厌氧—好氧反应系统处理含酚废水的研究

利用好氧污泥转厌氧驯化方法在厌氧复合床内接种培养，处理浓度为1000mg／L左右的含酚废水。研究结果表明，在水力停留时间1d，酚容积负荷1．06kg／（m3·d）的条件下，厌氧复合床内培养出颗粒污泥，处理效果明显提高，本酚去除率达98．7％，COD去除率达98．3％。此时后接一个好氧接触氧化柱，最终出水中检不出酚。     

2种组合工艺处理靛蓝废水的中试实验研究

分别采用水解酸化/好氧MBBR/BAF和水解酸化/好氧MBBR/臭氧氧化/BAF 2种组合工艺对实际靛蓝废水进行处理规模为24 m3/d的中试研究。实验结果表明,当进水COD平均初始浓度为2 100 mg/L、平均色度为90倍、系统总水力停留时间为40 h时,前一种组合工艺对COD和色度的去除率分别达93.27%和89.87%;而后一种组合工艺对COD和色度的去除率分别达97.96%和100%,工艺中臭氧氧化单元可使处理后出水中有机物的数量大大降低。表明水解酸化/好氧MBBR/臭氧氧化/BAF组合工艺处理靛蓝废水更为有效,但增加臭氧氧化单元会使每吨废水处理成本增加0.55元。     

水解酸化/好氧生化/Fenton氧化工艺处理制药废水的研究

进行了"水解酸化/好氧生化/Fenton氧化"工艺处理制药废水的试验研究,研究表明,该工艺的处理效果显著.水温为45～55℃时,经过16～20 h的水力停留时间,水解酸化可将废水的B/C比提高至0.30～0.35;好氧生化选用AB法,2～3 h曝气后的A段COD去除率可达到65%以上,7～9 h曝气后的B段COD去除率可达到40%以上;经过5～6 h的Fenton反应后,出水水质指标符合一级排放标准的要求.     

BCO+BAF工艺深度处理洗涤剂废水

采用生物接触氧化(BCO)+曝气生物滤池(BAF)组合工艺深度处理洗涤剂废水,研究了溶解氧浓度(DO)、水力停留时间(HRT)对其处理性能的影响。实验结果表明,随着DO浓度的提高,组合工艺对COD和LAS的去除率都随之增加;水力停留时间的增加有利于对COD与LAS的去除,最佳停留时间选为21.2h为宜;在BCO段DO为3.0 mg/L,HRT为20.0 h,BAF段DO为4.0 mg/L,HRT为1.2 h的运行条件下,COD与LAS的去除率分别为90.5%和94.3%,出水COD和LAS均能达到排放标准。     

天然色素生产废水的生物处理研究

天然色素生产废水是一种色度大、难处理的高浓度有机废水,为了寻找该废水的有效处理方法,本文作者采用由升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)、生物接触氧化、混凝吸附组成的废水处理工艺,对该废水进行了处理试验,结果表明,对稀释4倍的原水,当进水COD为14900mg/L左右时,UASB经过36h的水力停留时间,COD的去除率为58.2%～60.2%、出水色度为180～270倍,SS为119～126mg/L,pH值为6.5～6.8;UASB出水经过24h好氧生物接触氧化反应,COD的去除率超过90%,SS<70mg/L;最终经过Ca(ClO)2氧化和煤渣吸附深度处理,脱色可至无色,出水COD为200mg/L以下。UASB生物接触氧化氧化吸附组合处理工艺处理该类天然色素生产废水是可行的。     

外循环式UASB反应器处理槟榔废水

在中温（35±2℃）条件下,利用外循环式UASB反应器处理中高有机浓度的槟榔加工废水,并着重探讨了水力停留时间（HRT）对厌氧消化的影响。研究表明,当反应器稳定运行,水力停留时间为1 d,进水COD浓度5 000 mg/L左右,容积负荷在2.53-5.25 kg COD/（m3·d）时,COD去除率在38%以上,出水COD〈3 000 mg/L,平均产气率为0.41 m3/kg COD;若水力停留时间延长至4 d,容积负荷为1.26-1.30 kg COD/（m3·d）,COD去除率可以达到79%,出水COD〈1 200 mg/L,出水可生化性下降,BOD5/COD平均为0.28,实验取得了良好的处理效果,为利用厌氧技术处理槟榔加工废水提供了设计依据。     

Fenton氧化-前置反硝化缺氧好氧池(A/O)处理荧光增白剂废水中试研究

采用Fenton氧化-前置反硝化缺氧好氧池(A/O)对荧光增白剂废水IC出水进行中试实验研究。实验表明,在Fe2+投加量为0.003 mol/L,进水pH值为3,[H2O2]/[Fe2+]为4∶1,反应时间为2 h的条件下,Fenton氧化法对COD的去除率可以达到46%以上,出水BOD5/COD的值由0.26提高到0.58。氧化后废水进入前置反硝化生物脱氮系统进行生化处理,该系统采用间歇式进水,水力停留时间为2 d,实验结果表明,A/O系统对COD、氨氮和总氮的去除率分别达41%、90%以上和86%。该组合工艺对COD的总去除率可达到67%,出水氨氮在20 mg/L以下,总氮在37 mg/L以下。     

啤酒生产废水处理设计及运行研究

分析了年产15万t啤酒的生产废水情况,介绍了采用IC厌氧反应器-一体化氧化沟处理该生产废水(7 200 m3/d)的工艺路线和主要设计参数,讨论了废水处理系统的运行情况.其中IC厌氧反应器的HRT为8 h,运行温度为35～37 ℃;一体化氧化沟包括氧化沟段和沉淀池段,总尺寸为40 m×24 m×6 m.IC厌氧反应器COD容积负荷在7.78 kg/(m3·d)时,COD去除率为84%左右.整套废水处理系统的COD总去除率为98%左右,出水COD小于80 mg/L.厌氧所产生的沼气可用于废水的升温.     

高温厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器处理聚氯乙烯离心母液废水启动方法

采用高温厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器处理低浓度、难降解聚氯乙烯(PVC)离心母液废水,以天津市经济技术开发区污水处理厂序批式活性污泥法(SBR)工艺好氧污泥和生物接触氧化法处理PVC离心母液废水污泥的混合污泥为接种污泥,以葡萄糖模拟废水为基质,不断增加PVC离心母液废水所占比例的方法驯化厌氧微生物,实现了系统的成功启动。系统启动期间,进水有机负荷(以COD计)和水力停留时间分别保持在0.2 kg/(m3.d)和50 h左右,出水COD去除率和pH分别稳定在80%和8.0左右。结果表明,添加共代谢基质能利用基质间的协同作用缓解有毒物质对微生物的毒性作用,显著提高了废水的可生化性。通过采用改变水质、保持稳定负荷实现EGSB反应器处理PVC离心母液废水的成功启动证明,该启动方法具有良好的稳定性和可靠性。     

强化EGSB-好氧组合工艺处理马铃薯淀粉废水研究

马铃薯淀粉废水具有处理难度大、有机污染物浓度高等特点,属于高难度有机废水。为了有效的解决马铃薯淀粉废水造成的环境污染问题,采用强化厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床组合好氧工艺对有机污染物质和氨氮的去除效能进行研究。研究结果表明-强化厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床在最佳运行工况条件下(进水温度为30℃、外回流比为2和水力停留时间24 h),组合工艺出水COD质量浓度和氨氮浓度分别在92.35 mg/L和10.28 mg/L左右,去除率分别在98.85%和86.29%左右,出水水质能够满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)二级标准,说明该工艺是一种适用于马铃薯淀粉废水的处理技术。     

外循环厌氧反应器接种好氧污泥的启动研究

内蒙古自治区某啤酒厂的外循环厌氧反应器完成了首次启动后由于操作问题,导致系统运行崩溃.第2次接种后续生物接触氧化池的好氧污泥进行重新启动,经过20 d的驯化,好氧污泥转变为活性较高的厌氧污泥;采用低负荷高去除率的方式运行40 d后,塔内形成了部分颗粒污泥;之后,为了提高颗粒污泥量快速提高进水流量,COD去除率先突然下降然后缓慢升高.当进水流量达到最大时启动结束,此时塔内颗粒污泥量和COD去除率仍在缓慢上升.     

啤酒废水常温厌氧消化启动及运行实验

采用自行设计的复合式厌氧反应器在常温下对啤酒废水进行了厌氧发酵产沼气的实验研究,将进水COD控制在5 000 mg/L左右,采取逐步缩短HRT的方法来提高进水有机负荷,结果表明,启动运行41 d之后,产气量上升速度加快,反应器成功启动运行;在稳定运行过程中,随着负荷的升高,产气量呈阶梯式渐次上升,COD去除率保持在90%以上,出水pH值维持在7.0左右,TSS去除率达到60%以上,出水水质较好,说明该反应器具有较好的厌氧消化处理有机废水的能力。     

垃圾压缩站污水的生物强化处理

垃圾压缩站污水是一种具有高COD、高NH3-N特点的有机污水.以厌氧/好氧组合工艺为基础,通过投加高效菌株对活性污泥系统进行生物强化.实验结果表明,与空白相比,厌氧出水COD去除率提高约30%,好氧出水NH3-N去除率提高约20%.最终出水COD《120 mg/L, NH3-N《25 mg/L,均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)二级排放标准.     

(AO)_2SBR同步脱氮除磷的研究

以人工配水为研究对象,采用厌氧/好氧/缺氧/好氧交替运行的序批式反应器,研究了(AO)2SBR系统同步脱氮除磷的效果,并结合批式实验讨论了同步脱氮除磷的反应机理。研究结果表明,该系统以厌氧1.5 h、好氧1 h、缺氧3h、好氧0.5 h的方式运行,在DO=2.5 mg/L,SRT=15 d的条件下,具有良好的脱氮除磷效果,配水中的总氮、总磷、COD和总有机碳的去除率分别为96.26%、99.87%、90.46%和85.57%。批式实验表明,合成的内碳源越多,氨氮的硝化越充分,反硝化除磷越多。     

垂直厌氧折流板反应器处理树脂废水的中试研究

介绍了采用垂直厌氧折流板反应器(VABR)处理离子交换树脂生产废水的中试实验装置以及实验研究过程,并着重分析了COD容积负荷和盐分对COD的去除率及出水VFA的影响,并确定了该废水的厌氧产沼气率。研究结果表明,在中温(37±1℃)环境下,容积负荷在9 kg COD/(m3.d)左右时,HRT为24 h的条件下,VABR对COD的平均去除率保持在70%左右,平均每去除1 kg COD约产生沼气0.44 m3,且运行稳定。     

Decolorization and biodegradation of dye wastewaters by a facultative-aerobic process

BACKGROUND: Dye wastewater is one of the main pollution sources of water bodies in China. Conventional biological processes are relatively ineffective for color removal, the development of alternative treatment methods will become important. Our subjective was that of introducing a new biotreatment technology which combined a facultative biofilm reactor (FBR) with an aerobic reactor (AR) to treat a dye wastewater. The efficiencies of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and the mechanism of dye degradation were investigated. METHODS: The anthraquinone acid dye (acid blue BRLL) concentration, organic loading rate (OLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were varied in the experiments to evaluate the treatment efficiency and process stability. The biodegradation products were detected by infrared (IR) and high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The results demonstrated that the facultative biofilm process was more effective for decolorization than the anaerobic stage of an anaerobic-aerobic process. Most color removal occurred in the facultative reaction (maximum to 88.5%) and the BOD (biochemical oxygen demand): COD of the FBR effluent increased by 82.2%, thus improving the biodegradability of dyes for further aerobic treatment. The dye concentration, OLR and HRT will be the factors affecting decolorization. Color removal efficiency falls as the influent dye concentration increases, but rises with increased HRT. The infrared and HPLC-MS analyses of the effluents of FBR and AR reveal that the dye parent compound was degraded in each reactor during the process. CONCLUSION: The Facultative-aerobic (F-A) system can effectively remove both color and COD from the dye wastewater. The FBR played an essential role in the process. The average overall color and COD in the system were removed by more than 93.9% and 97.1%, respectively, at an OLR of 1.1 kg COD m(-3) d(-1) and at the HRT of 18-20 hours in the FBR and 4-5 hours in the AR. The color removal mechanism in each reactor was not only a sort of biosorption on the floc materials, but even more an effect of biodegradation, especially in the facultative process. Recommendation and Outlook. In applying the F-A system to treat a dye wastewater, the control of facultative processes and the set up of appropriate operation conditions appear to be critical factors. Also, it is suggested a moderate COD loading rate and about a 24-hour HRT will favor the F-A system.     

好氧颗粒污泥的培养及处理味精废水

以厌氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥,在模拟废水条件下利用SBR 35 d成功培养出了具有同步硝化反硝化作用的好氧颗粒污泥,反应器对COD和NH4+-N去除率分别高于95%和99%。将该反应器用于处理味精废水,当COD、NH4+-N的容积负荷分别为2.4 kg/(m3.d)、0.24 kg/(m3.d)时,COD、NH4+-N和TN去除率分别高于90%、99%和85%。处理味精废水后的颗粒污泥粒径由之前的0.8～2.5 mm减小至0.6～1.8 mm,颗粒结构较之前更加密实。     

Removal of organic compounds during treating printing and dyeing wastewater of different process units

Wastewater in Shaoxing wastewater treatment plant (SWWTP) is composed of more than 90% dyeing and printing wastewater with high pH and sulfate. Through a combination process of anaerobic acidogenic [hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 15h], aerobic (HRT of 20h) and flocculation-precipitation, the total COD removal efficiency was up to 91%. But COD removal efficiency in anaerobic acidogenic unit was only 4%. As a comparison, the COD removal efficiency was up to 35% in the pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor (HRT of 15h). GC-MS analysis showed that the response abundance of these wastewater samples decreased with their removal of COD. A main component of the raw influent was long-chain n-alkanes. The final effluent of SWWTP had only four types of alkanes. After anaerobic unit at SWWTP, the mass percentage of total alkanes to total organic compounds was slightly decreased while its categories increased. But in the UASB, alkanes categories could be removed by 75%. Caffeine as a chemical marker could be detected only in the effluent of the aerobic process. Quantitative analysis was given. These results demonstrated that GC-MS analysis could provide an insight to the measurement of organic compounds removal.