“五大抓手”助推重庆核与辐射安全工作迈上新台阶

正近年来,重庆核与辐射监管工作以"五大发展理念"为指引,按照生态文明建设的总体部署,深入贯彻第五次全国核与辐射安全监管工作会议精神,以辐射安全监管为中心,抓好机制、能力、监管、监测和宣教五个方面工作,全力助推重庆核与辐射安全工作迈上新台阶。抓好机制建设,筑牢监管工作保障工程一是落实规划先行机制,夯实法     

重庆市合川区践行生态文明工作的几点思考

重庆市合川区环境保护工作始终坚持生态发展理念,探索美丽宜居生态的城乡发展道路。合川区根据功能区的划分,结合实际,把生态环境保护工作纳入经济社会发展规划,严格项目环境准入政策,将环保工作纳入部门党政"一把手"绩效考核中。以环保"五大行动"工作任务、总量减排工作为主线,结合群众教育实践活动,策划区域环境保护专项整治行动,建立流域联防联控机制、大气环境预警响应机制,改善合川区城乡环境质量,成就生态宜居之城。     

农业源污染防控的管理机制创新

总结了"十二五"时期农业源减排工作特点及工作成效,分析了现阶段机制体系存在的问题,并以问题为导向,建立一套适应新时期农业源污染减排工作的机制体系。该机制体系以"创新"为核心动力,借助反馈控制、过程控制、前馈控制等手段,促进农业源污染防控工作的不断深入,以实现"十三五"新时期"污染减排与环境质量改善"的双效目标。     

简析节能低碳与绿色发展——以永锦能源节能减排措施为例

面对当前经济下行局面,永锦能源高度重视节能减排工作,认真落实"循环低碳、绿色和谐"发展理念,建立健全长效工作机制,树立节能增增效意识,坚持以"项目节能、清洁生产,提高资源回收率"为核心,实施重点攻关、项目带动、创新驱动举措,强化动态控制、指标控制,点线面全面推进,多策并举,实现煤炭企业可持续健康发展。     

内蒙古自治区地震群测群防工作现状调查与对策研究

地震群测群防工作是我国防震减灾工作的一大特色,是群众参与防震减灾工作的重要途径。经过50年的发展,形成了以"三网一员"为主体的群测群防工作新格局。通过问卷调查和访谈等研究方法对内蒙古自治区地震群测群防"三网一员"工作现状进行调查,查找了存在的6类问题,分析了问题根源,并从厘清两类关系、提高重要性认识,坚持属地为主、分级管理体制,落实各负其责、密切配合的工作机制,坚持因地制宜、稳步推进的工作原则四个方面提出相应对策,力求构建一套适合本地区的"三网一员"管理模式,为我区建立群测群防体系运行长效机制提供建议,也为全国群测群防工作提供技术参考。     

石油勘探企业双重预防机制建设研究与实践

阐述了石油勘探企业贯彻落实"风险分级管控和隐患排查治理"双重预防机制的重要性和必要性,从双管齐下的工作机制,"关口前移"的工作要求,"关键环节"的工作落地等方面就深化落实双重预防机制提出了具体管控措施,为石油勘探企业构建安全生产长效机制,实现安全可持续发展、高质量发展提供有力借鉴。     

山东:创新实施“超标即应急”工作机制

近年来,山东省环保系统紧紧围绕"改善环境质量、确保环境安全、服务科学发展"三条主线,突出抓好预防、预警、应急三大环节,严格落实风险评估、隐患排查、事故预警和应急处置四项机制,创新实施了"超标即应急"工作机制和"快速溯源法"工作程序,扎实推进环境安全防控体系建设,有效保障了全省环境安全.     

"九五"学校教育发展管窥--截止2000年底数字统计分析

一、学校"九五"期间教育发展的统计数据 "九五"期间,学校以发展为主题,抓住机遇,加快教育改革和发展,教育工作取得历史性成就.其标志如下:     

关于我国环境保护国际合作人才队伍建设探析

当前我国环境保护国际合作人才队伍建设工作已经取得初步进展,但随着国际国内形势的深刻变化,我国环保国际合作人才队伍的发展仍然存在人才储备不足、国内外人才交流机制不畅、人才选拔培养机制单一等问题。为适应新时期环保国际合作工作需求,需要营造良好的人才发展环境,完善环保国际合作人才培养机制,努力推动环保国际合作人才的"引进来"与"走出去"。     

勇担社会责任,弘扬科学精神促进环境试验专业又好又快发展

"环境试验与观测"专业2007年工作布置会暨专家组成立会议,是环境试验与观测专业的一次盛会.这次会议,一是专业主管全面总结2006年度的工作,部署2007年度的工作;二是第一次成立了环境试验与观测专业的专家组;三是科工委、各军工集团公司、研究机构和委属高校的领导和专家齐聚一堂,共谋专业发展大计.充分体现了科技与质量司以科学发展观和"四个"坚持为指导,深入贯彻落实国防科技工作会议精神,促进环境试验与观测专业又好又快发展的明晰思路.     

Autopoiesis: a review and a reappraisal

The aim of the paper is to review critically the notion of autopoiesis as presented by Maturana and Varela. In particular, recognizing that there are difficulties in obtaining a complete and clear picture from the primary literature, an effort is made to present a coherent view--also based on many years of personal contact with Francisco Varela. The paper begins with a few historical notes to highlight the cultural background from which the notion of autopoiesis arose. The basic principles of autopoiesis as a theory of cellular life are then described, emphasizing also what autopoiesis is not: not an abstract theory, not a concept of artificial life, not a theory about the origin of life--but rather a pragmatic blueprint of life based on cellular life. It shown how this view leads to a conceptually clear definition of minimal life and to a logical link with related notions, such as self-organization, emergence, biological autonomy, auto-referentiality, and interactions with the environment. The perturbations brought about by the environment are seen as changes selected and triggered by the inner organization of the living. These selective coupling interactions impart meaning to the minimal life and are thus defined by Maturana and Varela with the arguable term of "cognition". This particular view on the mutual interactions between living organism and environment leads these authors to the notion of "enaction", and to the surprising view that autopoiesis and cognition are two complementary, and in a way equivalent, aspects of life. It is then shown how cognition, so defined, permits us to build a bridge between biology and cognitive science. Autopoiesis also allows one to conceive chemical models of minimal cellular life that can be implemented experimentally. The corresponding work on "chemical autopoiesis" is then reviewed. The surprising impact of autopoiesis in the social sciences ("social autopoiesis") is also briefly discussed. This review also comments on why the theory of autopoiesis had, and still has, a difficult time being accepted into the mainstream of life-science research. Finally, it is pointed out that the new interest in system biology and complexity theories may lead to a reappraisal of autopoiesis and related notions, as outlined also by other authors, such as Tibor Ganti and Stuart Kauffmann.     

Self-Injection of a Dipteran Parasitoid into a Spider

 A host invasion strategy hitherto unknown from other insect parasitoids was observed in the dipteran Acrocera orbicula (Fabricius) (Diptera: Acroceridae) parasitizing the wolf spider, Pardosa prativaga (L. Koch) (Araneida: Lycosidae). In laboratory experiments the free-living first instar acrocerid larvae attached themselves firmly to the spiders' integument by the mouthparts, cutting a tiny hole through the integument. No first instar larvae invaded the host. A week later the parasitoids molted, and a small, flexible, and glabrous second instar larva left each of the attached first instar exuviae and invaded the host through the attachment hole of the first instar larva. The novel host invasion pattern observed may reduce physical damage to the host in the initial phase of endoparasitism, enhancing parasitoid survival. Received: 14 April 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 2 July 1999     

公众环境意识与可持续发展关系初探

目前,国内存在的各种环境问题,归根到底是由于发展战略的不同所致,人们开始重新去认识和评价传统发展战略的局限性,标志着人类文明即将步入一个被称之"环境文明"新的历史时代.历史文化传统和经济发展水平决定公众环境意识,公众的环境意识直接影响可持续发展战略的实施,如何增强,提出决策和建议,通过大力开展环境宣传教育,提高公众环境意识,可持续发展,实现可持续发展的战略.     

Attributes of a hopper-predator community in a rice field

A hopper-predator community in an experimental rice field was observed weekly with regard to information content (H′), formation of a geometric series or the grade of orderly distribution of component taxa (R²), and clumping index (I). These community attributes changed with time in close association with one another, and attained the highest values around the heading time of the rice. Significant correlations were found between the density of prey and that of predators when a certain time-lag was assumed for the increase of predators.     

建设宁静家园 营造和谐环境——厦门市思明区创建“安静居住小区”的做法和体会

创建安静居住小区,是以营造安静和谐的宜居生活环境为目标,通过强化噪声监管、开展宣传教育等方式,改善城区声环境质量,提高居民环保意识,提高城市文明水平的一种有效方式.2009年以来,厦门市思明全区开展创建“安静居住小区”工作.目前,25个创建小区中共有24个通过验收达标.“安静居住小区”创建以来,小区居民对居住环境质量的满意率达到97％,小区噪声污染得到有效治理,居民的环保意识得到极大提高.     

When a year takes 18 months: evidence for a strong circannual clock in a shorebird

During the last three of 20 years kept as a pet, a red knot (Calidris canutus) went through two complete 'circannual' cycles of body mass and plumage. With a record cycle length of 18 months, this individual shorebird provides evidence for an exceptionally strong circannual clock system. The absence of synchronisation to outdoor but visible periodic cues suggests that the constant, socially-induced, day-night environment was of overriding importance. So far, only for songbirds is there firm experimental evidence that annual cycles are orchestrated by an endogenous circannual clock system. In constant environments the circannual cycles of these passerines tend to have periods that are shorter, rather than longer, than a year.     

Performance of a novel vertical-flow settler: a comparative study

By increasing particle concentration and G value （root-mean-square velocity gradient） to enhance flocculation, a novel vertical-flow settler was designed to increase sedimentation effectiveness, and to simultaneously improve operational stabilization. Due to the gradual decrease in upward flow-rate of raw water, a floes blanket would form and suspend in the middle section of the settler, not at the bottom as in a conventional clarifier. Enough large floes, resulted from flocculation or fltration, would continuously settle out of the floes blanket, and simultaneously, the floes in raw water or those forming above the blanket would ceaselessly enter the floes blanket. As a result, the floes concentration in the blanket could keep a dynamic balance. The hydrodynamic shear in the blanket was improved by flow separation, which was induced by the abrupt change in flow channel. Due to the floes blanket and improved hydrodynamic shear, flocculation would be enhanced, which was helpful for removing fine particles in raw water. A comparative study showed that the novel vertical-flow settler had a much better performance in the removal of the particles in raw water than a conventional one, when they treated kaolin suspensions of different concentrations （500, 100 and 50 mg/L, respectively） coagulated by polyaluminum chloride（PAC1） at the up-flow rates of 1 and 2 mm/s, respectively.