共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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有机磺酸类化合物的络合萃取研究 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
本文以三烷基胺为络合剂,正辛醇,煤油,氯仿,四氯化碳等为稀释剂,测定了络合萃取剂对于对甲基苯磺酸,磺基水杨酸稀溶液的相平衡分配系数,讨论了稀释剂,体系PH值和7301络合剂含量对萃取相平衡分配系数D值的影响,确定了形成的萃合物的组成。 相似文献
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敌百虫萃取分离的研究 总被引:15,自引:2,他引:13
在考察敌百虫亲油性的基础上,本文对敌百虫稀溶液进行了溶剂萃取和络合萃取的研究。结果表于敌百虫的亲油一般,溶剂萃取分配系数较小,加入胺类络合剂提高了溶剂对敌百虫的萃取分配系数。 相似文献
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NaOH溶液对有机相苯酚反萃取的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文系统进行了NaOH溶液对负载苯酚的TBP+煤油溶剂的反萃取平衡实验。考虑苯酚的支萃取平衡和解离平衡,建立了反萃取的计算模式,并证明了模型的可行性。本文还讨论了NaOH溶液浓度,油水相比,萃取平衡分配系数,溶剂中的负载苯酚浓度和NaOH溶液中初始酚含量对反萃取率的影响。 相似文献
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《环境化学》2015,(10)
本文研究了硅橡胶膜对不同苯胺类物质的萃取效果,并结合有机物的结构参数进行分析.结果表明,苯胺类物质在硅橡胶膜中的萃取过程与其取代基的类型密切相关,—CH3和—NO2等疏水性基团的存在可以提高苯胺类物质在硅橡胶膜中的萃取率,但取代基的种类以及位置不同,会使苯胺类物质在硅橡胶膜中的萃取效果趋于复杂化;从结构参数的角度分析,苯胺类物质的萃取率主要取决于辛醇/水分配系数(lg P)以及溶解度(S)两个参数;萃取实验的结果显示,苯胺类物质在硅橡胶膜中的萃取率与辛醇/水分配系数呈现显著正相关(R2为0.940),与溶解度呈现显著负相关(R2为0.817),这表明有机物疏水性越强,越容易在硅橡胶膜内分配;但透过实验的结果显示,透过率随辛醇/水分配系数的增大呈现先升高后降低的趋势,当lg P在1附近时,透过率达到最大值. 相似文献
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一种新的有机污染物C18 EmporeTM膜/水分配系数测定方法的探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文采用C18Empore^TM膜替代正辛醇模拟生物体,建立了一套新的C18Empore^TM膜/水分配系数的测定方法,并从理论和实验两方面分析了C18Empore^TM膜/水分配 系数与正辛醇/水分配系数的异同点。实验结果表明,此法测定混合有机化合物的C18Empore^TM膜/水分配系数,可以取得较为满意的结果,这种新的有机污染物C18Empore^TM膜/水分配系数测定方法的建立,可为受污染可流中混合有机物生物富集因子(BCF)的预测和水环境纳污容量的评价提供技术支持,也为多经且分有机化合物定量结果-活性相关(QSARs)的研究和实际应用开辟广阔前景。 相似文献
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芳香族醛酮化合物溶解度和分配系数的测定与估算 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本文测定了15种芳香族醛酮化合物的溶解度和正辛醇-水分配系数,研究了水溶解度及分配系数与分子连接性能指数的相关性。结果表明,溶解度和分配系数之间以及与分子连接性指数呈较好的线性关系。 相似文献
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基于小分子醇双水相体系和小分子有机物双水相体系,建立了(乙醇+丙酮)-(NH4)2SO4形成的二元双水相体系萃取盐酸四环素的新方法.研究了分相盐、醇及小分子有机物的类型、用量及比例、温度、溶液酸度、共存物质对盐酸四环素分配行为的影响.结果表明,硫酸铵浓度为41%、无水乙醇与丙酮体积比为2∶1、溶液酸度在pH 4.5—5范围、温度为25℃二元双水相体系对四环素有较高萃取率可达90%,分配系数达到57.当测试允许相对误差为±7%时,浓度为75 mg.L-1的盐酸四环素,K+、Na+、F-、Cl-、NO3-、Br-浓度均为10%对测定结果无干扰,1.5倍的盐酸美他环素、35倍的氯霉素、青霉素和红霉素、80倍的淀粉和蔗糖、400倍的葡萄糖和果糖对测定结果不发生干扰. 相似文献
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以人工稀释水作为背景水样,通过实验室暴露和化学平衡软件的辅助分析,研究了4种有机络合剂(草酸、酒石酸、EDTA和腐殖酸)对大型水蚤(Daphniamagna)体内铜的生物积累(BBD)以及生物毒性的影响.结果表明,有机络合剂的存在降低了大型水蚤体内生物积累量和金属硫蛋白(MT)含量,明显降低了水体中金属Cu的毒性,4种不同有机络合剂所产生的效果大体相同;有机络合态的铜也能为大型水蚤所吸收和利用,在相同浓度条件下大型水蚤对腐殖酸络合态铜的利用大于EDTA络合态铜. 相似文献
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Nicoletta Calace Nicola Cardellicchio Silvia Ciardullo Massimiliana Pietrantonio Marco Pietroletti 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3):549-564
The spatial distribution of selected metals (Fe, Ni, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg and Cd) and their partition in the different chemical forms (speciation) were determined in benthic sediments from Mar Piccolo, Taranto (Ionic Sea, southern Italy). The aim of this study was to assess the degree of sediment contamination and bioavailability of metals, very important for Italian mussel culture, in a semi-enclosed marine ecosystem. In sediments, grain size distribution, total organic carbon (TOC), and humic (HA) and fulvic (FA) acids contents were also determined. The compounds TOC, HA and FA, in fact, have a great influence on metal complexation. High concentrations of copper, lead, zinc and mercury were found, especially in sediments of the first inlet of Mar Piccolo. Statistical analysis of results shows significant correlation among Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations and the influence of organic matter on the sediment distribution of Cu, Pb and Zn. Metal speciation analysis, carried out with sequential extraction method, shows that Fe and Ni are present in sediments mainly as sulphides. Mn and Pb are present principally in an ion-exchangeable form or bound to carbonate and Cu is associated to organic matter. Metal pollution index (MPI), calculated as a weighed mean of the metal contamination factors in each station, shows that with regard to Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, some stations investigated are unpolluted (MPI <1), whereas in other areas, pollution level is not very high. On the contrary, for mercury, the pollution level in the first inlet of the basin is very high. 相似文献
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本文采用化学逐级提取法对吸附锌后的土壤分别提取了交换态、CaCO_3结合态、氧化物结合态和有机质结合态的锌量,并讨论pH、温度和溶液中锌离子浓度对不同形态锌分布的影响。实验结果表明:外加锌被石灰性土壤吸附后,高pH值(7.5)时形态分布为:CaCO_3结合态≥交换态>氧化物结合态>有机质结合态;低pH值(5.5)时则为:交换态>CaCO_3结合态>氧化物结合态>有机质结合态。各形态锌的分配系数还受到吸附时的温度和溶液中锌离子浓度的影响。 相似文献
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The suitability of a 0.5 M HCl solution for extraction of Fe, Mn, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, and Zn from Nile River sediments was evaluated by comparing its effectiveness with that of conventional acid ammonium oxalate (Tamm's solution) and aqua regia extraction solutions. The present study has shown that although the extraction data indicate that both 0.5 M HCl and acid ammonium oxalate solutions are able to extract heavy metals simultaneously from the adsorbed, organic, and precipitated phases of Nile sediments, the 0.5 M HCl solution is preferred. It provides a rapid, reliable, and inexpensive method of measuring environmentally mobile metal concentrations in the aquatic sediments. From an analytical chemistry point of view, the 0.5 M HCl extracts do not clog the atomizer of the spectrophotometer. Extraction with dilute HCl solution obviates the need to use chemicals, some of which are toxic or not available readily as a high-purity grade. A standard extraction method should be relatively simple, to conduct a routine analysis of large numbers of sediment samples, yet at the same time it should provide sufficient information for assessment of the environmental impact of particulate metals. Therefore, extraction with 0.5 M HCl solution is very suitable for heavy-metal pollution monitoring in the Nile River 相似文献