, related to GOCB in individualistic compared to collectivistic societies. The moderating effects of societal PD were explained by societal IDV. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.