食用菌生产新技术——液体深层发酵

食用菌的人工培养自古以来都是采用固体栽培获得子实体。50年代Szuecs J用大型发酵罐进行液体深层发酵,培养羊肚菌的菌丝体获得成功。自此以后液体发酵的食用菌产品不断问世。60年代末,我国应用于临床的灵芝糖浆,就是采用液体深层发酵方法的首例。至今,我国已报导液体深层发     

黑木耳液体菌种试验初报

制备液体菌种,周期短、产量高、菌龄整齐、成本低廉,是食用菌工厂化生产的新途径。1986年9月,我们开始培养黑木耳(Auricularia auricula)液体菌种,并进行了转接段木栽培试验,现已初见成效。     

桑金钱菌的纯化培养及多糖获取

采用组织分离法,从桑树上分离到一菌种,鉴定为担子菌亚门层菌纲伞菌目口蘑科冬菇属真菌类。经培养,该菌种适宜生长温度为22℃,适宜生长培养基为马铃薯培养基。在液体培养基中震荡培养得到大量菌丝,经冷冻干燥、微波提取后得粗多糖,含量为5.36%左右。     

四川盆北山区羊肚菌及其生态环境初报

羊肚菌(Morchella.esculemta),又名羊肚菜、羊肚蘑、阳雀菌,是一种名贵的昧美野生食用菌。其性平、味甘寒,具有益肠胃、化痰理气等功效,是出口创汇的主要土特产品之一。对野生羊肚菌生态条件的研究,将为人工驯化栽培提供科学依据。笔者从1992年4月起,对四川盆北山区(青川、平武、剑阁、广元等县)野生羊肚菌的生态环境进行了初步调查。1 羊肚菌各品种的形态特征与发生期经初步鉴定,盆北山区羊肚菌已发现有:①羊肚菌(Morchella.esculenta)菌盖长3.5～8cm,近球形至卵形,顶端纯圆,有许多小凹坑,小凹坑呈不规     

氨氮降解菌最佳培养条件及降解动力学研究＊

从污水处理厂活性污泥中筛选分离得到一株高效氨氮降解菌AD-5,研究了温度、pH值、摇床转速以及接种量对降解菌AD-5的影响。实验结果表明:降解菌AD-5最适生长温度为35℃,最适宜培养基pH为7,最适宜摇床转速为120r/min,100mLLB液体培养基,最适宜的接种量为6.0mL。在最佳培养条件下菌株AD-5具有更高的活性。菌种AD-5对氨氮的降解动力学实验结果表明:氨氮的残留浓度Y与时间X符合方程Y=73.3836e(-0.07722)X。     

重油生物脱硫菌的筛选

本实验由菌种采集开始，经过富集培养、平板分离、选样、摇瓶培养等步骤，筛选出了具有较好脱硫能力的菌株，并通过紫外分光光度计和气相色谱仪初步检测了它们的脱硫能力。     

松乳菇母种培养基及松乳菇人工栽培方法

松乳菇的母种培养基主要由酵母 2 ｇ～ 1 0 ｇ、尼克酸 1ｍｇ～ 1 0ｍｇ、叶酸 2ｍｇ～ 8ｍｇ及生物素 1ｍｇ～ 8ｍｇ等组成。用该培养基进行菌种培养 ,选用马尾松种子与菌种培养成菌根合成苗 ,将菌根合成苗在常规条件下种植 2年～ 3年即可出菇。利用本发明提供的母种培养基和人工栽培方法可实现松乳菇的产业化生产。 (ＣＮ 1 2 4 0 572Ａ)松乳菇母种培养基及松乳菇人工栽培方法     

稠油污水生化性处理技术研究

为了探讨稠油污水能否使用生物法处理,以生活污水和农药厂生化池原菌种经过诱导驯化,分别培养了可以在稠油污水中生长的好氧菌种革兰氏阴性菌G-1和厌氧菌种革兰氏阴性菌G-2.以G-2和G-1对稠油污水进行顺序处理,可使其BOD5/CODCr达到0.26;采用SBR法对新疆稠油污水放大处理试验的结果：COD降至150 mg/L以下,各项指标达到GB8978-1998二级排放标准.     

球壳孢菌和胶孢炭疽菌的液体培养特性研究

对银杏叶内生真菌球壳孢科菌株A114和胶孢炭疽菌菌株05—27的液体培养特性的初步研究得出：两种菌株均在马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基中生长最好、菌丝产量最高，在pH4．0-8．5的马丁氏液体培养基中均能生长。A114菌株和05—27菌株的最佳氮、碳源分别为酵母粉和葡萄糖，A114菌株最适pH为6．6，05—27菌株最适pH为6．9。     

自养型锰氧化菌的选育及除锰效果研究

自养型生物除锰滤池可以有效地去除地下水中的锰,为了获取接种该滤池的菌种并探究其除锰效果,利用改良的JFM培养基对曝气池中的活性污泥进行驯化培养,筛选出了除锰率在90%以上的高效自养型锰氧化菌。通过平板培养和革兰氏染色,得到3种不同的菌落且均为阴性菌,16S rDNA基因组测序发现5种不同的科属。菌液经过2个周期的传代培养,探究其除锰效果,最高除锰率达到了98%。     

玉米芯生产单细胞蛋白研究——生产SCP的Candida Boidinii No.2201诱变菌株的筛选

本研究对用玉米芯酸水解液生产ＳＣＰ的ＣａｎｄｉｄａｂｏｉｄｉｎｉＮｏ．２２０１诱变株进行了初步筛选,选出了诱变菌株Ｙ１０８,其产量比原菌种增加２５％左右,达到了２８ｇ／Ｌ～３０ｇ／Ｌ,产品粗蛋白含量为３５％。初步研究表明,利用诱变株Ｙ１０８生产ＳＣＰ有可能成为未来较好的饲料蛋白添加剂     

通江银耳菌种的质量鉴定

建立无公害通江银耳的菌种质量鉴定标准,分别从感官、显微镜检查、生理特点、药物敏感试验、理化鉴定等方面进行了研究,提出了通江银耳菌种质量的鉴定标准。其鉴定标准切实可行,有利于对通江银耳的菌种质量进行管理。     

新型耐高温滤料的研制与发展

论述了高炉煤气净化用非织造滤料的选用原则,介绍了抚顺市工业用布厂研制开发的复合型耐高温滤主其发展趋势。     

A MODIFIED RATIONAL FORMULA FOR FLOOD DESIGN IN SMALL BASINS1

ABSTRACT: New formulas and procedures under the framework of the Rational Formula are presented that are applicable to flood design problems for a small basin if the geometry of the basin can be approximated as an ellipse or a rhombus. Instead of making the assumption in the traditional rational formula that the rainfall is uniformly distributed in the whole duration (D_w) of a design storm, the new method modifies that assumption as: the rainfall is uniformly distributed only in each time interval CD) of the design storm hyetograph, thus extending the rational formula applicable to the case that the rainfall duration is less than the basin concentration time (T_c). The new method can be applied to estimate the flood design peak discharge, and to generate the flood hydrograph simultaneously. The derivation of the formulas is provided in detail in this paper, and an example is also included to illustrate how to apply the new formulas to the flood design problems in small basins.     

Reforming the National Framework for Environmental Policies in Saudi Arabia

The current framework for national environmental policies in Saudi Arabia suffers from overlapping authority, a slow decision-making process, gaps in legislation and implementation difficulties. The paper gives a brief assessment of the existing framework including: political culture; environmental decision making process; environmental institutions; and environmental awareness. This is followed by a proposal for reforming the current framework.The proposalcovers four main sectors: political culture and the public role; environmental decision making; environmental policies and laws; and institutional structure.     

废弃聚合物钻井液化学脱水处理技术的实验研究

在分析废弃聚合物钻井液组成的基础上，对采用化学固液分离无害化处理方法进行了实验研究。以部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（ＨＰＡＭ）、聚电解质Ａ为絮凝剂和混合酸为凝聚剂的复合絮凝剂配方，可以彻底破坏ＨＰＡＭ类型废弃钻井液的胶体体系，使废浆液絮凝脱水。通过３口井废钻井液样品的絮凝试验，加药剂后废浆液自然脱水率为２５％～３５％，１３．３ｋＰａ压差下抽滤出水率为５１％～６０％，絮凝残渣无再造浆能力。     

Prediction of Total Sediment Load in Sand‐Bed Rivers in Korea Using Lateral Distribution Method

A new method for numerically predicting the total sediment load in a river is proposed. The method can be used to predict the total sediment load with information on channel geometry and slope, flow, and bed materials. The conventional method uses a 1D approach that assumes the channel has a wide rectangular shape. However, the proposed method computes depth‐averaged velocity over the width and predicts the total sediment load based on the flow computations. The new method, therefore, is expected to predict better if the flow changes significantly in the lateral direction. The proposed method was applied to three large sand‐bed rivers in Korea, where information is available regarding suspended sediment. Five formulas were tested of use in making total sediment load computations, namely Engelund‐Hansen's, Ackers‐White's, Yang's, Brownlie's, and Karim's formulas. The predicted total sediment loads are compared not only with measured data but also with results calculated using the 1D approach. Discrepancy ratios between the predicted and measured total sediment loads are given and the results are discussed.     

湘西民族文化产业发展对策研究

民族文化产业是文化产业发展中一个重要组成部分,是充分利用当地富有特色的民族文化资源,促进本地区经济社会文化协调发展的一个重要途径。以湘西自治州民族文化产业为研究对象,通过实地调查,分析了湘西民族文化产业发展中存在的问题,提出了湘西民族文化产业的发展对策。     

碱性工业废水的治理技术

本文介绍了利用我国目前大量排放的印染、造纸等碱性工业废水进行中小型燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫的技术。该技术投资少、运行费用低,具有较好的经济效益     

Ultra-deep Desulfurization of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels: Chemistry and Process

Abstract

Recently, ultra-deep desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbon fuels is becoming very important worldwide not only because of the heightened interest for cleaner air and thus increasingly stringent environmental regulations for fuel sulfur content, but also because of the great need for making ultra-low-sulfur fuels used in hydrocarbon fuel process for fuel cell applications. This article is a selective review on chemistry and process concerning the ultra-deep desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbon fuels. The principles and problems for the existing hydrodesulfurization processes and the challenges, concepts, advantages, and disadvantages of various new approaches are discussed, including (1) sulfur compounds in liquid hydrocarbon fuels; (2) Reactivity and mechanistic aspect of various sulfur compounds; (3) Challenges in ultra-deep desulfurization processes; (4) Approaches to ultra-deep desulfurization process.