共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 10 毫秒
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为科学评价矿山企业职业危害风险,提出一种基于二元语义和层次分析法(AHP)的矿山职业危害风险综合评价方法。首先,在分析企业生产活动的过程和相关文献的基础上,应用相关性分析方法,优化建立地下矿山职业危害风险评价体系;其次,在分析二元语义理论的基础上,给出原始数据标准化处理方法和详细的建模步骤;最后,通过实例进行应用。实例分析结果表明:利用语言短语处理定性信息的准确性高;职业危害风险的负面因素主要为粉尘等致灾因子,通过提高作业者素质和安全管理水平可大大降低其风险。 相似文献
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A study on a new hazard detecting and controlling method: The case of coal mining companies in China
This paper sets forth a new hazard detecting and controlling method according to the theory of system safety engineering to tackle the safety problems in coal mining companies of China. It combines classified detecting and controlling with closed-loop management, and detects hazards at different levels by dividing safety inspection into self-checking, working team checking, region team checking and specialist team checking. This method makes hazard management a closed-loop through introducing an accountability mechanism based on the interior market system of hazard detecting. The findings of our case study show that this new method is efficient to improve safety situation of the coal mining industry in China. 相似文献
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After three decades of sustained continuous improvement of mine safety performances in the US, mine disasters in 2006 and 2007 compromised an excellent record and presented new challenges and vulnerabilities for the underground coal mining industry. In the aftermath of the incidents, formal investigations and new scrutiny of mine safety by the US Congress and expert study groups followed. The US Congress passed the Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act of 2006 (MINER Act), which mandated new laws to address the issues, including those related to mine fires and explosions from which miners must be protected. The National Mining Association-sponsored Mine Safety Technology and Training Commission report highlighted the role of risk analysis and management in identifying and controlling major hazards, such as fires and explosions. In this paper an approach is given for analyzing the risks for fires and explosions based on the Mine Safety and Health Administration citation database. Using 2006 citation data and focusing on subsystem failures, the methodology is applied to a database for a pilot sample of underground coal mines stratified by mine size and state. 相似文献
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为提高煤矿防治水管理水平,预防和消除矿井水害,在层次分析法的基础上建立中性值作为参照对象对矿井水害风险进行实时评判的方法。根据《煤矿防治水细则》建立以矿井水文地质类型、矿井涌水量标准分数、突水预兆、采掘面位置、探水结果为准则层的层次结构模型,并对各评价指标赋权。依据制定的水害风险评价指标的评分细则和监测监控数据并结合其权重得到水害评价总得分。通过总得分与中性参照分数比较得出预测结果:水害评价总得分大于中性参照分数,证明水害的威胁小,分数越高越安全;反之则水害的威胁较大,分数越低越危险,这时需要加强防治水的力度,令评价分数管控大于中性参照分数。这种方法依赖于井下监测监控数据进行量化评价,能实时、客观、全面且准确地反映煤矿水害的风险情况。 相似文献
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A retrospective study on severity analysis of Indian coal mines accidents for 100 years was done considering fatal and serious accidents and the resulting causalities. The impact of recommendations based on safety conferences and committees over the years was studied. An event evaluation algorithm (EEA) was developed for this purpose. The hazard rate functions and cumulative risk functions for major hazards in Indian coal mines were developed. The study evaluated the status of safety level as well as the scope of improvement for Indian coal mines safety. 相似文献
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J. Maiti 《Safety Science》2010,48(10):1369-1379
This study proposes a new way of analyzing and evaluating worksystem safety based on probability models, control charts, loss functions and safety capability index. The step-by-step procedures for development of worksystem safety capability index (WSCI) are presented. The development starts with the adoption of process approach to model safety. The key feature of this development is the effective assimilation of quality engineering concepts into safety study. A case study was done in an underground coal mining situation to operationalize the development. Time between occurrences (TBO) of injuries and number of injuries (NOI) per month are considered as safety performance variables. The application shows encouraging results for safety improvement through adoption of control charts, expected loss and WSCI. The development opportunity, application potential and future scope of research are discussed. 相似文献
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矿井安全评价中的几个问题的初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了矿井灾害系统危险评价中的几个关键问题,分析了煤矿灾害系统的结构特点,针对矿井灾害系统这样一个过程性本质模糊的灾害发生环境,提出了危险程度的模糊风险度量理论和基于此理论的定量表示方法,以及对不同灾害事故后果相关性计算方法。还论述了全矿与其各组成部分的危险程度之间的相互关系。 相似文献
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为实现煤自燃过程的精细分级与自燃隐患的精确预警,保障井下煤自燃防治工作有效开展和煤炭资源安全开采.以甘肃王家山矿202工作面煤样为测试对象,采用煤自然发火试验与程序升温试验手段模拟煤体自然发火过程.测定煤自燃指标气体等特性参数数据,分析相关指标气体特征,将煤自燃过程划分为稳定、波动和剧烈反应3大区间.通过处理指标数据以... 相似文献
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Suhani J. Patel Dedy Ng M.S. Mannan 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2010,23(4):483-491
The implementation of inherently safer design concepts is considered beneficial to avoid hazards during early stages of design. The application of existing process design and modeling techniques that aid ‘substitution’, ‘intensification’ and ‘attenuation’ has been shown in this work. The techniques have been applied to solvent processes because of the inherent hazards associated with them, such as large inventories, and presence of highly toxic and flammable materials. For ‘substitution’, computer aided molecular design technique has been applied to select inherently safer solvents for a solvent operation. For ‘intensification’ and ‘attenuation’, consequence models and regulatory guidance from EPA RMP have been integrated into process simulation. Combining existing techniques provides a design team with a higher level of information to make decisions based on process safety. A case study has been shown for liquid extraction of acetic acid–water mixture. Suitable solvents were identified using ICAS 11.0-ProCAMD, and consequence models were integrated into Aspen plus simulator using a calculator sheet. Solvents such as 5-nonanone, 2-nonanone and 5-methyl-2-hexanone provide inherently safer options, but conventionally-used solvent, ethyl acetate, provides higher degree of separation capability. A conclusive decision regarding feasible solvents and operating conditions would depend on design requirements, regulatory guidance, and safety criteria specified for the process. Inherent safety has always been an important consideration to be implemented during early design steps, and this paper presents a methodology to incorporate the principles and to obtain inherently safer alternatives. 相似文献
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以风险预控为基础的煤矿本质安全化管理 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
陈维民 《中国安全科学学报》2007,17(7):59-62
针对我国煤矿现阶段在安全管理方面存在的问题,在分析国际煤矿安全管理经验的基础上,结合现代安全管理的发展方向,提出了建立以风险预控管理为基础的煤矿本质安全化管理的思路,即通过危险源辨识及风险评估分析,建立针对管理层的管理标准、管理流程和操作层的安全工作程序及工作标准的管理体系,建立系统化、结构化和规范化的自我管理机制,并针对重大危险源,从技术和管理两方面制定方案。最后,提出了建立并实施本质安全化管理应注意事项。该管理思路目前已经在"煤矿本质安全管理体系研究"的课题中得到应用。 相似文献
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冲击地压作为一种特殊的矿压显现形式,对抚顺矿业集团老虎台矿深部开采的安全生产造成了严重的影响,在该矿的实际生产中,地质条件是引发冲击地压发生的重要因素。鉴于微震监测系统是目前在煤矿井下监测冲击地压应用较为广泛的手段之一,本文利用波兰ARAM IS/MA微震监测系统对老虎台矿55002掘进工作面通过F7-1断层前后的微震特征信号进行连续观测,分别从时间和空间上研究此掘进面通过断层前后的微震特征,验证了一种典型的冲击地压发生时间前后的微震活动规律,并结合实际地质条件从位置上分析了微震事件与断层等地质构造之间的关系,进而根据空间分析结果圈定了重点防治冲击地压区域,使老虎台矿在该工作面掘进生产中提前采取相应的防范措施,顺利通过断层等地质构造异常区域,确保了安全生产。 相似文献
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企业生产系统危险源的结构、特征及其辨识 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
根据社会-技术系统理论,企业的生产系统可看作是一个多层递阶控制系统,该系统可能呈现不同的安全状态;应用系统科学理论分析表明,企业生产系统的安全功能缺陷是危险源可能的存在形式,而企业生产系统的集成缺陷是其安全功能缺陷的重要原因,危险源具有层次化的结构和对象化的特征;对比分析表明,要全面认识企业生产系统的危险源,需在对工作场所危险生成和事故发生原因进行基本的要素分析的基础上,结合企业生产系统状态和功能进行分析。总之,综合应用多种危险源分析和辨识方法,从系统要素、系统状态和系统功能的角度可更好地认识危险源。 相似文献
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重大危险源安全监管信息系统的开发研究 总被引:16,自引:20,他引:16
从重大危险源安全监管的现实需要出发,研究了重大危险源企业安全管理与政府安全监管信息系统的总体框架及其软、硬件结构,并开发出了重大危险源安全监管信息系统。该系统主要包括重大危险源辨识、安全评价与分级、远程实时监控、GIS电子地图、GPS定位、应急救援预案及指挥、选址与安全规划等子系统,为我国建立全国重大危险源监控信息网络系统提供了一个标准的、先进的信息化平台。该信息系统已经在江苏、山东、河北等省重大危险源监控网络系统建设试点中得到了广泛应用,提高了重大危险源监管水平,取得了良好的效果。 相似文献
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基于RFID及WSN技术的矿山实时三维定位及灾害预警平台 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对比分析国内外矿山灾害死亡事故数据,突显我国矿山安全生产形势十分严峻,提出了构建矿山实时三维定位及灾害预警平台的重要性。平台基于无线射频识别技术和无线传感网络技术,实现井下工作人员、井下移动设备的三维定位,实现井下巷道工作环境的各种参数(如温度、湿度、井巷通风风速、有害气体含量等)的实时监测,分析实时监测数据,预警井下数据异常区域,防止灾害发生,分析灾害发生位置、原因及发生时井下人员、移动设备等信息,为灾后救援工作提供有价值的决策参考。 相似文献
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煤矿井下粉尘监测、防治技术的现状与趋势 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
粉尘危害职工身体健康,威胁矿井安全生产,缩短设备、仪器使用寿命,是我国煤矿普遍存在的五大自然灾害之一.粉尘监测与粉尘防治是解决粉尘问题的两个有效且不可分割的手段.介绍了井下粉尘监测仪器及监测方法;总结了目前粉尘防治的四种思路:减尘、降尘、排尘、隔尘,提出减尘是粉尘防治最根本的方法,并详细论述了防治技术的研究现状,分析了存在的一些问题.最后,展望了粉尘监测、防治技术的发展趋势,期望为我国煤矿粉尘监测、防治工作及以后的研究工作提供新的思路. 相似文献
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重大危险源安全与自动化监控系统 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
姜颖 《中国安全生产科学技术》2010,6(4):161-164
对重大危险源实施系统、有效的安全监控是重大工业事故预防控制体系中的关键环节。文中给出了针对重大危险源监控全安全生命周期过程的整体实施流程,提出了重大危险源危险与风险评估的重点,探讨了重大危险安全与自动化监控的三层构建框架和工作过程,研究了安全系统与基本过程控制系统相独立的监控方式,给出了安全仪表系统的设计要求。 相似文献