硫铁矿烧渣和劣质铁尾矿制备聚硅酸铁铝混凝剂

研究了以硫铁矿烧渣和劣质铁尾矿为原料联合制备高效混凝剂聚硅酸铁铝(PSAF)的方法，确定了合理的生产工艺和操作条件。用该混凝剂处理工业废水，并与聚合硫酸铁(PFS)的处理效果比较，结果表明，出水COD和色度去除率分别提高约25％和28％，SS去除率提高约10％。     

用氧化铝厂赤泥制备高效混凝剂聚硅酸铁铝

研究了以氧化铝厂赤泥为原料，在常压通氧条件下，用稀硫酸浸取制备高效混凝剂聚硅酸铁铝（PSAF）的方法，确定了合理的生产工艺和操作条件。该混凝剂用于处理工业废水，并与聚合硫酸铁（PFS）的处理效果比较，CODCr和色度去除率分别提高约20%和28%，SS去除率提高约10%，同时，探讨了该混凝剂处理废水的反应机理。     

用氧化铝厂赤泥制备高效混凝剂聚硅酸铁铝

研究了以氧化铝厂赤泥为原料,在常压通氧条件下,用稀硫酸浸取制备高效混凝剂聚硅酸铁铝（PSAF）的方法,确定了合理的生产工艺和操作条件。该混凝剂用于处理工业废水,并与聚合硫酸铁（PFS）的处理效果比较,CODCr和色度去除率分别提高约20％和28％,SS去除率提高约10％,同时,探讨了该混凝剂处理废水的反应机理。     

新型鼓风炉铁泥基混凝剂的制备及应用研究

研究在鼓风炉铁泥中加入适量的粉煤灰和助溶剂HS,在90℃温度下搅拌浸取2.5h后,制得集物理吸附和化学混凝为一体的混凝剂.这种混凝剂与PSA絮凝剂配合用于制革和纺织印染废水的处理,与传统混凝剂相比,COD和色度的去除率均提高30%左右.其显著特点是混凝沉降速度快,污泥体积小,处理废水费用低,并结合显微照片探讨了混凝剂对废水的混凝沉降机理.     

新型鼓风炉铁泥基混凝剂的制备及应用研究

研究在鼓风炉铁泥中加入适量的粉煤灰和助溶剂HS,在90℃温度下搅拌浸取2．5h后,制得集物理吸附和化学混凝为一体的混凝剂。这种混凝剂与PSA絮凝剂配合用于制革和纺织印染废水的处理,与传统混凝剂相比,COD和色度的去除率均提高30％左右。其显著特点是混凝沉降速度快,污泥体积小,处理废水费用低,并结合显微照片探讨了混凝剂对废水的混凝沉降机理。     

响应曲面法优化聚硅酸铁混凝剂处理腈纶废水

为了提高聚硅酸铁(PSF)混凝剂处理腈纶废水处理效果,采用响应曲面法对实验反应条件进行优化。实验选取原水pH值、混凝剂投加量、沉降时间为自变量,COD去除率和浊度去除率为响应值,采用Box-Behnken实验设计方法,分别建立了二次多项式响应曲面模型。方差分析结果表明,该模型方程显著,模型与实际情况拟合良好,实验误差较小,可以用此模型来分析和预测聚硅酸铁混凝剂处理腈纶生化出水的最佳反应条件。模型优化结果显示,在pH值为7.44,投加量为1.74 g·L~(-1),沉降时间为17.26 min的条件下,响应曲面模型预测最大COD去除率为57.88%,浊度去除率为95%。     

用聚硅酸铁铝对垃圾渗沥液进行预处理的研究

采用一种新型高效的无机高分子混凝剂——聚硅酸铁铝(PSAF)用于垃圾渗沥液亚滤装置的预处理。结果表明，在PSAF的投加量为150mg/L，pH为5．0和沉降时间为60min的条件下，混凝效果最佳，浊度去除率可达92％左右，色废去除率可达91％左右，CODcr去除率可达70％左右。同时探讨了该混凝剂处理垃圾渗沥液的反应机理。     

氯化铁混凝剂中亚铁含量对混凝效果的影响

以城市污水处理厂原水为实验水样,研究了液体FeCl3混凝剂中亚铁含量对其混凝效果的影响。结果表明,液体FeCl3混凝剂中亚铁的含量与其对污水中总磷和COD的去除效果呈非线性相关性,当FeCl3中亚铁含量为25%时,16.0 mg/L的投加量即可使上清液COD降至195 mg/L,去除率达56.7%,总磷降至1.7 mg/L,去除率达70.7%;当FeCl3中亚铁含量继续降低至0.4%时,COD、总磷的去除率仅提高1.1%和1.3%。因此从性价比来讲,FeCl3混凝剂用于污水厂原水混凝时,可适当放宽产品质量标准中亚铁含量限值的规定,有利于降低氯化铁混凝剂的生产成本。     

聚合氯化铝铁的形态分布对微污染源水混凝效果的影响

针对微污染源水中浊度、叶绿素a等的强化去除问题,研究了碱化度、铝铁比和加碱方式等对聚合氯化铝铁形态分布的影响,并考察了形态分布与混凝除污效率和混凝沉淀出水中残铝浓度的关系.结果表明:在铁摩尔分数一定时,混凝剂中单体、中等聚合物和无定形凝胶含量与碱化度存在线性相关性,并推导出中等聚合物含量的计算公式;在碱化度一定时,混凝剂中单体、中等聚合物和无定形凝胶含量与铁摩尔分数也存在线性相关性;增加碱化度或降低铁摩尔分数,可以增加中等聚合物含量、降低单体含量,从而影响混凝除污效率和混凝沉淀后出水中残铝浓度.混凝实验结果表明,混凝过程中叶绿素a去除率和浊度去除率均与混凝剂中中等聚合物含量存在线性相关性,但两者相关系数不同.混凝沉淀后出水中残铝浓度与混凝剂中单体含量存在线性相关性.因此,预聚合的无机高分子混凝剂对提高混凝过程中的除浊、除藻效率,降低混凝沉淀后出水中残铝浓度具有重要的意义.     

聚丙烯酰胺-谷胱甘肽-聚合硫酸铝铁去除Mn(Ⅱ)和溶解性有机物的研究

为有效去除水体中Mn(Ⅱ)和溶解性有机物(DOM),以聚合硫酸铝铁(PAFS)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)-谷胱甘肽(GSH)为原料,成功合成复合混凝剂PAM-GSH-PAFS,对产物结构和组成进行了表征,并对其混凝性能进行了研究。结果表明:PAFS与PAM-GSH发生了化学反应;PAM-GSH-PAFS具有复杂紧密的孔隙结构,有助于产生吸附架桥和网捕卷扫作用,表现出优异的混凝性能。当Mn(Ⅱ)与溶解性有机碳(DOC)均为10.0mg/L,pH为7.0,PAM-GSH-PAFS投加量为5.76mg/L时,Mn(Ⅱ)与DOC去除率分别达到63.5%、82.4%。     

超声强化混凝去除蓝藻实验研究

研究了超声波对藻类的混凝去除强化,证明超声波可以快速、高效地提高藻类混凝去除效率,减少混凝剂用量.在混凝剂投加量为0.8 mg/L时,5 s超声处理,藻类去除效果比对照样好30%.同样,藻类去除率都为92%时,5 s超声预处理可以将混凝剂投加量降低至1/3.超声预处理时间对强化混凝效果有很大的影响,在实验条件下,1～5 s的超声处理均可产生满意的结果,1 s为最优、最经济时间,而预处理超过30 s反而降低混凝效果.低频下不同处理频率对超声强化混凝效果影响不大,在80 kHz的频率下,最佳功率为50 W.最佳pH值在8～9范围内.     

Removal potential of anti-estrogenic activity in secondary effluents by coagulation

Anti-estrogenic activity in wastewater is gaining increased attention because of its endocrine-disrupting function. In this study, the level and removal efficiency by coagulation of anti-estrogenic activity in secondary effluents of domestic wastewater treatment plants were studied. Anti-estrogenic activity was detected in secondary effluent samples at a tamoxifen (TAM) equivalent concentration level of 0.38–0.94 mg-TAM L⁻¹. Dissolved organic matters (DOM) with the molecular weight (MW) less than 3000 Da in hydrophobic acids (HOA) and hydrophobic neutrals (HON) fractions of the secondary effluent were the key fractions related to anti-estrogenic activity. Coagulation with FeCl₃ and polyaluminium chloride (PAC) can remove the anti-estrogenic activity of the secondary effluents, but the removal efficiency was limited. The removal efficiency using FeCl₃ coagulant was higher than that induced by PAC. Dissolved organic carbon was continuously removed with increased coagulant dose (0–120 mg L⁻¹ FeCl₃ or 0–60 mg L⁻¹ PAC). However, the removal of anti-estrogenic activity was not enhanced further when the coagulant concentration was beyond a critical value (30 mg L⁻¹ FeCl₃ or 10 mg L⁻¹ PAC). The highest removal of anti-estrogenic activity was about 36% by FeCl₃ and 20% by PAC. Size exclusion chromatography results indicated difficulty in removing DOM with MW less than 3000 Da in the secondary effluent during coagulation even at a high coagulant concentration, which led to low removal efficiency of anti-estrogenic activity.     

Removal of pesticides from surface waters by combined physicochemical processes. Part I: Dodine

The simultaneous action of powdered activated carbon and several coagulant agents on the removal of the fungicide dodine from spiked distilled water, was studied. As coagulants, ferric chloride (FeCl₃) and basic polyaluminium chlorosulfate ([Al(OH)_xCl_y(SO₄)_z]_n) were examined, using polyacrylamide, in certain cases, as coagulant aid (polyelectrolyte). The efficiency of dodine removal was investigated with respect to the added amount of powdered activated carbon (PAC), the pH value, as well as the type and dose of coagulant and polyelectrolyte. The experiments were performed applying the standard jar-test procedure. The initial concentration of dodine was 250 μg/L. At this concentration and pH range 5–8 it was found that a dose of 100 mg/L PAC was necessary to achieve more than 98% removal of dodine, whereas lower removal (91–93%) was obtained applying half the dose of PAC under the same conditions. However, when 10–100 mg/L FeCl₃ were simultaneously added with PAC, the removal efficiency increased to >98%, even with the half PAC dose.     

Effect of copper(II) on natural organic matter removal during drinking water coagulation using aluminum-based coagulants.

Coagulation has been proposed as a best available technology for controlling natural organic matter (NOM) during drinking water treatment. The presence of heavy metals such as copper(II) in source water, which may form copper-NOM complexes and/or interact with a coagulant, may pose a potential challenge on the coagulation of NOM. In this work, the effect of copper(II) on NOM removal by coagulation using alum or PAX-18 (a commercial polymerized aluminum chloride from Kemiron Inc., Bartow, Florida) was examined. The results show that the presence of 1 to 10 mg/L of copper(H) in the simulated waters improved the total organic carbon (TOC) removal by up to 25% for alum coagulation and by up to 22% for PAX-18 coagulation. The increased NOM removal with the presence of copper(II) in the waters can most likely be ascribed to the formation copper-NOM complexes that may be more adsorbable on aluminum precipitates and to the formation of copper(II) co-precipitates that may also adsorb NOM. The presence of 1 to 5 mg/L of copper(I) in the waters containing 3 mg/L NOM as carbon was reduced below the maximum contaminant level goal (1.3 mg/L as copper) using either coagulant. The results suggest that the presence of copper(H) in source water may not adversely affect the NOM removal by coagulation. A good linear correlation was observed between the TOC removal efficiency and the log-total moles of the precipitated metals, which include the metal ion from a coagulant and the divalent metal ion(s) in source water.     

Coagulant recovery from water treatment plant sludge and reuse in post-treatment of UASB reactor effluent treating municipal wastewater

In the present study, feasibility of recovering the coagulant from water treatment plant sludge with sulphuric acid and reusing it in post-treatment of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor effluent treating municipal wastewater were studied. The optimum conditions for coagulant recovery from water treatment plant sludge were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Sludge obtained from plants that use polyaluminium chloride (PACl) and alum coagulant was utilised for the study. Effect of three variables, pH, solid content and mixing time was studied using a Box–Behnken statistical experimental design. RSM model was developed based on the experimental aluminium recovery, and the response plots were developed. Results of the study showed significant effects of all the three variables and their interactions in the recovery process. The optimum aluminium recovery of 73.26 and 62.73 % from PACl sludge and alum sludge, respectively, was obtained at pH of 2.0, solid content of 0.5 % and mixing time of 30 min. The recovered coagulant solution had elevated concentrations of certain metals and chemical oxygen demand (COD) which raised concern about its reuse potential in water treatment. Hence, the coagulant recovered from PACl sludge was reused as coagulant for post-treatment of UASB reactor effluent treating municipal wastewater. The recovered coagulant gave 71 % COD, 80 % turbidity, 89 % phosphate, 77 % suspended solids and 99.5 % total coliform removal at 25 mg Al/L. Fresh PACl also gave similar performance but at higher dose of 40 mg Al/L. The results suggest that coagulant can be recovered from water treatment plant sludge and can be used to treat UASB reactor effluent treating municipal wastewater which can reduce the consumption of fresh coagulant in wastewater treatment.     

预氧化-混凝沉淀法处理制浆造纸废水的研究

采用预氧化 混凝沉淀法处理制浆造纸废水。研究了以氯化铁、聚丙烯酰胺为混凝剂 ,氢氧化钙为助凝剂的混凝沉淀法和KMnO4预氧化的最佳实验条件。实验结果表明 ,预氧化 混凝沉淀法对造纸废水的处理有较好的效果 ,其CODCr的去除率达 93.4 2 % ,比混凝沉淀法提高了 2 6 .8%。     

陶瓷印花废水处理的混凝剂及工艺条件

采用混凝剂聚合氯化铝（PAC）、聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）、聚合硫酸铁（PFS）对陶瓷印花废水进行混凝沉降处理，监测水样的吸光度、浊度、悬浮物，以脱色率、浊度去除率、悬浮物去除率评价混凝处理的效果。结果表明：PAC是陶瓷印花废水沉降处理的理想混凝剂；水样的吸光度、浊度、悬浮物随混凝剂用量增大和沉降时间延长而呈降低趋势，而脱色率、浊度去除率、悬浮物去除率随混凝剂和沉降时间的增大呈增大的趋势；PAC投加量为20mg／L，沉降时间约为24h，水样脱色率达到90．0％，而当PAC投加量达到100mg／L，沉降时间约为4h，陶瓷印花水的脱色率可达到96．0％。证明了药剂用量的增加与沉降时间的延长对混凝过程具有增效作用。     

可吸附有机卤化物的深度处理实验研究

可吸附有机卤化物（AOX）是人为污染的重要标志之一,北京高碑店污水处理厂二级出水中约90％的AOX为可吸附有机氧化物（AOCl),研究了自氧氧化,粒状活性炭吸附,粉末活性炭吸附3种深度处理工艺对二级出水中AOX的去除作用,臭氧的氧化反应最多可去除约38％的AOX,粒状活性炭床可运行3200床体积,吸附容量为0.14mgAOX/g GH-16型活性炭,投加木质粉末活性炭200mg/L及25mg/L的聚合氯化铝,能去除24．7％的AOX。