不同预荷电条件下影响颗粒物凝并效果的因素

为了研究在电凝并中预荷电参数对颗粒物凝并效果的影响,在凝并室条件不变的情况下,对颗粒物体积占有率的变化进行了分析.试验由预荷电室和凝并室组成,凝并室的电压为交流电压,最高为35 kV.为了明确正负电晕的荷电效果,首先对预荷电室正负电晕的伏安特性曲线进行对比,结果显示正负电晕的电晕电流均随电压的增大而增大,而负电晕的电流始终大于正电晕,且极配形式对正电晕电流无太大影响,在负电晕条件下,二齿芒刺线的电流增长更快.后续依次改变预荷电室正负电晕电压、颗粒物质量浓度、风速和极配形式,结果显示当预荷电室的极配为二齿芒刺线-板,直流电压为-35 kV,质量浓度为2 g/m3,风速为1.2 m/s时,凝并效果最佳.     

两种电晕放电特性比较研究

为明确2种不同电源的电晕特性,对恒压电源和脉冲电源形成的电极对,通过控制变量法进行了2种电晕放电的电场特性及除尘性能的比较研究。实验结果表明：相同工况下,脉冲电晕放电的击穿电压和起晕电流都高于恒压电晕放电,其产生的平均电子密度高,使得粉尘去除效果略好,且除尘性能稳定,产生的副产物O₃量少。     

脉冲电晕放电去除废水中氰化物的研究

采用脉冲电晕放电等离子体处理含氰高炉煤气洗涤水,设计了针-板式电极结构的等离子体反应器装置。研究了不通入、通入SO2,不放电、放电以及不同初始氰化物浓度条件下,处理含氰废水的效果。大量实验研究表明,无论放电与否,通入SO2均可提高氰化物的去除率;脉冲电晕放电可以提高氰化物的去除率,洗涤水在脉冲电晕区停留时间越长,氰化物去除效率越高;高炉煤气洗涤水中氰化物初始浓度越高,其净化效果越好,洗涤水在脉冲电晕区域停留时间约为2.1 s时,氰化物去除率最高可达99.9%,而初始浓度较低时,几乎没有净化效果。     

低气压对电晕放电的影响

在空载、密闭的电除尘器模型条件下,试验了不同气体压力、不同极间距的变化对电晕放电性能的影响。研究结果表明,在高原地区采用宽间距技术,可使电除尘器获得更高的击穿电压和更大的稳定运行范围。     

脉冲电晕放电与CuO/γ-Al2O3协同处理烟气中SO2和NO的实验研究

研究了催化剂CuO/γ-Al2O3与脉冲电晕放电协同作用脱除烟气中的SO2和NO.结果表明, 在100 ℃以下,CuO/γ-Al2O3与脉冲电晕放电协同作用具有较好的脱硫脱氮效果.当脉冲电压40 kV,进口烟气温度80 ℃,出口烟气温度40℃,气体在烟道中的流速为1.3 m/s,SO2的初始质量浓度为1 400 mg/m3,NO的初始质量浓度350 mg/m3,SO2的脱除率达到85%,NO的脱除率达到30%.     

波形电晕线排列形态对放电特性的影响实验与分析

为了明确波形电晕极的放电特性以指导工程设计与应用,在线-板式电除尘器中,实验研究了波形电晕极排列方式对电除尘器伏安特性的影响.试验中主要考虑了2个因素对波形电晕线放电性能的影响,即波形电晕线的偏转角和波形电晕极间距.其波形电晕极的具体布置方式分为:①波形电晕线偏转角分别为0°、45°、90°;②波形电晕极间距分别为14...     

放电降解苯酚的能量计算及火花放电的控制

实验观察了脉冲电晕放电等离子体降解水中有机污染物苯酚过程中的电压波形图及参数,并对其进行了分析研究,讨论了降解过程中的能量计算问题,分析了放电过程中产生火花放电的原因,并提出了控制火花放电的方法。在其它放电参数相同的情况下。比较了有无泄放电路对苯酚降解率的影响。     

电晕电极放电特性评价

人们在评价电晕电极放电特性优劣时,通常的说法是“起晕电压要低、击穿电压要高、电晕电流要大”。这种笼统的提法并不十分妥当。从电晕电极在收尘过程中的作用来看,现在的工业电收尘器,都是由电晕电极与收尘电极组成电场。收尘过程可以概括为电晕放电、尘粒荷电、荷电尘粒在电场力作用下向收尘极运动并沉积在收尘极上。电晕电极在收尘过程中的作用是使局部气体电离,产生带电粒子——电子和离子,以便尘粒有电可荷。同时,电晕极与收尘极间建立的高强度电场,使荷电尘粒有向收尘极运动并沉积     

脉冲电晕技术在处理挥发性有机化合物中的应用研究

建立了利用脉冲电晕技术处理挥发性有机物的实验装置,选取苯作为代表物质进行实验研究,观察初始浓度、停留时间、注入能量、电源特性等参数对去除率的影响,并对反应副产物的成分进行分析测试.在输入电压为50 V,频率为20 Hz,气体体积流量为1 620mL/min,苯的初始质量浓度为76.8 mg/m3的实验条件下,苯的去除率达到61.4%.脉冲电晕技术处理低浓度有机废气效果较好.     

DJ-1型电除尘器微机自控电源的试验研究

1 电除尘器捕集高比电阻粉尘时的伏-安特性曲线 对于高比电阻粉尘,在反电晕放电条件下,电除尘器的伏-安特性曲线上存在一个拐点和负阻区,如图1所示。     

静电旋风水膜除尘系统电晕极优化实验研究*

为了研究电晕极结构对静电旋风水膜除尘系统的影响,采用逐步优化法,对比十字形芒刺电晕极和笼式环形电晕极在不同横向极距、纵向极距、芒刺数下对电场特性的影响。研究结果表明:经优化后,加入芒刺的笼式环形电晕极放电能力优于未加入芒刺的笼式环形电晕极和十字形芒刺电晕极,并在与水膜共同作用时具有较高的除尘效率,其结构参数为:从上至下4层圆环半径依次为107,80,54,28 mm;相邻圆环纵向极距为150 mm,圆环与集尘极的横向极距为90 mm;半径最小圆环上芒刺数为8根,其直径为2 mm,长度为10 mm。优化后的电晕极结构与水膜作用有助于提升静电旋风水膜除尘系统的除尘效率。     

高压脉冲等离子体降解水中苯酚的实验研究

对高压脉冲放电等离子体技术降解水中有机污染物苯酚进行了实验研究,观察了脉冲成形电容、脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率、放电电极直径、放电距离、苯酚的人口质量浓度等因素对苯酚降解率的影响;实验结果表明脉冲成形电容有一最佳值;降解率随脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率增大而升高,随放电电极直径和放电距离的减小而增大,随苯酚人口质量浓度增大而增大。     

Suppression of cone discharges in a powder silo using a grounded metal rod

While filling a large silo with coarse nonconductive powders, strong electrostatic sparks known as a cone discharge, which can become sufficiently energized to ignite a flammable dust cloud, often occur on the surface of a powder heap. In an attempt to mitigate or eliminate a cone discharge, a long metal rod with a pointed tip or a flat tip was vertically installed in the center of an experimental silo (1.5 m in diameter, 2 m in effective height) with the objective that the static charge might be released by the corona discharges or the surface potential of the powder heap reduced by the electric field reducing effect. The experimental results are summarized as follows:(1) No cone discharges were observed while the silo was being filled with polypropylene pellets when either a pointed tip or a flat-tip rod was installed so that its lower end was located 10 cm above or 30 cm below the heap surface level. A corona discharge that occurred on the pointed tip was shown to be effective to some extent in reducing the charge of the powder heap.(2) Brush discharges were observed near the metal rod and its support. However, we assume that the maximum energy was not high enough to ignite a dust cloud with minimum ignition energy greater than 3 mJ.     

喷射电极静电除尘理论研究

根据当前国内外电除尘器的发展现状和电极结构特点,以改进电除尘器的电极结构和含尘气流的流动方式作为突破口,提出了具有喷射电极结构的静电除尘器.在喷射口周围布置有毛刷钢针芒刺放电极,电晕钢针将在高压电源作用下产生电晕放电.因此,当粉尘随含尘气流从喷口流出时,被电晕荷电.荷电粉尘在气流和电场力的作用下冲向收尘极板,被收尘极板捕集.     

Blast wave clearing behavior for positive and negative phases

The purpose of the research was to improve prediction of response of buildings to blast waves by including the negative phase and considering clearing of both positive and negative phases. Commonly used structural design practices, which trace their origins to military design manuals, often ignore the negative phase as well as positive phase clearing. For high explosive threats, this approach is conservative in most circumstances. However, negative phase clearing had not previously been studied for blast waves, and the implications for structural response had not been evaluated. This paper presents results of modeling negative phase blast clearing behavior for a typical blast wave and discusses the differences from positive phase clearing. The implications of including positive and negative phase clearing in building blast damage analysis are also investigated through single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) analyses.Blast waves from explosion sources like a vapor cloud explosion (VCE), pressure vessel burst or high explosive exhibit both positive and negative phases, and the relative magnitude of the positive and negative phases varies among explosion sources and the specific circumstances of each source. A fully reflected blast wave is produced if an incident blast wave were to strike an infinitely tall and wide wall in a normal orientation. Both the positive and negative phases of the blast wave are enhanced by the reflection process. However, when an incident blast wave strikes a wall of finite size in a normal orientation, rarefaction waves are created at the edges of the wall, and the rarefactions sweep down from the roof and inward from sides. The rarefaction waves result in a clearing effect for both the positive and negative phases.Clearing relieves some of the applied blast load on the reflected wall for the positive phase. However, this is not always the case for the negative phase. As shown by the results presented in this paper, clearing may either relieve or enhance the applied negative phase blast load, depending on the duration of the blast wave and the wall dimensions.The impact of negative phase clearing on structural response for generic building components was also investigated. Nonlinear SDOF methods were used to characterize response in terms of peak positive and negative displacements. It was found that the influence of the negative phase is significant and the peak structural response can occur during negative (outward) displacement.     

双区电除尘器降低锅炉烟尘排放浓度

粉尘在传统结构的荷电区荷电之后,一部分尘粒被阳极板捕集,大部分带有正、负电荷的尘粒再分别被收尘区的管式辅助电极和阳极板捕集.模拟试验数据表明,收尘区具有高电压、低电流和板电流密度分布均匀的特性.工业性试验结果显示,应用双区电除尘技术设计或改造电除尘器,不仅可以较好地防止发生反电晕,而且能够将锅炉烟尘排放质量浓度降低到50 mg/m3以下.与传统的卧式电除尘器相比,还可节省10%左右的占地面积和钢材用量.     

公路隧道空气净化的实验研究

随着交通事业的发展,公路隧道,特别是长大隧道,在整个线路中所占的比重越来越大。由于隧道是个相对闭塞的空间,污染空气不易扩散,致使隧道空气中污染物质的浓度不断增加。目前,国内外普遍采用通风换气法来稀释、控制隧道空气中污染物的浓度,使其达到环保要求。对长大隧道,有时不得不增大隧道断面或设置通风竖井,以满足通风要求。这必然导致增大初期投资和运行费用。因此,国际上正在探索新的技术途径来治理公路长隧道空气污染问题。笔者用脉冲电晕放电技术对公路隧道中的污染空气进行了净化实验研究。实验取得满意效果,除尘效率达９０％ 以上,ＣＯ氧化脱除率可达７０％ 。该技术为解决公路长隧道污染空气的就地净化问题提供了一条新的途径。     

电源频率对大气压氦气射流等离子体放电特性的影响

为探究大气压射流等离子体放电特性,利用同轴双环电极结构等离子体射流装置,研究电源频率、外加电压对氦气射流放电电流、起始电压、消耗功率、放电平均功率、射流长度等参数的影响规律。结果表明:放电图像在f=7.88,8.40,8.90 kHz电源频率下,随着电压增加,等离子体射流长度先增长后稳定;电压-电流关系符合辉光放电特征;同一电源频率下,随外加电压升高,放电电流脉冲个数增多、幅值增大、脉冲曲线产生畸变,装置消耗功率和放电功率所受影响不大。