耐酸厌氧消化污泥处理餐厨垃圾

采用耐酸驯化的厌氧消化污泥处理餐厨垃圾，在酸性条件下（pH=4．5），对实验装置容积负荷从1．0kgVS／（m3·d）分9次逐级增加到5．0kgVS／（m3·d）的过程进行了跟踪监测，并较深入地研究了驯化污泥代谢活性和处理效果。实验结果表明，pH4．5的耐酸厌氧消化污泥，最佳投加负荷约为4．5kgVS／（m3·d），此负荷下容积产气率，CH4含量平均值均达最大，分别为1．68m3／（m3·d），75．0％。耐酸厌氧消化装置持续增料运行46d，产甲烷菌仍能保持较高的活性，其COD去除率范围为40．4％-75．0％，仍能保持pH7．2时处理效果的65．0％-91．8％，表明在低pH、低碱度下实现稳定的产甲烷过程是可行的。     

厌氧氨氧化菌接种污泥的选择培养过程研究

厌氧氨氧化菌的2种不同接种污泥培养实验表明,厌氧消化污泥和好氧硝化污泥均可成功启动厌氧氨氧化过程.接种厌氧消化污泥比好氧硝化污泥培养的厌氧氨氧化菌启动快,但后者去除效果较好.接种好氧硝化污泥的反应器的厌氧氨氧化速率随着氨氮基质进水浓度的增加呈线性增加.进水氨氮浓度为280 mg/L时的氨氮平均去除率达91%;而接种厌氧消化污泥的相应氨氮平均去除率仅为52%.厌氧氨氧化过程以接种好氧硝化污泥来启动为宜.     

厌氧—好氧处理汰头废水

研究了厌氧－好氧生物工艺处理汰头废水的效果。在常温条件下，厌氧反应器在进水ＰＨ值为６．４左右，平均ＣＯＤ浓度２４００ｍｇ／ｌ，处理水量为８８ｍ＾３／ｄ，水力滞留时间为２．３ｄ条件下，ＣＯＤ去除率为７８％，出水ＰＨ７．１。兼氧－好氧反应器在处理水量２００ｍ＾３／ｄ，进水ＰＨ７．７，水力停留时间１０－１２ｈ，进水ＣＯＤ浓度６４５ｍｇ／ｌ情况下，出水ＣＯＤ浓度为９５ｍｇ／ｌ，ＣＯＤ去除率达８５％，可达标     

好氧硝化颗粒污泥的培养及其性能

为考察不同接种污泥培养好氧硝化颗粒污泥的可行性,分别采用絮状活性污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥作为接种污泥,在气升内循环序批式反应器(SBAR)中进行好氧硝化颗粒污泥的培养,探讨不同性质的种泥对好氧硝化颗粒污泥的培养及其性能影响.结果表明,以絮状活性污泥、厌氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥均可培养出好氧硝化颗粒污泥,其颗粒成熟时间分别为62和80 d,SVI为25.52和27.68 mL/g,氨氮去除率为93.15％和75.43％,COD去除率在90％以上,SOUR、Zeta和EPS显著提高,微生物活性及疏水性能增强,以絮状活性污泥培养的好氧硝化颗粒污泥性能更优.     

EGSB反应器处理产氢发酵液

以厌氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥，对厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床（EGSB）反应器处理产氢发酵液的启动性能进行了研究。结果表明，在温度为（35±1）℃，水力停留时间（HRT）为6h的条件下，逐渐提高进水COD，经过40d连续运行，EGSB反应器启动成功。容积负荷达到14kgCOD／（m3·d）时，COD去除率约为80％，产气量为26．84L／d，甲烷含量为57．9％。     

厌氧-吹脱-好氧-吸附法处理酱油废水

针对酱油废水的高CODCr、高色度、高挥发酸以及含盐的特点，设计了用厌氧-吹脱-好氧-吸附法处理酱油废水的工艺。实验结果表明，该工艺对酱油废水的处理有较好的处理效果。当厌氧进水的CODCr分别为6000～8000和1500～2000mg／L，色度分别为5000和1800倍左右时，厌氧反应的水力停留时间(HRT)分别为3～4和2d，吹脱池的停留时间为16h，气水比为0．01m^3／L，好氧反应器和煤渣吸附池的停留时间分别为14～18和14～16h时，该流程对废水CODCr的总平均去除率分别达到90％和82．7％左右，对色度的总平均去除率分别为76．7％和86．5％。     

EGSB反应器处理丙烯酸废水的试验研究

采用厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床（EGSB）进行丙烯酸废水的处理，考察了自制的EGSB反应器菌种驯化和容积负荷提高两阶段的一些运行参数，并对试验过程中出现的问题进行了探讨。为期96 d的试验表明，当进水COD在3 000 mg/L左右时，去除率可达90%以上；当进水COD在5 000 mg/L左右时，去除率可达85%以上，COD容积负荷可达到10 kg/m3·d以上，且出水可满足后续好氧工段处理的要求。     

水解——好氧——混凝沉淀工艺处理涤纶厂聚酯废水

报道了用上流式厌氧污泥床和生物接触氧化池对涤纶厂聚酯废水所进行的中试。当上流式厌氧污泥床进水ＣＯＤｃｒ浓度为１２００ｍｇ／Ｌ，经水解－好氧工艺处理后，好氧池出水的ＣＯＤｃｒ浓度为１６９．１ｍｇ／Ｌ，进一步混凝沉淀处理后，出水ＣＯＤｃｒ达８０ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

接种不同污泥源条件下厌氧氨氧化菌的特性

2组ASBR接种污泥源分别为好氧硝化污泥、好氧硝化污泥和厌氧氨氧化污泥按2：1比例}昆合的混合污泥。在相同条件下，经过驯化培养均实现了厌氧氨氧化的稳定运行。接种好氧硝化污泥的反应器的适应期为29d，经过105d的培养反应器成功启动；接种混合污泥的反应器的适应期为13d，经过49d反应器启动成功。从2组ASBR污泥中提取细菌总DNA，经过厌氧氨氧化菌特异引物Pla46rc／Amx820对污泥样品进行PCR扩增、克隆和测序等分析。实验结果表明，接种不同污泥源条件下的反应器中厌氧氨氧化菌的特性存在差异，接种污泥源为好氧硝化污泥的反应器中存在的厌氧氨氧化菌种为CandidatusKuenenia，而接种混合污泥的反应器中存在的厌氧氨氧化菌种为CandidatusAnammox—oglobus，与最初接种的混合污泥中的厌氧氨氧化菌相同。当接种污泥中存在厌氧氨氧化菌时，该菌株经过长时间的驯化可成为优势菌种，而当接种污泥中无厌氧氨氧化菌存在时，CandidatusKueneniasp．可以在反应器中占主导，具有更强的竞争优势。     

ICSTD反应器处理污泥的启动试验研究

新型内循环污泥浓缩消化反应器（ICSTD）处理污泥的启动运行试验采用某污水处理厂二沉池好氧活性污泥进行驯化培养，使反应器正常启动运行。在日处理量为50 L/d，进泥含水率为99.23％～99.46％，进泥VS/TS为0.65～0.73，进泥COD为4 115～5 780 mg/L，反应器容积负荷为1.31 kg COD/(m³·d)时，排泥含水率在96.2％～97.3％，排泥VS/TS为0.48～0.57，COD去除率在95％以上，出水pH在6.6～7.1，且上清液澄清。试验结果表明： ICSTD反应器处理污泥的启动试验，采用直接培养污泥启动的方式培养厌氧污泥历时66 d，能较快地培养厌氧污泥且运行稳定，对污泥的浓缩消化起到较好的作用，同时对反应器后续运行的消化效果提供了一个良好的条件。     

苯酚的厌氧生物处理

采用不断增加苯酚浓度而降低葡萄糖浓度的方法可驯化厌氧污泥中的微生物，使厌氧污泥最终以苯酚为唯一碳源生长，可显著提高厌氧污泥降解苯酚的能力；对苯酚间歇厌氧降解过程进行了分析。苯酚浓度在0～1.680 mg/L范围内，其厌氧降解过程符合一级动力学。Aiba模型、Haldane模型和Teisser 模型均可很好地描述处于对数期时厌氧污泥的比生长速率与初始底物浓度之间的关系，其中以Teisser 模型模拟的效果最好。将驯化污泥接种于UASB中可实现对含酚废水处理的连续运行，最大的有机负荷达2 g COD/（L·d），稳定运行时苯酚的去除率可维持在96%以上。     

IC厌氧反应器处理有机废水启动实验研究

设计了一套IC反应器装置,接种啤酒厂生产废水消化污泥,采用人工配水对其进行启动运行,考察了IC反应器的启动运行状况、效果及影响因素,并在反应器运行结束后观察了污泥状态的变化.结果表明,容积负荷提高至4.7 kg/(m3·d),出水COD浓度稳定在250 mg/L左右,去除率维持在85%以上,反应器内出现污泥分层现象,颗...     

An integrated anaerobic/aerobic bioprocess for the remediation of chlorinated phenol-contaminated soil and groundwater.

An investigation of biodegradation of chlorinated phenol in an anaerobic/aerobic bioprocess environment was made. The reactor configuration used consisted of linked anaerobic and aerobic reactors, which served as a model for a proposed bioremediation strategy. The proposed strategy was studied in two reactors before linkage. In the anaerobic compartment, the transformation of the model contaminant, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), to lesser-chlorinated metabolites was shown to occur during reductive dechlorination under sulfate-reducing conditions. The consortium was also shown to desorb and mobilize 2,4,6-TCP in soils. This was followed, in the aerobic compartment, by biodegradation of the pollutant and metabolites, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, and phenol, by immobilized white-rot fungi. The integrated process achieved elimination of the compound by more than 99% through fungal degradation of metabolites produced in the dechlorination stage. pH correction to the anaerobic reactor was found to be necessary because acidic effluent from the fungal reactor inhibited sulfate reduction and dechlorination.     

外循环式UASB反应器处理槟榔废水

在中温（35±2℃）条件下,利用外循环式UASB反应器处理中高有机浓度的槟榔加工废水,并着重探讨了水力停留时间（HRT）对厌氧消化的影响。研究表明,当反应器稳定运行,水力停留时间为1 d,进水COD浓度5 000 mg/L左右,容积负荷在2.53-5.25 kg COD/（m3·d）时,COD去除率在38%以上,出水COD〈3 000 mg/L,平均产气率为0.41 m3/kg COD;若水力停留时间延长至4 d,容积负荷为1.26-1.30 kg COD/（m3·d）,COD去除率可以达到79%,出水COD〈1 200 mg/L,出水可生化性下降,BOD5/COD平均为0.28,实验取得了良好的处理效果,为利用厌氧技术处理槟榔加工废水提供了设计依据。     

Removal of organic compounds during treating printing and dyeing wastewater of different process units

Wastewater in Shaoxing wastewater treatment plant (SWWTP) is composed of more than 90% dyeing and printing wastewater with high pH and sulfate. Through a combination process of anaerobic acidogenic [hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 15h], aerobic (HRT of 20h) and flocculation-precipitation, the total COD removal efficiency was up to 91%. But COD removal efficiency in anaerobic acidogenic unit was only 4%. As a comparison, the COD removal efficiency was up to 35% in the pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor (HRT of 15h). GC-MS analysis showed that the response abundance of these wastewater samples decreased with their removal of COD. A main component of the raw influent was long-chain n-alkanes. The final effluent of SWWTP had only four types of alkanes. After anaerobic unit at SWWTP, the mass percentage of total alkanes to total organic compounds was slightly decreased while its categories increased. But in the UASB, alkanes categories could be removed by 75%. Caffeine as a chemical marker could be detected only in the effluent of the aerobic process. Quantitative analysis was given. These results demonstrated that GC-MS analysis could provide an insight to the measurement of organic compounds removal.     

厌氧-好氧接触氧化处理汽车脱脂废水研究

采用厌氧UASB-好氧接触氧化工艺对汽车脱脂废水进行连续处理实验研究。结果表明,在脱脂废水进水COD浓度为6 000 mg/L,厌氧水力停留时间为3.4 d,好氧水力停留时间为2.5 d条件下,COD总去除率平均为93%,厌氧段平均值为38%。厌氧段可以提高出水的可生化性,厌氧-好氧接触氧化工艺效果要明显优于好氧工艺。     

Microbial kinetic analysis of three different types of EBNR process

The disadvantages of developed biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes (additional energy for liquid circulation and addition of external carbon substrate for denitrification in anoxic zones) were improved by reconfiguring the process into (1) an anaerobic zone followed by multiple stages of aerobic-anoxic zones (TNCU3 process) or (2) anaerobic, oxic, anoxic, oxic zones in sequence (TNCU2 process). These two pilot plants were operated at a recycling sludge ratio of 0.5 without internal recycle of nitrified supernatant. The sludge retention time was maintained at 10 d. The main objective of this study is to analyze the kinetics of different microorganisms in these two processes and A2O process by using the Activated Sludge Model No. 2d. The effective removal efficiency of carbon, total phosphorus and total nitrogen at 87-98%, 92-100% and 63-80%, respectively, were achieved in the testing runs. According to model simulations, the microbial kinetics in the TNCU3 and TNCU2 processes would be affected by different operations. When the step feeding strategy was adopted, the HRT was longer due to the less influent flowrate in the front stages and the microbes would grow in quantities by about 6% in the aerobic reactors. In the followed anoxic reactors, the microbes would decrease in quantities by about 12% due to the dilution effect. The dilution effects in TNCU3 and TNCU2 processes did not take place in A2O process because the recycling mixed liquid from the aerobic reactor to the anoxic reactor still contained particulate components. The XH, XPAO, and XAUT concentrations in the effluent of the last tank were lower when the step-feeding mode was adopted. The TNCU3 and TNCU2 processes could be operated efficiently without nitrified liquid circulation and addition of external carbon substrate for denitrification.     

Biological treatment of dye wastewaters using an anaerobic-oxic system

Three dye solutions, namely, C.I. Acid Yellow 17, C.I. Basic Blue 3, and C.I. Basic Red 2, were treated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by a semi-continuous aerobic activated sludge tank. When hydraulic retention time was about 12 hours, no significant color removal was observed in the aerobic stage. In the anaerobic stage, Acid Yellow 17, Basic Blue 3, and Basic Red 2 were removed by 20%, 72%, and 78%, respectively. To treat wastewater from a dye manufacturing factory with COD concentration of 1200 mg/l and Color of 500 degree (dilution factor), an UASB reactor (4.5 liters) and an activated sludge tank (5 liters, adjustable), COD and color were removed by more than 83% and 90% at a COD loading rate of 5.3 kg COD/m³-day in the anaerobic stage, and at the hydraulic retention time of 6-10 hours for the anaerobic stage and 6.5 for the aerobic stage. The anaerobic stage of the A/O system removes both color and COD. In addition, it also improves biodegradability of dyes for further aerobic treatment.     

EGSB反应器处理城市生活垃圾沥滤液

采用膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器对城市生活垃圾焚烧厂产生的垃圾沥滤液进行处理。实验结果表明:中温条件下,当COD浓度为55 000 mg/L左右,有机容积负荷(OLR)为22.8 kg COD/(m3.d)时,EGSB对垃圾沥滤液具有较好的的处理效果,COD去除率可达94.2%。当进水COD为72 000 mg/L左右时,为保证反应器的稳定运行,OLR应降低至18.2 kg COD/(m3.d),此时COD去除率可以达到88%左右,出水COD平均为9 103 mg/L。垃圾沥滤液和EGSB处理出水均以小分子量有机物为主,其中<4 kDa的有机物分别占76.5%和74.4%。EGSB对整个分子量区间的溶解性有机物都有较好的处理效果,其中对大分子有机物的处理效率相对更高。     

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an aerobic reactor with granular sludge originating from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor.

Anaerobic granular sludge, obtained from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor at a brewery waste treatment station, was cultured for 3 months under aeration conditions until the diameter of sludge was in the range 1.8 to 2.6 mm. The aerobic granular sludge gathered acquired the ability of catalyzing simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) and was applied in the study of the process of nitrogen removal in a bioreactor. The ratio between chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium-nitrogen (NH4(+)-N) concentration in the influent was found to be an important factor influencing the process of SND. The final percentage removal of NH4(+)-N reached 100% under the optimal condition of 500 mg/L COD and 0.39 NH4(+)-N/COD. Intermediate products, such as nitrite-nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen, were also analyzed to clarify the SND process with the aerobic granular sludge.