共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 113 毫秒
1.
2.
电磁环境仿真中,针对一种常见的电磁仿真模型,提出了一种地形剖分方法来加快射线追踪计算。当发射机与接收机相距较远时,将包含发射机的较小区域和包含接收机的较小区域分别用较密的网格进行剖分,其他的地形用较粗的网格进行剖分。大量的仿真测试证明了该加速算法的高效性,其能在保证仿真精度的情况下减少仿真时间。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
6.
文章基于虚拟源二叉树射线跟踪算法,针对目前射线跟踪技术在遮挡测试和路径有效性检测过程中,由于部分遮挡等相交计算导致效率低的问题,使用新的判据代替求交运算,提高了算法效率。采用文章所提算法模型对某微小区的相关场景进行了仿真,并与基于GO(Geometrical Optics,几何光学原理)/UTD(Uniform Theory of Diffraction,一致性绕射理论)混合理论的三维仿真结果进行了比较,结果表明使用该判据可以提高二维射线跟踪算法的效率。在精度要求不高的情况下,文章所提出的二维射线跟踪算法在计算时间上具有较大的优势。 相似文献
7.
为了提高试验箱温度控制系统的精准度,缩短系统调节时间,提出了一种基于改进的麻雀搜索算法优化PID控制参数的方法(ISSA-PID)。利用PWLCM混沌映射初始化麻雀种群,丰富麻雀种群的多样性,采用Levy飞行策略改进了SSA算法种群中发现者和警戒者的位置更新方程,避免算法陷入局部最优,建立了试验箱加热温度控制系统的数学模型,利用改进的麻雀搜索算法(ISSA)优化了其模型PID控制参数。分别采用试凑法、麻雀搜索算法和ISSA算法对试验箱加热温度控制系统的PID控制参数进行了优化并对其仿真分析。仿真结果表明,ISSA算法使得控制系统超调量减少了18.9%,系统调节时间减少了704s,并利用PLC、触摸屏和试验箱搭建的实验装置开展实际实验测试。通过仿真和实验表明,ISSA算法对PID控制参数的优化效果更佳,且验证了ISSA算法优化PID控制参数在试验箱中应用的可行性。 相似文献
8.
复杂交通情况下,列车调度不平衡,运行轨迹控制偏差较大,增加了制动和加速操作的频率,自动驾驶运行可靠性较低,由此,提出一种列车自动驾驶运行高可靠性控制优化方法。通过多智能体和图论相结合的方式,分析线路附加阻力和运输线路条件的关联度,设计多智能体列车群分布式信息交互过程,实时收集列车群运行状态控制参数,这些参数可以用来计算最短追踪间隔时间、最小运行能耗和最小运行轨迹控制偏差,用于构建目标函数。采用人群搜索算法对目标函数进行求解,通过分析追踪间隔时间有效性,优化全间隔标准调整以及运行参数,可以输出最优解,并在安全和乘客舒适度的约束条件下找到最佳的控制参数配置。实验测试结果证明,所提方法可以有效减少运行轨迹控制偏差,提高列车自动驾驶运行可靠性,获取满意的自动驾驶运行高可靠性优化结果。 相似文献
9.
水质模型参数的确定是构建水质模型的基础。相对于传统优化方法,现代优化算法的优势日趋明显。本文在基于现代优化算法的水质模型参数确定研究背景下,介绍了具有代表性的遗传算法和模拟退火算法,并对该两种算法的应用现状进行综述,旨在推进该领域的进一步探索。 相似文献
10.
针对变压器设备,传统故障诊断方法的准确率与诊断效率难以满足当前的需求。本文提出了一种基于向量加权算法(INFO)优化极限学习机(ELM)的变压器故障诊断算法。在标准测试函数中选择3个测试函数对INFO算法进行寻优性能的测试,并与粒子群优化算法(PSO)、万有引力优化算法(GSA)、正余弦优化算法(SCA)和灰狼优化算法(GWO)进行了对比,经过测试验证INFO算法相较于其他优化算法具有更高的寻优性能。并使用INFO算法对ELM中初始输入权值和偏置进行优化,搭建基于油中溶解气体分析(DGA)的INFO-ELM变压器故障诊断分类模型,并与SVM、ELM、PSO-ELM、SSA-ELM、GWO-ELM故障诊断模型进行对比。结果表明,INFO-ELM故障诊断模型的综合准确率为98.71%,相对于上述对比模型分别提高了21.61%、16.87%、11.65%、10.36%和11.06%,本文提出的INFO-ELM变压器故障诊断模型具有更优良的故障诊断能力。 相似文献
11.
Donald L. Chery Calvin G. Clyde Roger E. Smith 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1979,15(4):1126-1145
ABSTRACT: Mathematical models for predicting watershed surface flow responses are available, most of which are elaborate nonlinear numerical surface and channel flow models linked with infiltration models. Such models may be used to make predictions for ungaged areas, assuming an acceptable fitting of the model to the topography and roughness of the real system. For some application purposes, these models are impractical because of their complexity and expensive computer solutions. A procedure is developed that uses a complex model of an ungaged area to derive a simpler parametric nonlinear system model for repetitious simulation with input sequences. The predicted flow outputs are obtained with the simpler model at significant savings of money and time. The procedures for constructing a complex kinematic model of a 40 acre (161,880 m2) reference watershed and deriving the simpler system model are outlined. The results of predictions from both models are compared with a selected set of measured events, all having essentially the same initial conditions. Peak discharges ranged from 3 to 118 ft3/sec (0.085 to 3.34 m3/sec), which includes the largest event of record. The inherent limitations of lumped systems models are demonstrated, including the bias caused by their inability to model infiltration losses after rainfall ceases. Computer costs and times for the models were compared. The derived simple model has a cost advantage when repeated use of a model is required. Such an applications hydrologic model has an engineering tradeoff of reduced accuracy, and lumping bias, but is more economical for certain design purposes. 相似文献
12.
A. U. Mallik 《Environmental management》1995,19(5):675-684
Fire and logging in nutrient-poor temperate forests with certain ericaceous understory plants may convert the forests into
heaths. The process of disturbance-induced heath formation is documented by using examples ofCalluna in western Europe,Kalmia in Newfoundland, andGaultheria (salal) in coastal British Columbia. In a cool, temperate climate, rapid vegetative growth ofCalluna, Kalmia, and salal following disturbance results in increasing organic accumulation (paludification), nutrient sequestration, soil
acidification, and allelochemicals. These are thought to be the main reasons to conifer regeneration failure in disturbed
habitats.
If continuation in forest is a land-use objective, then temperate forests with an ericaceous understory should not be logged
unless effective silvicultural methods are devised to control the ericaceous plants and restore forest regeneration. Preharvest
vegetation control may be considered as an option. Failure to control the understory plants may lead to a long-term vegetation
shift, from forest to heathland, particularly in nutrient-poor sites. Successful methods of controllingKalmia andGaultheria, however, have yet to be developed. While theKalmia- andGaultheria- dominated heathlands are undesirable in Canada and the Pacific Northwest, a wide range ofCalluna heathlands of western Europe are being conserved as natural and seminatural vegetation. 相似文献
13.
Pickett ST Cadenasso ML Grove JM Boone CG Groffman PM Irwin E Kaushal SS Marshall V McGrath BP Nilon CH Pouyat RV Szlavecz K Troy A Warren P 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(3):331-362
Urban ecological studies, including focus on cities, suburbs, and exurbs, while having deep roots in the early to mid 20th century, have burgeoned in the last several decades. We use the state factor approach to highlight the role of important aspects of climate, substrate, organisms, relief, and time in differentiating urban from non-urban areas, and for determining heterogeneity within spatially extensive metropolitan areas. In addition to reviewing key findings relevant to each state factor, we note the emergence of tentative "urban syndromes" concerning soils, streams, wildlife and plants, and homogenization of certain ecosystem functions, such as soil organic carbon dynamics. We note the utility of the ecosystem approach, the human ecosystem framework, and watersheds as integrative tools to tie information about multiple state factors together. The organismal component of urban complexes includes the social organization of the human population, and we review key modes by which human populations within urban areas are differentiated, and how such differentiation affects environmentally relevant actions. Emerging syntheses in land change science and ecological urban design are also summarized. The multifaceted frameworks and the growing urban knowledge base do however identify some pressing research needs. 相似文献
14.
Justin D. Burdine 《Local Environment》2018,23(2):198-219
Urban gardens are important sources of sustenance for communities with limited access to food. Hence, this study focuses on food production in gardens in the Toledo metropolitan area in Northwest Ohio. We administered surveys to 150 garden managers from November 2014 to February 2015 in our attempt to better understand how neighbourhood racial composition and poverty levels are related to staffing and voluntarism, food production and distribution, the development of infrastructure, and the adoption of sustainability practices in urban gardens. The results from 30 gardens are presented in this paper. We used Geographic Information Systems to map the gardens and overlay the map with 2010 census data so that we could conduct demographic analyses of the neighbourhoods in which the gardens were located. Though the gardens were small – two acres or less – up to 46 varieties of food were grown in a single garden. Gardens also operated on small budgets. Food from the gardens was gifted or shared with friends, family, and neighbourhood residents. Gardens in predominantly minority neighbourhoods tended to have fewer institutional partners, less garden infrastructure, and had adopted fewer sustainable practices than gardens in predominantly White neighbourhoods. Nonetheless, residents of predominantly minority and high-poverty neighbourhoods participated in garden activities and influenced garden operations. Volunteering and staffing were racialised and gendered. 相似文献
15.
Collisions with deer and other large animals are increasing, and the resulting economic costs and risks to public safety have made mitigation measures a priority for both city and wildlife managers. We created landscape models to describe and predict deer-vehicle collision (DVCs) within the City of Edmonton, Alberta. Models based on roadside characteristics revealed that DVCs occurred frequently where roadside vegetation was both denser and more diverse, and that DVCs were more likely to occur when the groomed width of roadside right-of-ways was smaller. No DVCs occurred where the width of the vegetation-free or manicured roadside buffer was greater than 40 m. Landscape-based models showed that DVCs were more likely in more heterogeneous landscapes where road densities were lower and speed limits were higher, and where non-forested vegetation such as farmland was in closer proximity to larger tracts of forest. These models can help wildlife and transportation managers to identify locations of high collision frequency for mitigation. Modifying certain landscape and roadside habitats can be an effective way to reduce deer-vehicle collisions. 相似文献
16.
Carl J. Sindermann 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(5):931-939
ABSTRACT: Sustained interest in and concern about the health status of the aquatic environment has resulted in extensive research focused on (1) effects of pollution on survival, growth, and reproduction of resource species at all life stages; (2) diseases of fish and shellfish, as they may be related to pollution and as they may serve as indicators of environmental stress; and (3) contaminant body burdens in fish and shellfish - their effects on the aquatic animals and their potential effects on humans. Effects, lethal and sublethal, of pollutants on life history stages of fish and shellfish have been documented, as have impacts on local stocks in badly degraded habitats, but as yet there has been no adequate quantitative demonstration of effects on entire aquatic species - probably because of the difficulty in sorting out relative effects of the many environmental factors that influence abundance. Sublethal effects, especially those that result in disease, have been examined intensively, and some diseases and disease syndromes have been associated statistically with pollution. Other pollution indicators (biochemical, physiological, genetic, behavioral, and ecological) have also received some attention, as have body burdens of contaminants in aquatic species. Research, especially that conducted during the past decade, has done much to clarify the many pathways and toxic effects of contaminants on aquatic animals, and has also helped to identify mechanisms for survival of fish and shellfish in the presence of environmental changes caused by human activities. 相似文献
17.
Kathryn Paxton George 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》1988,1(3):175-192
The maintenance of biodiversity is urged from many quarters and on grounds ranging from aesthetic considerations to its usefulness, particularly for biotechnology. But regardless of the grounds for preserving biodiversity, writers are generally in agreement that it should be preserved. But, in examining the various references biodiversity, such as species diversity, genetic diversity, and habitat diversity, it is apparent that we cannot aim to preserve biodiversityas such, since there are a number of conflicts in any such undertaking. In preserving one aspect of biodiversity, we damage another aspect. Five arguments which attempt to ground our moral concern for biodiversity are reviewed and critiqued, not only for their consistency but also for their power to move us to action. The final section of the paper shows how conflicts in the values of personal and environmental health can impair ethical action and especially policy formation.An earlier version of this paper was read at the conference on Agriculture, Food, and Human Values: Tradition and Change, Orlando, Florida, October 7–9, 1987. 相似文献
18.
All major journalism ethical codes explicitly state that journalists should protect editorial copy from undue influence by
outside sources. However, much of the previous research on agricultural information has concentrated on what information various
media communicate (gatekeeping studies) or communication's role in increasing innovation adoption (diffusion studies). Few
studies have concentrated specifically on organizational and structural constraints that might adversely affect agricultural
journalists' ethical standards; those that have, focus largely on farm magazines. A study of newspaper reporters who cover
agricultural news found that the most pressing ethical concern is the effect of advertiser (agri-business) pressure on editorial
copy, and that their concerns in general parallel those of farm magazine writers and editors. The majority reported being
in situations in which they might be exposed to advertiser pressure, including pressures to change or withhold editorial copy.
Large minorities suggested that advertising pressures affect the overall environment in which agricultural journalists work,
and more than one in ten said they allow advertiser pressures to influence editorial decisions. The newspaper reporters who
cover agricultural beats showed slightly more resistance to advertiser pressure than did farm magazine editors in a parallel
study. 相似文献
19.
Mapped environmental classifications are defined using various procedures, but there has been little evaluation of the differences
in their ability to discriminate variation in independent ecological characteristics. We tested the performance of environmental
classifications of the streams and rivers of France that had been defined from the same environmental data using geographic
regionalization and numerical classification of individual river valley segments. Test data comprised invertebrate assemblages,
water chemistry, and hydrological indexes obtained from sites throughout France. Classification performance was measured by
analysis of similarity (ANOSIM). Geometric regions defined by a regular grid and without regard to environmental variables
and a posteriori classifications based on clustering the test datasets defined lower and upper bounds of performance for a
given number of classes. Differences in classification performances were generally small. The ANOSIM statistics for the a
posteriori classifications were around twice that of all environmental classifications, including geometrically defined regions.
The hydro-ecoregions performed slightly better for the invertebrate data and the network classification performed slightly
better for the chemistry and hydrological data. Our results indicate that environmental classifications that are defined using
different procedures can be comparable in terms of their ability to discriminate variation of ecological characteristics and
that alleged differences in performance arising from different classification procedures can be small relative to unexplained
variation. We conclude that definition procedures might have little effect on the performance of large-scale environmental
classifications and decisions over which procedures to use should be based primarily on pragmatic considerations. 相似文献
20.
Donald M. Bruce 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2002,15(3):279-289
Future technological developmentsconcerning food, agriculture, and theenvironment face a gulf of social legitimationfrom a skeptical public and media, in the wakeof the crises of BSE, GM food, and foot andmouth disease in the UK (House of Lords, 2000). Keyethical issues were ignored by the bioindustry,regulators, and the Government, leaving alegacy of distrust. The paper examinesagricultural biotechnology in terms of a socialcontract, whose conditions would have to be fulfilled togain acceptance of novel applications. Variouscurrent and future GM applications areevaluated against these conditions. Successwould depend critically on how far a sharedvision can be found with the public. Tore-establish trust, significant changes areidentified in the planning and pursuit ofbiotechnology. 相似文献