ABC干粉抑制瓦斯爆炸的实验研究

为测定ABC干粉对瓦斯爆炸的抑制作用,采用容积为20L的近球形抑爆实验系统,粒径为20.76μm,主要成分为高聚合度磷酸铵盐的ABC干粉进行瓦斯抑爆实验。实验结果表明：ABC干粉的添加能够降低瓦斯爆炸的压力;粉体浓度为0.10g/L时,抑爆效果最好;粉体的抑爆效果,不仅与粉体浓度有关,还与爆炸性混合气体中的甲烷浓度有关;点火延迟时间越长,粉体抑爆效果越差。     

障碍物条件下纳米SiO2粉体抑制瓦斯爆炸特性

为了研究障碍物条件下纳米SiO_2粉体对瓦斯爆炸的抑制特性,采用自行搭建的150 mm×150 mm×500 mm可视化瓦斯爆炸试验系统,分别对不同质量浓度和粒径的纳米SiO_2粉体抑爆特性进行了试验研究。结果表明:在障碍物条件下,纳米SiO_2粉体对瓦斯爆炸具有良好的抑制效果,0.10 g/L的30 nm SiO_2粉体可使9.5%瓦斯气体的最大火焰传播速度降低35%,爆炸超压降低34%;然而,纳米SiO_2粉体并非质量浓度越大抑爆效果越好,而是存在最佳抑爆质量浓度,即随纳米SiO_2粉体质量浓度上升,其抑爆性能先增大后减小,最佳抑爆质量浓度约为0.10 g/L;此外,纳米SiO_2粉体的抑爆性能与其粒径相关,且存在最佳抑爆粒径,相同质量浓度下30 nm SiO_2粉体比15nm和50 nm SiO_2粉体的抑爆效果好。     

抑爆粉剂浓度及粒度对瓦斯爆炸抑制效果的影响

抑爆粉剂的参数指标是影响隔抑爆装置抑制瓦斯爆炸效果的重要因素之一。通过20 L球形爆炸特性实验装置对多种不同抑爆粉剂浓度及粒度条件下的瓦斯爆炸特性参数进行了测试。研究表明:随着抑爆剂浓度的逐渐增加，瓦斯爆炸最大压力降低，最大压力上升速率降低，压力到达峰值时间延迟；在20 L密闭环境，粉剂粒度＜15 μm的条件下，当抑爆粉剂浓度增加到225 g/m3时，瓦斯混合气体被完全惰化，失去爆炸性；在15~80 μm抑爆粉剂粒度范围内，随着粒度的减小，抑爆性能先减弱后增强，在抑爆粉剂浓度为200 g/m3时，15 μm 与70~80 μm粉剂粒度最大爆炸压力分别下降了19.8%，17.8%，而40~50 μm粒度爆炸压力下降了6.4%。     

抛光铝粉爆炸及ABC粉体抑爆特性的实验研究

为研究抛光铝粉的爆炸危险和ABC粉体的抑爆特性，在对实验粉体粒径分布进行分析的基础上，采用20 L粉尘爆炸特性实验装置，分别对不同铝粉尘浓度、不同抑爆剂浓度条件下的爆炸特性参数进行测试。研究结果表明:在实验条件下，铝粉的爆炸下限为45 g/m3＜C＜60 g/m3；随铝粉浓度增加，爆炸烈度呈现出先增强后减弱的变化趋势，在浓度为400 g/m3时爆炸烈度最大。ABC抑爆剂能够有效抑制铝粉爆炸超压和爆炸反应进程，随着惰性粉体浓度的增加，抑制效果愈加明显，爆炸逐渐减弱。当ABC惰性粉体的质量占比增加到50%时，相较单一铝粉爆炸，反应过程时间由72 ms增加至785 ms，爆炸最大压力、最大压力上升速率分别下降了61.7%，89.5%；当ABC粉体质量占比为53%时，铝粉被完全惰化，未发生爆炸。     

草酸盐粉体抑制甲烷爆炸的试验研究

为了研究草酸盐粉体抑制甲烷爆炸特性,选取草酸钾、草酸钠、草酸亚铁3种较为常见的草酸盐粉体作为抑爆材料,分析了草酸盐粉体作用下的甲烷爆炸特性。结果表明,3种草酸盐粉体均具有一定的甲烷爆炸抑制作用,其抑爆作用由强到弱依次为草酸钾、草酸钠、草酸亚铁。草酸钾、草酸钠和草酸亚铁的最佳抑爆粉体质量浓度分别为0.22g/L、0.26 g/L和0.26 g/L,最大爆炸压力的降幅分别为33.25%、30.03%和20.83%。结合热重分析和甲烷爆炸抑制特性,探讨了草酸盐粉体的甲烷抑爆作用机理。     

惰性气体-水雾协同抑爆甲烷研究

采用自行改造的20 L球形爆炸容器进行瓦斯抑爆研究，试验中采用分压法来制备混合气体，定量描述了爆炸压力、爆炸压力上升速率及抑爆效率等特征，分析了在3种惰性气体(CO₂、N₂和Ar)作用下CH₄的最大爆炸压力和最大爆炸压力上升速率。结果表明，CO₂的抑爆效果优于其他两种惰性气体，当CO₂的体积分数达到6%时，CH₄的最大爆炸压力和最大爆炸压力上升速率分别降为0.113 MPa和1.58 MPa/s,下降了78.6%和86.4%。通过试验可知，3种惰性气体均能延缓瓦斯爆炸的发生，降低爆炸的强度，但对于N₂和Ar而言则需要增加惰性气体的体积分数以达到与CO₂相同的抑爆效果。基于上述单相抑爆结果，选择3种惰性气体中抑爆效果最佳的CO₂来进行惰性气体-水雾协同抑爆效率的研究。通过大量重复性试验得出，2%CO₂-1 MPa水雾抑爆效率由单相体积分数为2%的CO₂     

NaHCO_3分散状况对其抑制甲烷爆炸的影响研究

喷粉压力和点火延迟时间严重影响着粉体抑爆剂在空间内的分散状况,进而影响粉体抑爆剂的抑爆效果。为探究不同分散状况下粉体抑爆剂的抑爆效果,在自行搭建的5 L试验管道中,结合高速摄像和超压分析开展不同喷粉压力和点火延迟时间下不同质量的NaHCO_3抑制甲烷体积分数为9. 5%的甲烷-空气混合物爆炸试验。结果表明:评估不同质量粉体的抑爆效果所需的喷粉压力和点火延迟时间不同。管道底部喷粉和点火时,较小或较大的喷粉压力均无法使粉体分散均匀;粉体的总质量越大,所需的喷粉压力越高;在相同的喷粉压力下,总质量较大的粉体分散均匀时所需的时间较长;抑爆效果良好的粉体能使爆炸火焰的传播时间延缓数百毫秒,此时若仍选择粉体分散均匀时点火,火焰传播前期颗粒的沉降反会使管内粉体分散不均。因此,为合理评估不同质量粉体的抑爆效果,应选择粉体即将充满管道时的扬尘上升期作为点火时刻。     

密闭管道瓦斯爆炸冲击波冲量及压力上升速率的实验研究

针对矿井瓦斯爆炸破坏模式主要在压力破坏和冲量破坏的研究,实验分析瓦斯在密闭管道发生爆炸时瓦斯浓度对冲击波冲量及压力上升速率的影响,利用管道中距离点火源不同位置的压力传感器测试了不同浓度瓦斯的爆炸压力,对冲击波冲量及压力上升速率进行分析,为防爆抑爆提供依据。研究结果显示:在管道中距离点火源的不同位置上,当浓度为9.5%时,瓦斯爆炸冲击波冲量及压力上升速率最大;由于超压衰减和传播距离的增加,在距离点火源4m和8m时压力冲量较大;在瓦斯浓度较低的范围内瓦斯爆炸时,其压力上升速率增长较快,而随着浓度的增加在较宽的浓度范围内,能较稳定地维持在高位值。     

橡胶粉尘的爆炸特性及抑爆的试验研究

为了研究橡胶粉尘的爆炸特性以及惰性粉体对橡胶粉尘的抑爆,用20 L球形爆炸装置测试橡胶粉尘的爆炸特性,分析粉尘浓度和粒径对橡胶粉尘爆炸压力(pmax)和爆炸指数(Kst)的影响,并且探究聚磷酸铵、磷酸二氢铵、碳酸钙和碳酸氢钠4种不同惰性粉体对橡胶粉尘的抑爆效果及不同粒径的聚磷酸铵对橡胶粉尘爆炸压力的影响。结果表明:在爆炸极限范围内,橡胶粉尘的爆炸压力随粉尘质量浓度增加先增大后减小;橡胶粉尘粒径越小,其爆炸后果越严重;聚磷酸铵对橡胶粉尘的抑爆效果相对较好;且在一定质量浓度范围内粒径越小,抑爆效果越好。     

超细碳酸氢钠抑制玉米淀粉空气混合物爆炸试验

为探究抑爆介质对玉米淀粉-空气混合物爆炸的抑制效果,以超细碳酸氢钠粉体为抑爆介质,利用自主研制的抑爆装置,在容积为3 m3的受限空间内开展玉米淀粉-空气混合物爆炸抑制试验,研究抑爆介质用量、抑爆装置触发时间及布设方式等参数对玉米淀粉-空气混合物爆炸压力的影响。结果表明:增加抑爆介质喷射量、缩短抑爆装置触发时间和增加抑爆装置数量均能有效降低爆炸压力的峰值,延迟到达爆炸压力峰值的时间,表明抑爆介质有助于增强受限空间内粉尘爆炸的抑制效果;增加抑爆装置数量还可避免复燃现象的发生,预防二次爆炸。     

Experimental study on the suppression of gas explosion using the gas–solid suppressant of CO2/ABC powder

Gas explosion is the leading accident in underground coal mining in China. Using the self-improved 20 L spherical experimental system, the impacts of 8% CO₂, ABC powder at various concentrations and mixture of them on the suppression of mine gas explosion were investigated. The results indicate that cooperative synergism exists between ABC powder and CO₂. Their combination has a better effect than each of the two components acting alone, especially for the gas of larger concentration. When 0.25 g/L ABC powder was mixed with 8% CO₂, the explosion limits were reduced by about 55%, the time to reach the peak explosion pressure was prolonged 3.56 times on average. Meanwhile, the maximum explosion pressure declined on an average of 59.4% and the maximum explosion overpressure rising rate decreased on an average of 91.1%. A combination of 0.20 g/L ABC powder and 8% CO₂ completely suppressed 11% gas explosion. The explosion suppression mechanism of CO₂ and ABC powder were probed theoretically. CO₂ plays a key part in the whole explosion processes, and it can effectively suppress the forward reaction between gas and oxygen. While it is during the middle-later period of explosion processes that ABC powder plays a critical role. The particles decomposed from heated ABC powder such as nitrogen and phosphor will react with free radicals rapidly. Besides, atoms as N, P are capable of participating in chain reaction and reacting with active groups, significantly suppressing the gas explosion.     

超细冷气溶胶抑制油气预混爆炸实验研究

大型油罐区火灾事故往往伴随着油气爆炸,对应急救援消防官兵生命安全带来威胁.具有可压缩性、流动性和弥散性特征的超细干粉冷气溶胶对泄漏可燃油气爆燃爆轰有抑制作用.采用三路进气20L球试验装置模拟油气-空气与超细干粉冷气溶胶预混点火燃爆过程,实验结果表明:超细干粉冷气溶胶具有物理和化学双重抑爆作用,随着抑爆剂用量的增大其最大爆炸压力和最大爆炸压力上升速率呈下降趋势,且爆炸感应期明显被滞后;抑爆过程油气爆炸指数快速下降后趋于稳定,抑爆效果与超细粉体本身特性、抑爆剂用量及油气点火时刻有关.该研究有助于优化油气环境的最佳抑爆条件,对大型储油罐区油气防火防爆防护和抑爆技术的应用具有积极意义.     

隔爆水幕对瓦斯爆炸传播规律影响的试验研究

为研究自制隔爆水幕抑制瓦斯爆炸的有效性,采用大直径瓦斯爆炸试验管道系统,在不同瓦斯浓度和不同水幕流量条件下进行瓦斯爆炸试验,利用数据采集系统测量瓦斯爆炸特性参数并对其变化规律和隔爆效果进行分析。结果表明:瓦斯浓度9.5%时经过隔爆水幕抑制作用,瓦斯爆炸压力峰值由64 kPa下降到39 kPa,衰减了39%;温度峰值由969 K下降到498 K,衰减了49%;速度最大值由136 m/s下降到73 m/s,衰减了15%。虽然隔爆水幕对不同浓度瓦斯产生的爆炸起到良好的抑制效果,但隔爆之后的传播规律依然受到瓦斯浓度影响。隔爆水幕对瓦斯爆炸的抑制效果取决于喷水流量的大小,随着流量的增加,水幕的隔爆效果增强,喷头最佳的工作流量为16.4 L/min。     

网状铝合金抑爆材料抑爆性能研究

为评价网状铝合金材料的阻隔防爆性能,基于多孔材料的阻隔防爆机理,采用抑爆材料抑爆性能测试装置和可燃气体爆炸箱及高速摄像机,研究材料在不同填充密度、不同留空率下对液化石油气的燃爆压力的影响,及液化石油气火焰在填充材料的爆炸箱中的传播过程。试验结果表明:填充密度为35 kg/m3、留空率为5%时,材料抑爆性能最好;当抑爆材料在容器内的填充密度一定时,其燃爆压力随留空率增加而增加;与未填充材料相比,填充材料后火焰衰减;此外,得到填充密度、留空率和燃爆压力间的数学拟合公式。降低留空率、增加填充密度能够更好地提高阻隔防爆性能。     

原油管道氮气抑爆实验研究

为了探究不同浓度下的氮气对管道受限空间内油气爆炸的影响作用，通过原油实验管道测得不同油气浓度下的最大爆炸压力值，研究氮气对原油管道爆炸特性的抑制作用。研究结果表明:实验原油管道油气浓度在4.32%~14.25%区间管道油气发生爆炸，在低油气浓度的爆炸区间内，相近油气浓度的爆炸压力等爆炸特性上升较快，高浓度的爆炸区间内，变化较缓慢，在9.23%的油气浓度时爆炸特性变化最明显；在爆炸区间内充入浓度为0%~30%的不同浓度的氮气，随原油管道内氮气浓度的扩充，实验所测得爆炸区间不断压缩，在26%的氮气浓度时几乎不发生油气爆炸，且实验研究的爆炸特性均有所减弱。     

Experimental study on CO2/CF3I suppression of methane-air explosion and flame propagation

To explore the inhibitory effects of CF₃I and CO₂ gas on the explosion pressure and flame propagation characteristics of 9.5% methane, a spherical 20 L experimental explosion device was used to study the effect of the gas explosion suppressants on the maximum explosion pressure, maximum explosion pressure rise rate and flame propagation speed of methane. The results indicated that with a gradual increase in the volume fraction of the gas explosion suppressant, the maximum explosion pressure of methane and maximum explosion pressure rise rate gradually decreased, and the time taken to reach the maximum explosion pressure and maximum explosion pressure rise rate was gradually delayed. At the same time, the flame propagation speed gradually decreased. Additionally, the time taken for the flame to reach the edge of the window and the time taken for a crack as well as a cellular structure to appear on the flame surface was gradually delayed. The fluid dynamics uncertainty was suppressed. The explosion pressure and flame propagation processes were markedly suppressed, but the flame buoyancy instability was gradually enhanced. By comparing the effects of the two gas explosion suppressants on the pressure and flame propagation characteristics, it was found that at the same volume fraction, trifluoroiodomethane was significantly better than carbon dioxide in suppressing the explosion of methane. By comparing the reduction rates of the characteristic methane explosion parameters at a volume fraction of 9.5%, it was observed that the inhibitory effect of 4% trifluoroiodomethane on the maximum explosion pressure was approximately 4.6 times that of the same amount of carbon dioxide, and the inhibitory effect of 4% trifluoroiodomethane on the maximum explosion pressure rise rate and flame propagation speed was approximately 2.7 times that of the same amount of carbon dioxide. The addition of 0.5%–1.5% trifluoromethane to 4% and 8% carbon dioxide can improve the explosion suppression efficiency of carbon dioxide. This enhancing phenomenon is a comprehensive manifestation of the oxygen-decreasing effect of carbon dioxide and the trifluoroiodomethane-related endothermic effect and reduction in key free radicals.     

Suppression effects of powder suppressants on the explosions of oxyhydrogen gas

Suppression tests of oxyhydrogen gas explosions were performed in an explosion tube with five types of dry powder used as the suppressants. The experimental results showed that the powder with large dust cloud density and small radius has better suppression effect, which agrees well with previous correlative results. Moreover, our results also showed that particles with chemical activity and light material density, their suppression effect are more prominent than that of the inert particles with heavy density. To discover the detailed suppression process of dust powder, governing equations were developed based on the homogeneous reactive two-phase flow. The TVD scheme and the Lax–Wendroff–Rubin scheme were adopted to solve the reactive gas phase and particle phase, respectively. The time splitting technique was employed to handle the stiffness of the coupled equations. Our calculated results showed that the dust cloud has the suppression effect on the explosion of oxyhydrogen gas, and with the increase of dust cloud density or the decrease of particle diameter, its suppression effect become more evident, which is in good agreement with our experimental results, in addition, the numerical results showed that with the same particle diameter, the suppression performance is enhanced with the reduction in particle material density.     

受限空间内惰性气体对CH4爆炸抑制特性研究

N2和CO2是常用的惰性抑爆气体,为研究两种气体的抑爆特性,采用20L球形爆炸试验装置,分析了不同浓度配比条件下N2/CH4/空气以及CO2/CH4/空气混合气体的爆炸压力,同时采集爆炸后的气体样品,对比分析爆炸后残留气体的主要成分。结果显示:随CH4浓度从5%增加至12.5%时,完全抑制CH4爆炸需要的惰性气体最小量先增大后降低,CH4浓度在6.5%~7.5%之间时,抑爆需要的惰性气体的量最大;在同一CH4浓度条件下,抑爆需要N2的量大于CO2,并且CH4浓度在5%~6.5%时,抑爆需要两种惰性气体的量值差别最大;当CH4浓度一定时,随着加入惰性气体量的增大,爆炸最大超压逐渐降低,惰性气体浓度和爆炸超压之间基本呈线性关系;在同样条件下,相对于N2,CO2为抑爆气体时,爆炸后腔体内残留的CH4浓度较高。研究成果为惰性气体抑爆技术提供技术支撑,同时为揭示惰性气体抑爆机理有一定作用。