铝生产过程碱烧伤事故及对策

通过对山西铝厂氧化铝分厂５年的碱烧伤事故分析与研究，指出了发生该类事故的原因，提出了在氧化铝生产中预防的对策，对氧化铝生产降低碱烧伤事故具有指导意义 。     

氧化铝厂技术改造项目安全管理的分析及对策

1 氧化铝厂安全管理特性 我国六大氧化铝厂均采用碱法生产工艺,是典型的冶金化工过程.生产过程的碱浓度较高,极易发生碱烧伤事故,生产设备大型化、生产介质多样化、生产工艺复杂化等注定了氧化铝厂安全管理的特殊性,因此在氧化铝厂进行技术改造时,就必须有一套独特的安全管理模式.     

中铝山西分公司安全重细节

2006年5月初，作为氧化铝生产领域的专家、中铝山西分公司马达卡总经理亲自给全公司的二级单位行政一把手和安全系统人员上了一堂生动的碱烧伤事故急救课。     

选矿拜耳法氧化铝生产过程危害评价与对策

选矿拜耳法生产氧化铝是典型的冶金化工过程,涉及到了多种危险有害因素.本文通过对国内现役选矿拜耳法氧化铝生产装置进行调研,同时结合国内外其他涉及氧化铝生产厂家的情况,分析并指出了生产过程中可能出现的危险有害因素,进而提出了相应对策措施,可为企业消除事故隐患实现安全生产提供保障.     

安全清理槽罐类设备

生料浆槽罐类设备是有色冶金行业烧结法生产氧化铝常用的储存设备。由于生料浆自身性质或因设备搅拌不良等原因,经常会造成结疤现象。结疤沉积在槽壁上,时间一长,会引起槽罐类设备下料不畅,这时就需要对其进行清理。清理作业过程是比较容易发生事故的环节,可能造成人员被灼伤、高处坠落、触电,或被物体砸伤等事故。     

实施标准化 控制清检作业风险

中国铝业中州分公司第二氧化铝厂是中铝公司与中南大学等单位联合研发的国家“九五”重点科技攻关项目“选矿拜尔法生产氧化铝新工艺”在中州分公司成功实施的产业化基地,在2004年12月18日第一条年30万t氧化铝产能生产线建成投运后,中州分公司成为国内独有的选矿拜尔法氧化铝生产企业,其已建成的二条年产30万t生产线经工艺改进,现已具有年产80万t氧化铝产能。面对新工艺、新技术条件下的企业安全生产管理,第二氧化铝厂从2006年开始探索实施清检作业标准化管理,收到了良好的效果,     

硼酸液洗涤器

在化工生产中,常发生酸碱烧伤事故,若现场处理及时,可减轻烧伤程度。如当氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾、氢氧化铵等碱液溅到皮肤上或眼睛内时,应立即用大量清水冲洗或用2%的硼酸液洗涤。特别是眼睛,要求彻底清洗,以防残留碱液,对组织继续烧伤。 我厂烧碱车间为便于冲洗,用聚氯乙烯塑料自制了硼酸液洗涤器(见示意图),将100市斤的2%硼酸液放置在储液罐内,以备碱液烧伤时洗涤。经使用证明,硼酸液洗涤器使用方便,为保护职工身体健康起到了一定作用。硼酸液洗涤器@王世康$重庆江北区天原化工厂     

防护生产流程中碱液危害

企业在生产氧化铝时,系统流程中的铝酸钠溶液具有强烈的腐蚀性,再加上其生产工艺复杂,生产设备繁多,现场随时存在不安全因素,对人和环境构成了一定的威胁,容易产生严重后果。因此,企业必须对生产流程中的腐蚀性物料铝酸钠溶液加以防范。如何做好流程中碱液生产的安全防护,中国铝业中州分公司氧化铝厂从技术和管理两方面入手,探索出一套危险化学品安全管理方法。     

齐心抗疫情奋力保生产——广西华银铝业有限公司抓防疫促工作纪实

新冠肺炎疫情发生以来,面对持续低迷的氧化铝市场形势,广西华银铝业有限公司全体干部职工凝心聚力、团结一致,齐心抗疫情奋力保生产,在非常时期以非常状态、非常手段开展疫情防控和安全生产各项工作。1月至2月,该公司累计生产氧化铝38万吨,销售氧化铝34.54万吨,公司生产经营保持安全、连续、稳定态势。     

铬盐生产过程中危险性分析与典型事故预防

根据铬盐生产工艺流程及特点,通过对生产危险性的分析,确定了铬盐生产典型事故的类型,采用事故树方法对生产中的典型事故红矾钠生产中毒事故进行分析,得到了69个最小割集,3个最小径集和结构重要度,得出有69条可导致红矾钠生产中毒事故的途径,以及未穿戴防护用具是结构重要度最大的基本事件和事故发生的主要原因.在此基础上,提出了预...     

交通事故发生规律与城市道路系统的规划设计研究

笔者分析了城市交通事故发生率与道路等级、道路断面形式、路网密度、交叉口形式、道路车速的关系及交通事故人群的分布规律,认为道路宽而稀、支路缺乏、街道功能不清是我国城市道路网与用地微观布局的基本特点。大量数据分析表明,这种路网体系与我国的城市交通事故率偏高有着密切关系。路网规划是城市路网建设的基本依据,笔者认为,应当将降低城市交通事故率作为路网规划的考虑内容之一,同时指出,应在路网规划中合理选择道路断面形式、交叉口形式,建议适度加密路网、健全支路体系、理清街道功能,并考虑城市道路的车速控制与驾驶心态调整。     

Missing safety measures led to the jet fire and seven deaths at a steel plant in Turin. Dynamics and lessons learned

The Authors of this paper are the technical experts that were entrusted by the Public Prosecutor to conduct the technical inquiry into the accident that occurred in the ThyssenKrupp plant in Torino on December 6, 2007. The paper contains the results of the inquiry under the above mentioned point of view. The dynamics of the accident, the main causes and the consequences have been defined.This was an unusual accident from which important lessons can be learned. On December 6, a modest fire developed in the entry section of a pickling and annealing line in the TK plant in Turin. The eight workers on duty seized the firefighting equipment and started to try to extinguish the fire. The workers had portable fire extinguishers and a fire hydrant, so they had to get close to the fire to fight it. Suddenly, a violent jet fire, caused by the rupture of a hydraulic circuit, occurred. The flame instantaneously struck the eight workers while they were still fighting the fire. Seven workers suffered very serious burns, one died instantaneously while the other six had over the following month. One of the workers, who was partly protected by an operating machine, suffered only minor burns and survived. The paper contains some important lessons that have been learned from the present case, which demonstrate that the fire risk at pickling and annealing lines has generally been underestimated by the steel industry. The fire risk due to hydraulic actuators is also evident and new fire fighting strategies are suggested.     

基于事故发展与控制的隐患分级方法

为使隐患管理工作更加科学,对隐患与事故的关系进行研讨,提出隐患的根本属性是能够促使事故发生或发展。通过预估促使和控制(阻碍)事故发展的因素,来揭示隐患在事故过程中的作用机制。根据发生作用的时间将隐患分为第1类隐患和第2类隐患。在风险评估过程中,解决了具体隐患风险分级的问题,提出隐患暴露频率、其他条件的可能性、隐患纠正系数、事故后果初始分值、人员防护修正系数、人员暴露修正系数、应急处理与事故控制修正系数和财产损失修正系数等评价指标。通过隐患致因事故风险的计算,评估隐患的最终风险。     

GIS在化工园区事故应急救援辅助决策中的应用

采用GIS平台与应急决策支持技术相结合,以园区高危工艺和重大危险源作为分析对象,开发化工园区安全管理系统中的应急救援辅助决策模块,针对园区内高危工艺或重大危险源事故后果预测与事故应急救援管理的科学性和有效性,扩展为对整个化工园区的事故风险管理与事故应急救援辅助决策支持。运用该模块可实现园区内突发事故后果预测、最优救援和疏散路径规划、应急辅助决策方案生成,有效提高化工园区事故救援的科学性和效率,减少人员伤亡和财产损失,提高化工园区安全管理水平。     

碱回收锅炉结构特点及安全性控制

碱回收锅炉是碱法和硫酸盐法造纸工艺的关键设备,我国现阶段碱回收炉均采用自然循环敷管炉墙全钢架吊挂结构,炉膛采用鳍片水冷壁、全密封焊接而成。通过对碱回收锅炉结构及运行特点进行分析,结合实际介绍了碱回收炉设计制造、安装过程、监督检验过程提高安全性的一些强化措施,并指出了在安装和检验过程应重点关注的一些问题。     

Reference criteria for the identification of accident scenarios in the framework of land use planning

Land use planning (LUP) around industrial sites at risk of major accidents requires the application of sound approaches in the selection of credible accident scenarios. In fact, the ‘technical’ phase of LUP is based on the identification and assessment of relevant accident scenarios. An improper choice of scenarios may critically affect both the ‘technical’ phase of risk assessment and the following ‘policy’ phase concerning decision making on land-use restrictions and/or licensing. The present study introduces a procedure aimed at the systematic identification of reference accident scenarios to be used in the gathering of technical data on potential major accidents, which is a necessary step for LUP around Seveso sites. Possible accident scenarios are generated by an improved version of the MIMAH methodology (Methodology for the Identification of Major Accident Hazards). The accident scenarios are then assessed for LUP relevance considering severity, frequency and time scale criteria. The influence of prevention and mitigation barriers is also taken into account. Two applications are used to demonstrate the proposed procedure. In both case-studies, the proposed methodology proved successful in producing consistent sets of reference scenarios.     

安全与事故运动规律初探

通过分析安全、隐患、事故之间的变化规律,揭示了安全与事故不仅普遍存在于自然界和人类社会活动中,具有与客观规律相依而生的自然属性,而且两者的对立统一,又具有促进客观事故向高层次发展的社会属性。     

游艺机的安全及管理对策探讨

游艺机和游乐设施将休闲、娱乐和消费融为一体，专门用来满足人们的特殊需要，其涉及人的安全，具有很高的风险，本用安全系统的理念和思维方法，从人、机和人一机关系三要素入手，分析游艺机的事故特点和发展原因，对游艺机的安全管理问题提出了对策和建议。     

Route evaluation for hazmat transportation based on total risk - A case of Indian State Highways

Risk-based hazmat transportation route evaluation involves risk calculations taking into consideration the probability of collision related accident occurrence and detailed consequence analysis of various event scenarios. Probabilistic hazmat transportation risk assessment mainly depends on three important factors i.e. accident rate, Average Daily Traffic and population density besides route length which has a definite bearing on it. An effort has been made to estimate the route segment specific (location-specific) accident rate instead of aggregate National or State average values in order to bring specificity into the issue of decision making to avoid routes with higher accident rates. Instead of using default accident rate for different highway types developed with the US data, which are not well-comparable when used in Indian situations; the author used site-specific truck accident data. Subsequently, Loss of Containment (LOC) probabilities and spillage probabilities for different route segments have been computed and compared. Finally, route segment-wise total risk is estimated which is a convenient measure of the average number of persons likely to be exposed from all the possible consequence event scenarios resulting from releases of different hazmats being transported along the studied routes. The present study highlights the route evaluation carried out based on total risk computation, without going through detailed event based consequence analysis on two State Highway routes and one major urban road passing through important industrial corridors of Surat District in western India, to enable routing decisions by local authorities and also for planning emergency mitigation purposes.     

STAMP模型在危化品道路运输事故分析中的应用研究

为保障危化品道路运输行车安全,基于STAMP模型构建危化品道路运输的分层安全控制结构,将安全问题看作是控制问题,并将系统工程思想融入事故预防中。在此基础上,引入沪昆高速湖南邵阳段“7.19”特别重大道路交通危化品爆燃事故并对其进行实证分析,从物理层、基础层、运营层及监管层动态分析导致事故发生的控制缺失。结果表明:基于STAMP模型的安全分析方法不仅可考虑由组件失效引起的事故,还可发现组件之间的组织问题及决策背景,并对事故致因做出更为详细的解释,为类似事故的分析和预防提供思路与参考。