水处理氧化还原过程的电化动化学特性

以流动电流为参数。研究了水处理条件下氧还还原过程的电动化学特性，考察了水中ＫＭｎＯ４及其与ＭｎＯ２＋，Ｆｅ＾２＋之间氧化还原作用的流动电流（ＳＣ）规律，探讨了氧化还原的初始条件，水处理环境、原水水质、氧化剂与还原剂的投加方式等对流动电流的影响。结果表明，不中约０．５ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１的ＫＭｎＯ４可产生ＳＣ的峰值，而且当它与Ｍｎ＾２＋和Ｆｅ＾２＋经不同条件进行氧化还原作用时，可通过ＳＣ值的变化表现出更为     

阳离子染料废水的脱色方法及其机理的研究

本文以阳离子染料碱性品红为代表，采用ＰＦＡＳ混凝剂对其水溶液进行脱色处理，在处理过程加入适量的十二烷基苯磺酸钠做助剂，脱色率最高可达９９％以上。本文还研究ｐＨ值及盐效应对脱色率的影响。脱色机理的研究结果表明：阳离子染料在水溶液中与十二烷基苯磺酸钠之间发生化学作用，靠氢键及静电键结合，使原来带正电荷的阳离子染料粒子转变为带负电荷的粒子，再与带正电荷的ＰＦＡＳ混凝剂的胶体作用产生絮凝沉淀。     

水处理氧化还原过程的电动化学特性

以流动电流为参数,研究了水处理条件下氧化还原过程的电动化学特性.考察了水中KMnO_4及其与Mn~(2+),Fe~(2+)之间氧化还原作用的流动电流(SC)规律,探讨了氧化还原的初始条件、水处理环境、原水水质、氧化剂与还原剂的投加方式等对流动电流的影响.结果表明,水中约0.5mg·l~(-1)的KMnO_4可产生SC的峰值,而且当它与Mn~(2+)和Fe~(2+)经不同条件进行氧化还原作用时,可通过SC值的变化表现出更为明显的电动化学特性.     

多元醇型非离子表面活性剂Span的毛细管超界流体色谱分析

本文采用毛细管超界流体色谱法对多元醇型非离子表面活性剂失水山梨醇进行分离与定量研究，并与高效液相色谱法进行了对比。实验结果表明：Ｓｐａｎ是失水山梨醇单、二、三、四脂肪酸酯的复杂混合物，其中单酯含量〈５０％，亲水亲油平衡值与Ｓｐａｎ的化学组成之间存在相应的定量关系，用ＣＳＦＣ法分析Ｓｐａｎ型表面活性剂比ＨＰＬＣ法具有明显的优越性。     

标准方法中的离子色谱

离子色谱作为一种快速、可靠的分析方法已广泛应用于环境监测、工业过程控制等领域中各种阴、阳离子以及某些极性有机化合物的测定.作为国际上最先研制和生产离子色谱仪的美国DIONEX(戴安)公司,其首创的化学抑制型离子色谱法早已为广大分析工作者所接受,并被国际上著名的权威机构确定为标准方法(见表).目前,在国内已制定的化学抑制型离子色谱法的国标有:大气降水中无机阴离子的测定;工业循环水中阴、阳离子测定;半导体高纯水中阴离子分析等,另有一些部颁标准亦在拟定之中.     

增加抑制型电导检测弱碱类阳离子的线性范围和灵敏度的新型抑制器--盐转换器

盐转换器阳离子自动再生抑制器 (ＳＣ ＣＳＲＳ)是柱后电解淋洗液抑制器 ,应用于阳离子的电导检测 .ＳＣ ＣＳＲＳ在阳离子交换的应用中取代ＣＳＲＳ ＵＬＴＲＡ抑制器 ,它用于测定铵盐和胺类化合物时能扩大线性范围 ,增加灵敏度 .ＳＣ ＣＳＲＳ将弱电离的铵盐和胺类化合物转化为强电离的ＭＳＡ形式 ,因此 ,增大了响应值 ,扩大线性范围到三个数量级 .盐转换器的特点　　◆扩大检测铵盐和胺类化合物的线性范围◆增大铵盐和胺类化合物的灵敏度◆化工厂中胺含量和杂质胺的测定　　◆半导体行业中工业用水和化工品的测定◆电厂中冷却水的测定◆…     

重金属和油处理剂对水稻根系的影响

试验了Ｎｉ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｓｎ、Ｃｒ和Ｃｕ等６种重金属及油处理剂对水稻根系的影响，结果表明．水中含Ｎｉ０．００７ｍｇ／１、Ｃｕ０．００５ｍｇ／１时，能阻碍根系的伸长；含Ｚｎ０．５ｍｇ／１以上时。不利于根系的伸长；水中含Ｍｎ２０ｍｇ／１，Ｓｎ、Ｃｒ￣（６－）各５ｍｇ／１时，对根系有明显危害；水中含Ｃｒ￣（２＋）＋Ｃｒ￣（６＋）时，当１种离子浓度保持不变，根系的抑制程度随着另１种离子浓度的增加而增大。水中含油处理剂１０００ｍｇ／１时，能抑制水稻发根。     

活性污泥对水中低浓度无机汞和甲基汞的吸附特性

为研究活性污泥对汞的吸附特性,本研究以焦作市第一污水处理厂活性污泥为原料,制取干污泥作为吸附剂,开展了干污泥对水中低浓度(ng·L~(-1))无机汞和甲基汞的吸附动力学实验和等温吸附实验.吸附动力学实验结果表明,干污泥对无机汞的吸附表现为吸附量在前30 min急剧增加,30 min后缓慢增加直至平衡.干污泥对甲基汞的吸附速率远远快于无机汞,在1 min内基本达到吸附平衡状态.干污泥对无机汞和甲基汞的吸附过程均符合Pseudo-second Order模型,属于化学吸附过程.等温吸附实验结果表明,干污泥对无机汞和甲基汞的吸附量与平衡浓度呈近似线性关系,等温线与Henry方程拟合较好.干污泥对水中无机汞和甲基汞的去除率随着初始汞浓度的增加呈现上升趋势,达到一定浓度后趋于稳定.     

二氧化氯对水中无机污染物的去除效果研究

本文通过模拟水厂混凝沉淀－过滤工艺，研究了ＣｌＯ２抽量和投加点对水中Ｆｅ＾２＋，Ｍｎ＾２＋，Ｓ＾２－ＣＮ＾－污染物的去除效果，并与液氯进行了对比，结果表明，随ＣｌＯ２投量增大，去除率也增加，且ＣｌＯ２效果优于液氯；后投ＣｌＯ２的去除效果好于中间投和预投ＣｌＯ２，且可省药，这为ＣｌＯ２在饮用水中的应用提供了科学依据。     

兰州市大气颗粒物中水溶性离子研究

本文对兰州市不同季节大气颗粒物中水溶性离子的主要理化特性及其与降水的关系进行了研究，认为大气颗粒物中水溶性离子是当地降水中ＳＯ４＾２－，Ｃａ＾２＋，Ｃｌ＾－等主要离子的来源。在１３种被测的水溶物中，ＳＯ４＾２－和Ｃａ＾２＋离子所占比例较高，分别占总离子的３１．４％和２７．８％，年均浓度值为１０．７２μｇ／ｍ＾３和３．９６μｇ／ｍ＾３。同时大气颗粒物中水溶物浓度与ＳＯ２，ＴＳＰ等大气污染物浓度之间也     

阴离子染料酸性大红GR水溶液的脱色及反应机理

以阴离子染料酸性大红GR为代表,采用十二胺做助剂,硫酸铝做混凝剂对其水溶液进行脱色处理,研究了助剂、混凝剂投加量、pH值及其盐效应等的影响．通过电导率、丁达尔效应和IR谱图分析其脱色机理：阴离子染料在水溶液中与十二胺之间发生化学反应,靠氢键和静电键结合,使染料微粒聚集形成胶体,再与硫酸铝混凝剂作用产生沉淀．     

强化混凝去除微污染原水胶体颗粒的研究

对珠江水系统进行了强化混凝处理，燕利用准弹性激光散射技术（PCS）对常规混凝和强化混凝前后水中胶体颗粒（小于0.45um)的大小与分布进行了测定,探讨了搅拌条件对混凝效果的影响。     

Gas-phase and aerosol chemistry interactions in South Europe and the Mediterranean region

The atmospheric chemical composition is affected by the interaction mechanisms among gases and particulate matter through a wide range of chemical reactions that can occur with the aid of particulate matter (e.g. particles act as reacting or absorbing surfaces) or be influenced by the presence of particulate matter in the atmosphere (photochemical reactions). Physical and chemical processes are also bonded in an interactive way that often leads to the influence of the radiation budget, cloud physics and the warming or cooling of the lower atmospheric levels. The Euro-Mediterranean region is a key-sensitive area due to the unique climatic and air quality characteristics associated with the regional climatic patterns, geomorphology (land and water contrast) and coexistence of pollutants from different origin. Focusing on this region, the gas-aerosol interactions are studied using state-of-the-art atmospheric and chemical transport modeling tools following the necessary development in the chemical transport model CAMx. Sensitivity and large-scale simulations have shown significant responses of the modeling system to the inclusion of natural species emissions, the direct shading effect of dust particles on photochemical processes and the formation of new types of aerosols through heterogeneous uptake of gases on dust particles. Including such interactions in the chemical transport model often led to the improvement of the model performance compared with available measurements in the region.     

红壤胶体铁氧化物界面有机氯的非生物转化研究进展

综述了红壤胶体铁氧化物的结构、形态及其转化;铁氧化物界面有机氯的非生物转化过程及其影响因素;异化铁还原作用下的有机氯转化过程。有机氯的非生物转化主要包括氧化转化与脱氯转化过程。氧化转化包括暗态下的化学氧化与光化学氧化过程;脱氯转化包括脱氢卤化、加氢脱氯、脱双卤、二聚脱氯与亲核置换脱氯等反应过程。有机氯的非生物转化主要受胶体界面pH、Eh、水溶性有机物、金属离子、铁氧化物形态与铁还原细菌等的显著影响。有机氯非生物转化的化学-微生物耦合机制、复合污染条件下重金属对界面有机氯非生物转化过程的影响机制、红壤胶体界面有机氯污染的综合调控技术方法等三个方面值得关注,有助于推动土壤胶体界面环境化学的发展。     

A review of combinations of electrokinetic applications

Anthropogenic activities contaminate many lands and underground waters with dangerous materials. Although polluted soils occupy small parts of the land, the risk they pose to plants, animals, humans, and groundwater is too high. Remediation technologies have been used for many years in order to mitigate pollution or remove pollutants from soils. However, there are some deficiencies in the remediation in complex site conditions such as low permeability and complex composition of some clays or heterogeneous subsurface conditions. Electrokinetic is an effective method in which electrodes are embedded in polluted soil, usually vertically but in some cases horizontally, and a low direct current voltage gradient is applied between the electrodes. The electric gradient initiates movement of contaminants by electromigration (charged chemical movement), electro-osmosis (movement of fluid), electrolysis (chemical reactions due to the electric field), and diffusion. However, sites that are contaminated with heavy metals or mixed contaminants (e.g. a combination of organic compounds with heavy metals and/or radionuclides) are difficult to remediate. There is no technology that can achieve the best results, but combining electrokinetic with other remediation methods, such as bioremediation and geosynthetics, promises to be the most effective method so far. This review focuses on the factors that affect electrokinetic remediation and the state-of-the-art methods that can be combined with electrokinetic.     

活性艳红染料在高岭土上的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

利用化学还原的方法制备银溶胶，通过在吸附了活性艳红的高岭土基体上沉积银，获得了活性艳红在高岭土上的表面增强拉曼光谱，探讨了活性艳红在高岭土上的吸附机理．结果表明，活性艳红和银溶胶均以范德华力和静电引力直接吸附于高岭土上。且银溶胶对活性艳红在高岭土上的拉曼信号有显著的增强效应。     

模拟镉污染土壤的电动力学修复研究

采用阳离子交换膜调控电解过程中pH值的变化和电解富集土壤中的元素,在pH=5.0的缓冲溶液中进行土壤的电动强化处理.通过对镉形态的分析,找到镉在电场中迁移转换的规律.在处理时间内,阳极附近镉的去除率达99%以上,阴极镉的富积系数达2.026,表明电场对土壤中重金属的迁移溶出有强化去除作用.     

A comparative study on the physicochemical and bacterial analysis of drinking, borewell and sewage water in the three different places of Sivakasi

The drinking, borewell and sewage water in the Sanmugasikamani Nadar (S.N) street, Naivatti Nadar (N.N) street and Thiruthangal area of Sivakasi has been studied. The various constituents monitored include the physicochemical characters like pH, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids; chemical parameters like total alkalinity acidity free CO2, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, salinity and bacterial parameters like standard plate count (SPC), total coliform count (TCC), faecal coliform count (FCC), faecal streptococcal count (FSC). Most of the physicochemical characters of drinking and borewell water were within the ISI permissible level. However in water samples from all the sites, bacterial count exceeded the recommended permissible level of WHO. Introduction of sewage into the drinking and borewell water was the main reason for the bacterial contamination. The boiling of water is therefore advisable before consumption. The physicochemical and bacterial characters of the sewage water were unworthy. The sewage water recycling was necessary to minimize the water born diseases.     

Sorption of DDTs on biofilms, suspended particles and river sediments: effects of heavy metals

The sorption by solid materials is one of the most important processes that affect the fate of hydrophobic organic pollutants in aquatic systems. Current studies focus on the sorption of hydrophobic pollutants by single natural solid material, whereas few studies compared the sorption behaviors of different solids. Furthermore, natural aquatic environment is a complex system where hydrophobic pollutants coexist with many other pollutants, but only limited studies reported the effects of coexisting components on the sorption. Here we studied the sorption of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) by three common solids in natural water, i.e., biofilms, suspended particles and sediments. The effects of typical coexisting heavy metals on the sorption were also examined. The results show that the sorption is described by a dual-mode sorption model. Compared with sediments, more DDTs were sorbed by biofilms and suspended particles. Coexisting Pb, Cd and Cu increased the sorption of DDTs on sediments while decreasing the sorption on biofilms slightly, with little effect on the sorption on suspended particles. The different sorption behaviors of the solids were mainly determined by the composition of the solids: more organics were observed in biofilms and suspended particles.     

Time series analysis for the estimation of tidal fluctuation effect on different aquifers in a small coastal area of Saijo plain, Ehime prefecture, Japan

Considering the current poor understanding of the seawater–freshwater (SW–FW) interaction pattern at dynamic hydro-geological boundary of coastal aquifers, this work strives to study tidal effect on groundwater quality using chemical tracers combined with environmental isotopes. In situ measurement data of electrical conductivity and groundwater level along with laboratory measurement data of hydro-chemical species were compared with tidal level data measured by Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department, Saijo City, Japan for time series analysis. Result shows that diurnal tides have significant effect on groundwater level as well as its chemical characteristics; however, the magnitude of effect is different in case of different aquifers. Various scatter diagrams were plotted in order to infer mechanisms responsible for water quality change with tidal phase, and results show that cations exchange, selective movement and local SW–FW mixing were likely to be the main processes responsible for water quality changes. It was also found that geological structure of the aquifers is the most important factor affecting the intensity of tidal effect on water quality.