以建筑物为主体的城市建设项目环境影响评价的思考

随着环境影响评价制度的逐步完善和城市建设的发展，以建筑物为主体的城市建设项目的环境影响评价越来越受重视，在实践工作的基础上，针对这类项目的环境影响评价，从工程分析、环境影响预测与评价、污染防治措施与环境管理、选址可行性分析及环境经济效益分析方面提出了一些改进思路。     

化工类等项目环评中污染防治专题编制探讨

污染防治措施专题是建设项目环境影响评价中的重要组成部分,直接关系到项目中的污染物排放是否能够达标、总控指标能否满足要求.本文就化工类等项目环评中污染防治措施专题的编制进行了探讨.     

环境影响评价实践中存在的问题与对策探讨

自从环境影响评价法颁布实施后，随着国务院关于投资体制改革的决定及环境影响评价公众参与暂行办法的相继实施，对环境影响评价工作提出了新的要求，环评也面临着新问题。针对实际开展环境影响评价工作中在规划、项目选址、工艺技术环保先进性等方面存在的问题，探讨了相应的解决对策措施，为更好地完善环境影响评价制度、发挥环境影响评价在项目环境管理上的作用服务。     

我国农业规划环境影响评价的问题与对策

综述了我国规划环境影响评价制度体系建设、评价技术方法以及评价实践现状的概况。针对当前开展农业规划环境影响评价工作所面临的问题，从建立农业规划环境影响评价相关政策措施体系及配套管理办法、研究突破评价方法及关键技术、制定颁布农业规划环境影响评价导则与技术规范等方面，提出了推进我国农业规划环境影响评价工作的对策措施。     

海上油气田调整井工程环评问题探讨

油气田井开发一段时间后,需对一些已投产的油井进行调整作业,保证油气田稳产。文章主要分析了调整井工程的模式、特点,提出环境评价重点应为：环境现状及回顾性分析,影响预测分析,生产水排放量．以期今后能更好、更快的完成调整井工程环境影响评价工作。调整井工程环境影响评价,应抓住评价重点,关注工程变更内容和环境影响变化情况,提出相应的污染防治措施。     

基于Visual Modflow的某危险废物填埋项目地下水环境影响评价

以某危险废物填埋处置项目为研究对象,在进行场地水文地质勘察的基础上,建立评价区水文地质概念模型,利用Visual MODFLOW软件模拟污染物在地下水环境中的运移规律和浓度变化,分析污染物在地下水中的迁移特征,评价其对地下水环境及敏感目标的影响程度,为项目地下水环境影响评价预测和相应污染防治措施提供技术支持。     

要闻

两部委出通知加强交通运输规划环评工作 环境保护部、交通运输部日前联合发布《关于进一步加强公路水路交通运输规划环境影响评价工作的通知》（以下简称《通知》）。《通知》强调,落实规划环评和项目环评的联动机制,环境保护行政主管部门要加强对公路水路交通运输规划环境影响评价工作的指导,要求交通运输行政主管部门在组织编制公路水路交通运输规划时,应严格执行规划环境影响评价制度,同步组织开展规划环境影响评价工作。     

环境影响评价与管理中几个问题的探讨

根据《建设项目环境保护管理办法》规定．建设项目环境影响报告和报告表应当在可行性研究阶段完成，它是项目可行性分析的一部分，其目的：一是为项目优化选址，合理布局提供决策；二是为项目优化设计、制定污染防治对策措施提供科学依据。因此，环境影响评价报告书是具有权威性的技术文献，对项目的实施有举足轻重的影响，甚至对环境上不可行的项目有“一票”否决权。然而，实际工作中却存在着一些环评搞形式走过场的情况，使环评没有起到应有的作用。一、报告书的商品化倾向环评应该是对项目进行客观的、科学的论证，但随着社会主义市场经…     

旅游专项规划环境影响评价探讨

旅游专项规划环境影响评价是我国新颁布的环境影响评价法所规定的一种新的环境影响评价形式。应以生态旅游理论为指导，突出反映规划环境影响评价的特点，引入区域环境影响评价的方法学开展旅游专项规划环境影响评价工作。文中对旅游专项规划环境影响评价的要点及指标体系进行了系统探讨。     

机动车污染防治行业发展综述

简述了近几年我国机动车污染防治行业发展的总体概况;介绍了我国机动车排放法规的实施情况,以及机动车污染防治行业发展的现状;总结了机动车污染防治委员会近年来的主要工作;提出了机动车污染防治行业应开展机动车污染防治技术基础研究工作的建议。     

A landscape vulnerability analysis method proposal and its integration in the EIA

Landscape is the area primarily affected by proposed human projects. The prediction and evaluation of the potential anthropogenic impacts under Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is therefore one of the major environmental tools for prevention of any deteriorative or destructive actions. To conduct EIA properly requires inclusion of a determination of landscape vulnerability which expresses the possible landscape reaction to impacts of any exogenous factors. When it is designated correctly, the suitable human activities are determined more accurately. Even though many techniques for this have been suggested worldwide, lots of deficiencies have surfaced in their application. This paper presents a method for landscape vulnerability analysis which consists of qualitative evaluation of landscape receptors, their scoring, the vulnerability degree calculation, and overall reliability evaluation. The method proposed can improve the impact objectivity of prediction and evaluation and the suggestion of precise mitigation measures with the purpose of achieving sustainable landscape management.     

我国环境影响评价与社会稳定风险评估制度关系的思考

环境影响评价制度和社会稳定风险评估制度作为预防和控制环境影响、创新社会风险管理的重要制度,实施以来发挥了重要作用,但也出现了工作边界和内容范围交叉的问题。尤其是近年来,环境污染焦虑引发社会风险事件的建设项目不断增多,导致两者的"天然联系"愈发紧密,工作存在模糊地带的问题愈发凸显,致使建设项目行政审批繁复、执行力差。在梳理环评、稳评的发展历程和存在问题的基础上,深入分析了环评和稳评的法律地位、适用范围、评价目标、评价内容、实施主体和程序上的异同,剖析了两者在制度设计和内容衔接方面的关系,并从理清工作边界职责、环境社会风险评估结果共享、强化稳评公众参与等方面提出了环评和稳评政策衔接的建议,为政府有效实施建设项目环境、社会监管提供决策参考。     

Environmental impact assessment in the People's Republic of China

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) procedures have been in existence in the People's Republic of China over the last decade. The impetus for China's introduction of EIA was provided by the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, which was adopted by the Fifth National People's Congress in 1979. The EIA process, which is administrative and not statutorily mandated, has been applied primarily to construction projects. Four stages are typically involved in an EIA investigation: design of the investigation, evaluation of background environmental quality, prediction of environmental impacts, and an assessment and analysis of the environmental impacts. A variety of approaches is used for predicting and analyzing environmental impacts, ranging from ad hoc methods to fairly sophisticated mathematical models. The results of the EIA investigation are compiled in an environmental impact statement, which is used as the basis for decision making by personnel in environmental protection departments. The EIA process does not include provisions for citizen notification or involvement. Views differ concerning the effectiveness of the EIA program in protecting China's natural, social, and cultural environments. Some hold that the EIA program has brought about improvement in environmental protection, while critics contend that the program has had little effect in the prevention of pollution. However, most, if not all, observers seem to feel that the program should be continued and improved. A major avenue for improvement is to place the evaluation of a particular project in a regional context. An earlier version of this paper was distributed at a workshop on Environmental Assessment Development Planning held in conjunction with the VII Annual Meeting of the International Association for Impact Assessment, Brisbane, Australia, July 5–8, 1988.     

我国现行环境影响评价制度面临的问题与对策

环境影响评价制度在我国经过近30年的发展与完善,在有效加强环境管理,从源头上防止环境污染和生态环境破坏方面起到了重要作用。但从现实看,其并未能从根本上遏制我国生态环境的恶化,各级政府的发展观、环境职能部门的独立性和公正性、评价机构的中立性、环境报告编制的技术性缺失和环境影响评价制度的缺憾等问题都严重制约着环境影响评价的作用发挥,只有解决这些问题,通过完善制度、科学评价,公正审批和有效监督才能让环境影响评价真正成为环境的守护神,实现经济社会发展与自然的和谐。     

试论农业政策的环境影响评价简

为了实现农业政策的生态化,即农业政策以环境保护为导向,减少农业政策对环境的影响,需要对农业政策进行环境影响评价。通过深入分析农业政策的环境影响评价对法治建设和生态文明建设的意义,认为在当前我国环境影响评价制度缺少相关政策层面环评的情况下,应当先对农业政策进行环评,通过确立政策环评范围、主体,对其进行阶段性设置,从而完善环评的法律体系,实现农业政策与环境保护的统一。     

产业园区规划环评工作亟须解决的若干问题及对策建议

本文从应开展规划环境影响评价工作的产业园区类型和规划类型、园区扩区后的规划环评范围、规划环评审查主体和审查权限、规划环评主体责任，以及规划环评与“三线一单”和项目环评联动等方面，系统梳理了当前园区规划环评实际工作中面临的问题和困惑，并分析了这些问题和对园区规划环评工作造成的影响。结合当前规划环评面临的形势和要求，针对当前规划环评管理存在的问题，从管理要求、技术要求和衔接要求等方面逐一提出了相关的对策建议。为推进解决当前规划环评工作面临的主要问题，提出了做实园区规划和规划环评工作、细化园区规划环评相关要求、动态调整“三线一单”成果三个方面的建议。     

Socio-economic Impacts: Are They Still the Poor Relations in UK Environmental Statements?

This paper discusses the treatment of social and economic impacts within UK environmental impact assessment (EIA). Socio-economic effects have an uncertain status in EIA, guidance on their assessment is limited and their treatment is often partial and of poor quality. This has led some commentators to view socio-economic impacts as the 'poor relations' in EIA. The paper presents the results of a recent review of the socio-economic component of UK environmental statements (ESs), which provides information on the extent, scope, balance and quality of socio-economic impact treatment. The review reveals that, although most ESs include some information on socio-economic issues, coverage tends to be narrowly focused on a small number of--primarily beneficial economic--impact types. Quantification of socio-economic impacts is also rarely attempted. The review findings are compared with those of similar studies undertaken in the mid-1990s, and the paper concludes with some recommendations for EIA practitioners relating to the treatment of socio-economic impacts.     

The significance of environmental impacts: an exploration of the concept

Since environmental impact assessment (EIA) is concerned primarily withsignificant environmental impacts, the concept of impact significance deserves to be defined and applied rigorously. In this article use of the term over the past 15 years in EIA documentation is reviewed. Some recent attempts at elucidating the concept are summarized. Four perspectives on impact significance that emerged from a series of workshops on the ecological basis for EIA are presented. These perspectives include (a) statistical (related to problems of isolating project-induced changes from natural variation), (b) ecological (related to the importance of project-induced changes from a purely ecological perspective), (c) social (related to the acceptability of project-induced changes in important environmental attributes), and (d) project (related to whether project-induced changes will indeed influence project decision making). The following synthesis is proposed: Any exercise in judging the significance of an environmental impact should thoroughly consider (a) the importance of the environmental attribute in question to project decision makers, (2) the distribution of change in time and space, (c) the magnitude of change, and (d) the reliability with which change has been predicted or measured. The implications of considering these factors are discussed.     

屠宰厂项目环境防护距离的确定

综合考虑外界潜在污染源对屠宰厂的环境影响,从大气环境防护距离、卫生防护距离及外界潜在污染源的环境影响评价出发,分析污染评价因子的选取、标准值的确定、预测模式的选取和预测结果评价,实例探讨了屠宰厂项目环境防护距离的确定方法。结果表明,拟建化工项目未对屠宰厂的环境空气质量造成影响,TSP是外界污染源对屠宰厂影响最大的污染因子,综合计算大气环境防护距离值和卫生防护距离值得到屠宰厂的环境防护距离为300m。     

石油化工行业发展规划环境影响评价技术要求浅论

行业规划环境影响评价工作目前处于试点阶段,技术要求还在探索中。为推动与规范石油化工行业规划环境影响评价工作,作者从规划环境影响评价目的着手,尝试性地论述了石油化工行业发展规划环境影响评价的基本技术要求,内容包括工作重点、指导思想和工作原则,以及环境影响报告书应包括的主要章节等。