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1.
土壤微生物在草地生态系统功能中发挥着重要作用,但其多样性对草地退化的响应尚未得到充分研究.采用宏基因组测序技术对五台山亚高山草甸4个不同退化阶段[未退化(ND)、轻度退化(LD)、中度退化(MD)和重度退化(HD)]土壤微生物分类和功能多样性特征及其影响因素进行分析.结果表明,4个不同退化阶段亚高山草甸之间放线菌门、拟杆菌门、硝化螺旋菌门和Parcubacteria的相对丰度存在显著差异(P<0.05).与ND草甸相比,退化草甸增加了与碳代谢、氨基酸生物合成、丙酮酸代谢、柠檬酸循环、丙酸代谢、丁酸代谢和脂肪酸代谢相关的基因比例,表明亚高山草甸退化改变了土壤微生物群落能量代谢和营养循环的潜力.草地退化改变了土壤微生物分类和功能α多样性,特别是MD和HD草甸中微生物功能多样性显著降低.亚高山草甸退化过程中土壤微生物物种分类和功能组成均显著变化(P<0.05).土壤总氮、pH值和有机质含量对微生物群落分类和功能组成具有显著影响.植物群落β多样性与微生物群落分类和功能β多样性显著相关(P<0.05),具有强耦合性.研究结果揭示了草地退化过程中地下微生物分类和功能多样性的变化及...  相似文献   

2.
于皓  刘悦  邓晔  芦光新  颜珲璘  王英成 《环境科学》2023,44(5):2928-2935
为了研究天然高寒草地转变为混播人工草地对土壤微生物群落的影响,采用高通量测序技术分析了青海省共和县的天然以及由天然转变为混播人工草地样地土壤中的微生物群落.结果表明,天然草地转变为混播人工草地后植被物种多样性和土壤有机质含量显著下降(P<0.05).在两块样地共检测到29个细菌门和11个真菌门的微生物.天然草地转变为人工草地后,土壤细菌的多样性显著升高,细菌的香农指数从9.51增加到9.89;土壤真菌的多样性降低但差异不显著.与天然草地相比,人工草地的土壤细菌与真菌群落结构、组成均发生了明显的变化,细菌群落结构与总有机质的含量、总氮含量和土壤含水量显著相关,真菌群落结构与总有机质含量和土壤含水量显著相关.线性判别分析(LEfSe)结果表明,暗黑菌门细菌(Atribacteria)和子囊菌门真菌(Ascomycota)可作为天然草地的指示微生物类群,出芽菌属细菌(Gemmata)和发菌科真菌(Trichocomaceae)可作为人工草地的指示微生物类群.利用Tax4Fun2对细菌群落功能的预测发现,天然草地向人工草地的转变影响了细菌群落对不同碳源的利用潜力.  相似文献   

3.
为研究高寒沼泽湿地退化过程中土壤微生物群落多样性的变化,应用MiSeq高通量测序技术,分析高寒沼泽湿地退化过程中土壤微生物群落多样性以及相关的环境因子.结果表明,高寒沼泽湿地退化改变了土壤微生物在OTUs水平上的物种组成,OTUs种类变化丘间较冻融丘明显,且土壤真菌OTUs种类变化显著;冻融丘和丘间细菌微生物多样性指数大于真菌微生物;不同退化高寒沼泽湿地土壤优势微生物种类相同,细菌为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和RB41,真菌为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和被孢霉属(Mortierella),除RB41外未退化与重度退化间优势微生物丰度有较大差异(P<0.05),丘间的优势微生物对不同退化较冻融丘敏感;土壤含水量、有机碳、微生物碳、微生物氮和莎草科的盖度是影响土壤微生物群落结构的主要因素.综上所述:高寒沼泽湿地退化导致微生物多样性降低,在湿地恢复中应加强湿地冻融丘和莎草科植物的保护以及土壤水分、有机碳和微生物碳氮的补充.  相似文献   

4.
铜尾矿坝及其周边土壤真菌群落结构与功能多样性   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
陈建文  张红  李君剑  刘勇 《环境科学》2021,42(4):2056-2065
土壤真菌群落会因环境条件的变化而重新构建.为了探究山西省垣曲县十八河尾矿坝及其周边土壤中真菌群落的结构与功能多样性,本研究探讨了坝体草地、15 a杨树林、农田、10 a杨树林这4种土地利用方式下土壤真菌群落的结构组成和碳源利用功能多样性.结果表明,研究区15 a杨树林地中真菌群落丰度和多样性最高,坝体草地中最低;子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)是研究区的优势真菌类群,其中,子囊菌门(Ascomycota)在所有样地中均有最大分布,其在坝体草地中的分布达到92.92%;15 a杨树林地中真菌群落碳源利用多样性最高,坝体草地中真菌群落碳源利用多样性显著高于农田和10 a杨树林地,坝体草地土壤真菌群落对糖苷类碳源的利用效率显著高于其余3种土地利用类型.相关分析表明,土壤真菌群落丰度与土壤总氮显著相关(P<0.05),而与土壤重金属含量不相关.土壤真菌群落多样性指数与重金属Cd、As之间具有显著相关性,与其他重金属无显著相关性.本研究结果表明长期受重金属污染胁迫下,土壤中真菌群落更多受土壤肥力和土地利用方式影响,而与土壤重金属浓度不呈线性关系.本研究结果对土壤真菌群落在重金属污染区土壤修复中的应用具有重要意义.  相似文献   

5.
为了明确黄河源区斑块化退化高寒草甸土壤细菌和真菌群落对长期封育的响应特征,通过对土壤理化性质分析和高通量测序技术,对1年期(E1)、短期(E4)和长期(E10)围栏封育下土壤pH、含水量、养分和微生物群落组成及多样性进行分析.结果表明,E1封育显著降低土壤pH,而长短期封育均显著提高土壤pH,长期封育能显著提高土壤含水量和全氮含量,短期封育能显著提高土壤速效磷含量.长期封育能显著提高细菌变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和真菌子囊菌门(Ascomycota)相对丰度,短期封育能显著提高细菌酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)相对丰度,但长短期封育均使真菌担子菌门(Basidiomycota)相对丰度下降;随着封育年限的延长,细菌的Chao1和Shannon多样性指数呈增加趋势,长短期封育无显著差异,真菌的Chao1指数逐渐增加,Shannon多样性指数先增加后减小,长短期封育无显著差异.冗余分析(RDA)表明,围栏封育主要通过改变土壤pH和含水量来改变微生物群落组成和结构.因此,E4短期封育能明显改善斑块化退化高寒草甸的土壤理化性质和微生物多样性,无需进行长期封育,否则会造...  相似文献   

6.
为了了解三江平原小叶章湿地真菌群落结构及多样性变化,探讨湿地水分下降对真菌群落结构的影响.本研究采用高通量测序技术,分析和比较了黑龙江省科学院自然与生态研究所三江平原野外试验研究站内3个不同退化阶段小叶章生态类型湿地真菌群落结构多样性,探讨真菌群落改变的原因.结果表明,从小叶章沼泽湿地(w0)→小叶章沼泽化草甸湿地(w1)→小叶章草甸湿地(w2)的变化,土壤Shannon-Wiener指数(H)呈现出逐步上升的规律,即:w0w1w2.序列比对结果显示,不同小叶章湿地土壤真菌分别属于子囊菌(Ascomycota)、担子菌(Basidiomycota)、壶菌(Chytridiomycota)、未知菌(Fungi_unclassified)、接合菌(Zygomycota)这5个真菌类群,优势菌门为未知菌门(75.12%)、子囊菌门(56.56%)、担子菌门(72.65%).而且Heatmap分析也显示沼泽化草甸湿地和草甸湿地的真菌群落结构和组成比较接近.真菌群落结构受到了土壤养分以及植物组成等影响,其中土壤养分解释贡献率达88.62%,植物组成解释贡献率达到9.85%.三江平原小叶章湿地不同退化阶段湿地真菌群落结构存在较大差异,土壤水分因子对真菌多样性影响较大.这为研究三江平原湿地退化后的真菌结构多样性及空间异质性提供了科学依据.  相似文献   

7.
苏晓雪  李希来  李成一  孙华方 《环境科学》2022,43(11):5286-5293
为明确不同坡度退化高寒草甸土壤真菌多样性对外源氮添加的响应规律,选取三江源区果洛州不同坡度退化程度相近的高寒草甸,进行外源氮添加试验,探讨不同氮添加水平:低等量氮添加(LN,2 g ·m-2)、中等量氮添加(MN,5 g ·m-2)和高等量氮添加(HN,10 g ·m-2)对不同坡度退化草地土壤真菌多样性的影响.结果表明:①土壤中真菌分布类群集中于子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)和球囊菌门(Glomeromycota),其中优势菌门为子囊菌门和担子菌门.子囊菌门、根肿黑粉门和油壶菌门等相对丰度在不同坡度间差异显著(P<0.05).而同一坡度不同氮添加处理下真菌各门丰度变化差异均不显著.②优势属为被孢霉属和Archaeorhizomyces,它们对不同坡度和不同氮添加水平的响应无差异性.③已鉴定95个菌属在不同坡度间存在显著差异(P<0.05).④一些相对丰度<1%的属在同一坡度不同水平氮添加间存在显著差异(P<0.05).5 αβ多样性分析整体表现为在不同坡度和不同氮添加水平下土壤真菌群落无差异性.表明退化高寒草甸土壤真菌对外源氮添加的响应不敏感.  相似文献   

8.
红壤区退化林地表土真菌群落结构对土壤改良措施的响应   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
真菌群落结构和多样性对于土壤改良效果具有高敏感性.研究南方红壤区侵蚀退化林表土真菌群落对有机肥、生物炭和石灰+微生物肥的响应,以明晰不同改土措施的作用.结果表明:(1)3种土壤改良措施均降低了表土真菌丰富度,其中石灰+微生物肥降低作用最大,3种土壤改良措施对表土真菌多样性也有影响,但影响不显著;(2)表土中优势真菌门为子囊菌门(Ascomycota, 31.29%~46.55%)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota, 30.07%~70.71%),优势真菌属为阿太菌属(Amphinema)和单形古根菌属(Archaeorhizomyces),3种土壤改良措施对表土真菌群落结构的影响不同,有机肥提高了子囊菌门和单形古根菌属的相对丰度,生物炭提高了担子菌门和阿太菌属的相对丰度,而石灰+微生物肥则提高了担子菌门和单形古根菌属的相对丰度;(3)土壤pH是影响表土真菌丰富度的关键因子,而表土真菌群落结构则受pH、全氮和有机碳的影响.研究结果为南方红壤区侵蚀退化林地土壤改良,林下植被生态恢复提供科学指导.  相似文献   

9.
为探究甜龙竹(Dendrocalamus brandisii)种植年限对土壤真菌群落的影响,以不同种植年限(5、 10、 20和40 a)甜龙竹土壤为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术和FUNGuild功能预测相结合的研究方法,分析不同种植年限下甜龙竹土壤真菌群落结构、多样性和功能的差异,揭示驱动土壤真菌群落变化的主要土壤环境因子.结果表明,土壤真菌在门水平上的优势群落为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)和毛霉菌门(Mucoromycota);被孢霉门的相对丰度随着种植年限的增加先降低后升高,在不同种植年限差异显著(P<0.05).在纲水平上的优势群落为粪壳菌纲(Sordariomycetes)、伞菌纲(Agaricomycetes)、散囊菌纲(Eurotiomycetes)和被孢霉纲(Mortierellomycetes);粪壳菌纲和座囊菌纲(Dothideomycetes)的相对丰度随着种植年限的增加先降低后升高,在不同种植年限差异显著(P<0.01).土壤真菌Richness指数和Shan...  相似文献   

10.
油松(Pinus tabuliformis Carr.)具有保土保肥和改善水土流失的作用,是黄土高原地区植被恢复中广泛使用的树种.为了探究土壤微生物多样性和群落结构对人工油松林演替的响应及其环境因子驱动机制,以太岳山脉潘家山10、20和30 a人工油松林土壤为研究对象,基于野外采样、室内理化分析和高通量测序等手段,分析不同林龄表层和亚表层土壤微生物群落结构、多样性及其与土壤理化性质之间的关系.结果表明:(1)30 a的人工油松林演替显著改变了土壤养分状况. SOM、TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N、AP和AK均随演替的进行显著升高;TP和TK含量随演替年限逐渐降低.(2)不同林龄油松林土壤真菌的优势门为子囊菌门、担子菌门和被孢菌门,细菌的优势门为放线菌门、变形菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门和芽单胞菌门.(3)油松林土壤微生物中细菌占绝对优势,真菌和细菌拷贝数随林龄增加均显著增加,30 a油松林土壤真菌拷贝数和细菌拷贝数分别是10 a油松林的6.61倍和2.55倍.(4)随着林龄增加,土壤真菌多样性显著下降.属水平上,子囊菌门中青霉菌属相对丰度大幅下降,达21.07%,担子菌门中红菇属相对丰度...  相似文献   

11.
Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity (both in gene richness and diversity index values) and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor (50 mg/kg) recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos (150 mg/kg) caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes (bands) responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals: four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.  相似文献   

12.
Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.  相似文献   

13.
Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury (HgT), combinative mercury (Hgc) and gaseous mercury (HgG), and content of total organic carbon (TOC), but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of (HgG,/HgT)1992〉(HgG/HgT)1996〉〉(HgG/HgT)2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn: with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants (e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum) are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.  相似文献   

14.
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.  相似文献   

15.
The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol (PCP) oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration (CMC). Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.  相似文献   

16.
Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.  相似文献   

17.
Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone (BP 1,6- quinone), trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP 7,8-diol), 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBP), were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that (1) the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; (2) the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; (3) the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% (w/v), concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.  相似文献   

18.
Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.  相似文献   

19.
以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.  相似文献   

20.
In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato (Solanum tuberosum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena), for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.  相似文献   

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