An integrated investigation of biomarkers’ response in crabs (Liocarcinus depurator) and benthic indices at a metalliferous waste discharge area in North Evoikos gulf,Greece

This study applied biomarkers and benthic indices at an area in North Evoikos Gulf, Greece, affected by metalliferous slag disposal. Biomarkers of antioxidant defense (catalase, glutathione S-transferase), and neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase) were measured in crabs Liocarcinus depurator. Iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) concentrations in sediments and crabs were also measured. High levels of all metals were found in sediments at the disposal area. Metal levels in the crabs were also higher in the disposal area although spatial differences were not as marked as in the sediments. Accordingly, biomarker responses of crabs in the disposal area were also noted suggesting impact on the antioxidant defense of the organisms against oxidative stress. Benthic indices showed disturbance in the disposal area. The combined approach of measuring biomarkers and contaminant levels in the crabs and sediment was complementary to the benthic indices approach providing indications of metal exposure related effects. Our results support the idea that a twofold monitoring approach of assessing both the benthic community structure shifts and the biomarkers and metal accumulation levels may integrate and capture both the structural and the toxicological effects of dumping onto the benthic communities.     

An assessment of contamination and ecological risk of metals in sediments of the Guaracara,Caparo and Couva rivers in Trinidad,West Indies

The presence of metals in an aquatic environment can serve as a biomarker for pollution and can be used to evaluate its contamination status. Rapid industrialisation in recent decades has propelled Trinidad and Tobago to be one of the most developed nations within the Caribbean region and has stimulated the awareness of potential ecological risks from various industrial activities affecting the rivers of Trinidad. Sediment samples from three rivers along the West coast of Trinidad were analysed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. For all three rivers, the metal concentrations in sediments were in the range of 0.40–2.31?μg/g, 12.77–33.04?μg/g, 14.51–72.89?μg/g, 224.90–4472.83?μg/g, 8.20–43.08?μg/g, 22.63–38.34?μg/g and 92.0–5462.60?μg/g for Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, respectively. Assessment of the pollution status indicated that all three rivers were considered polluted, with significant contributions from Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn. The potential ecological risk for all three rivers, however, was low and multivariate statistics revealed that mainly anthropogenic sources contributed to the metal concentrations in sediments of all three rivers.     

Occupational health effects due to nickel and chromium exposure in electroplating workers

Occupational exposure to chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) compounds may result in adverse health effects. This study aimed to determine hematological changes in blood and hair in electroplating workers. Twenty-three electroplating workers and seven control subjects with no history of occupational exposure to Cr were recruited in Madurai district, South India. Metal levels in erythrocytes were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Ni was found to accumulate at higher levels than Cr in workers than the control subjects. There was no significant change in blood glucose, serum creatinine, and hemoglobin content in workers compared to the control subjects even after stratification by potential confounding factors, such as age, gender, and smoking status. The findings in this study indicated that there was detectable Cr and Ni exposure in electroplating workers. Low-level occupational Cr and Ni exposure induced higher erythrocyte sedimentation and increased the percentage of eosinophils in workers.     

豫北典型农田作物中重金属污染状况及健康风险评价

农产品污染引发的食品安全问题目前已经成为全社会关注的焦点,为了研究和评价农作物中重金属污染和健康风险状况,采集了焦作市武陟县玉米、水稻和花生三种大田作物样品,共计47个样品,其中玉米样品16个,花生样品4个,水稻样品27个。在测定作物籽粒中重金属Cr、Ni、As、Cd和Pb含量的基础上,分别采用单因子污染指数和综合污染指数法评价了作物籽粒中重金属的污染状况,并运用危险商（HQ）法评价了这些作物中的重金属对人体健康可能造成的风险,进而应用相关分析法、聚类分析法及主成分分析法,探讨了作物籽粒中重金属含量的分布特征及其污染来源。结果表明：武陟县农田作物籽粒中的Cr、Ni、As、Cd和Pb的平均含量分别为0.26±0.42、0.31±0.29、0.04±0.03、0.01±0.04和0.03±0.03 mg·kg^-1。其中,玉米籽粒中的Cr、Ni、As、Cd和Pb的平均含量分别为8.86×10^-2±0.21、9.41×10^-2±0.12、8.10×10^-3±5.29×10^-3、1.20×10^-5±4.92×10^-5和0.04±0.02 mg·kg^-1;水稻籽粒中的Cr、Ni、As、Cd和Pb的平均含量分别为0.38±0.49、0.44±0.31、0.07±0.02、4.60×10^-3±7.42×10^-3和0.03±0.03 mg·kg^-1;花生籽粒中的Cr、Ni、As、Cd和Pb的平均含量分别为0.13±0.22、0.32±0.16、0.02±3.05×10^-3、0.11±0.07和1.32×10^-2±1.70×10^-2 mg·kg^-1。农作物籽粒中各重金属元素的单因子污染指数评价结果显示,从总体上看,3种农作物籽粒中5种重金属的单因子污染指数均值均小于1,单因子污染指数均值大小顺序为：Ni＞As＞Cr＞Pb＞Cd;从作物类型来看,玉米和水稻中Ni超标的样品比率分别为6.67%和51.85%,水稻中Cr超标的样品比率为12%。农作物籽粒中各重金属元素的综合污染指数评价结果显示,重金属的平均综合污染指数为0.59,整体上处于安全等级。总体来看,14.89%的农作物受到不同程度的污染,其中轻度污染的农?     

Contamination levels and human health risk assessment of toxic heavy metals in street dust in an industrial city in Northwest China

This study investigated the content, distribution, and contamination levels of toxic metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in street dust in Lanzhou, an industrial city in Northwest China. Meanwhile, the risk these metals posed to the urban ecosystem and human health was also evaluated using the potential ecological risk index and human exposure model. Results showed that concentrations of these metals in the dust are higher than the background value of local soil, with Cu having the highest levels. The districts of Anning and Xigu had the most extreme levels of contamination, while Chengguan and Qilihe districts were lightly contaminated, which can be partly attributed to human activities and traffic densities. In comparison with the concentrations of selected metals in other cities, the concentrations of heavy metals in Lanzhou were generally at moderate or low levels. Heavy metal concentration increased with decreasing dust particle size. The pollution indices of Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were in the range of 0.289–2.09, 0.332–2.15, 1.38–6.21, 0.358–2.59, and 0.560–1.83 with a mean of 1.37, 1.49, 3.18, 1.48, and 0.897, respectively. The geo-accumulation index (I _geo) suggested that Zn in street dust was of geologic origin, while Cd, Cr, Pb, and Cu were significantly impacted by anthropogenic sources. The comprehensive pollution index showed that urban dust poses a high potential ecological risk in Lanzhou. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects due to exposure to urban street dust were assessed for both children and adults. For non-carcinogenic effects, ingestion appeared to be the main route of exposure to dust particles and thus posed a higher health risk to both children and adults for all metals, followed by dermal contact. Hazard index values for all studied metals were lower than the safe level of 1, and Cr exhibited the highest risk value (0.249) for children, suggesting that the overall risk from exposure to multiple metals in dust is low. The carcinogenic risk for Cd and Cr was all below the acceptable level (< 10⁻⁶).

     

Study of the effect of refinery waste water exposure on Allium cepa's enzymatic antioxidant defense: probing potential biomarkers

The effects of heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and various toxicants present in Mathura Refinery Waste Water (MRWW) on Allium cepa were examined as a model plant system. The study was based on exposure of A. cepa to different concentrations of MRWW and compared to untreated control (exposure of onion bulbs with aquaguard purified water) to determine the total protein content and activities of certain antioxidant enzymes. These enzymes were evaluated for their efficacy to serve as biomarkers of refinery waste water pollution. DNA damaging potential of MRWW was also investigated. Data demonstrated maximal enhancement in ascorbate peroxidase activity subsequent to MRWW insult, although a significant increase in activities was also noted for other enzymes in the following order: superoxide dismutase?>?glutathione-S-transferase?> catalase. This is suggestive of their potency as a biomarker of MRWW toxicity. Increase in activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR; 152%) and deoxyribonuclease (345%) were also found in the A. cepa system as a result of MRWW exposure. In conclusion, A. cepa system might thus serve as an appropriate tool for monitoring water pollution, especially produced by petroleum waste and heavy metals in term of induction of glutathione peroxidase, MDHAR, and deoxyribonuclease activity.     

Metal contamination of surface soils of industrial city Sialkot,Pakistan: a multivariate and GIS approach

In this study concentrations of selected metals viz., Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ni, Pb and Zn in surface soils of Sialkot city known worldwide for tanneries and pharmaceutical industries were measured to assess the status of urban soil pollution and to identify sources of contamination. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HACA) indicated concentrations of Mg and Ca related to parent rock material, Cd, Co, and Pb with traffic related activities, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn either associated with automobiles activities or industrial pollution and Fe, K and Na related with anthropogenic activities or lithogenous materials. Correlation analyses and principal component analysis based on factor analysis confirmed the results of HACA. Spatial distribution maps exhibited relatively higher concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr and Zn along traffic routes in the city and streams. The results highlighted concentration of Cd, Ni, Cr, Zn, and Pb measured in urban soil exceeded the permissible limit of surface soils and advocated an imperative need for detailed baseline investigations of spatial distribution of heavy metals and other contaminants for the formulation of geochemical database that should be made available to stakeholder involved in monitoring, assessment and conservation of soil contamination for future planning and management of the Sialkot city.     

三七及其中药制剂中砷和重金属含量及健康风险评估

我国传统珍贵草本药用植物三七Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen的重金属污染问题已引起关注。详细调查了某市以三七为原料的药品中As和重金属的含量。结果表明,三七药品中主要以As和Pb污染为主,超标率分别为56%和97%,而Cu、Cr、Ni和Zn则均远低于限量标准;三七药品中As和Pb污染可能同时来源于原料和加工炮制过程;三七中As和Pb摄入的人体健康风险(以CDI与PDE的百分比计)最高分别为780%和3294%;Cr和Ni含量虽然远低于限量标准,但其健康风险最高也已达45%和30%。本研究可为三七乃至其他中药制剂的As和重金属污染控制提供科学依据。     

Morphologische Parameter als Biomarker in der Ökotoxikologie – natürliche und schadstoffinduzierte Variabilität

Background Ecotoxicology utilizes alterations of biological parameters of organisms as biomarkers of toxic exposure or effects. In environmental monitoring, biomarkers function as sensitive indicators of chemical pollution or as early warning signal of late effects Aim The pre-requisite for using a biological parameter as biomarker is the ability to unequivocally distinguish between the natural or normal and the induced or abnormal expression of the marker. This article discusses problems in discriminating between the normal and induce state, using morphological biomarkers as an example. Results and Discussion Morphological and/or anatomical parameters are intuitively considered to be rather invariable. This article shows for the example of gonad morphology of fish that this expectation is not always correct, but that morphological markers may display pronounced baseline variability. The reasons for this variability are often not understood. This is limiting the utility and interpretation of the biomarker response, in particular when organisms are not only exposed to chemical but to multiple stressors. Outlook The problem of discriminating between natural and induced variability of biomarkers is of particular relevance in low dose exposure scenarios, when stressors other than toxic chemicals may confound the toxicant-induced changes of the biomarker status. To better handle this problem and to be able to distinguish between adaptive and adverse changes, ecotoxicology has to set out for improved understanding of the phenotypic plasticity of organisms and genotypes,     

Effects of salinity stress on neurotransmission, energy metabolism, and anti-oxidant biomarkers of Carcinus maenas from two estuaries of the NW Iberian Peninsula

This study investigated the effects of salinity on biomarkers of oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and neurotransmission of Carcinus maenas from an estuary low impacted by pollution and from an estuary under chemical stress in the NW Iberian Peninsula. Crabs were collected in the field and, following an acclimation period, they were exposed for 7 days to five salinity levels ranging from 4 to 45 psu. At the end of the exposure period, stress biomarkers were determined in samples of muscle and digestive gland. The biomarkers assessed in the muscle were the activities of the enzymes cholinesterases (ChE), of which acetylcholinesterase is involved in neurotransmission, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) that are involved in energy metabolism. The biomarkers assessed in the digestive gland were (1) the activities of the enzymes glutathione S-transferases (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), involved in phase II biotransformation and the anti-oxidant defence system; (2) the levels of total glutathiones (TG), also belonging to the anti-oxidant system; and (3) the levels of lipid peroxidation as a measure of oxidative damage. The results showed a significant influence of salinity on neurotransmission, energy metabolism, anti-oxidant status, and oxidative damage of C. maenas. For some biomarkers, this influence was dependent on whether the crabs were collected at the low-polluted estuary or at the contaminated estuary. In particular, crabs collected at the low-polluted estuary showed altered neurotransmission and anti-oxidant defences (GR). Crabs collected at the impacted estuary showed alterations in neurotransmission, energy metabolism (IDH and LDH), biotransformation, and anti-oxidant defences (GST, GR, GPx, and TG), as well as in oxidative damage, indicating that salinity change superimposes higher stress on these organisms. For ChE, IDH, and TG, altered responses were induced by both hypo- and hypersalinity.     

渭河流域关中段地表水重金属的污染特征与健康风险评价

由于重金属的毒理性及其对水生生态系统的重要影响,水生环境的重金属污染已成为全世界关注的问题.渭河是黄河的第一大支流,近年来随着沿岸社会经济的发展,渭河的水质受到严重的威胁,但是对渭河流域地表水重金属的污染状况缺乏全面评估.以渭河流域关中段为研究区域,采集了该流域35个地表水样品,检测了12种重金属元素(Cr、Mn、Fe...     

Exposure to Selected Heavy Metals Through Water Ingestion in an Area Under the Influence of Tanneries

This study evaluated the potential toxicological risk posed to human health due to the exposure to heavy metals by water ingestion in an area affected by tanneries – the Cadeia-Feitoria hydrographic basin (Brazil). River water was collected at 10 sites, every 3 months, from July 1999 to April 2000. After acid digestion, total metal concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn), flame atomic absorption (Al, Fe, Pb, Mn), or cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (Hg). Cr(VI) was complexed with diphenyl-carbazide and detected by UV–vis spectrometry. In order to quantify the risk of exposure, the risk assessment methodology employed by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States was applied at a screening level. The assumed scenarios included extreme exposure patterns (ingestion of untreated water, conversion of Cr(III) to Cr(VI), temporal peaks of pollution). Fe, Al, Cd, Hg, and Pb were not included in the risk analysis, since they showed a low toxicity potential or were undetected in the samples. The selected metals presented Hazard Quotients < 1, in the following order of increasing risk: Cu < Cr(III) < Zn < Ni < Mn < Cr(VI). Hazard indexes, representing the additive effect of contaminants, were also low in the basin (< 1), but comparatively increased in the lower reach of Feitoria and Cadeia Rivers. Although noncarcinogenic risk levels did not suggest possible adverse toxicological effects to the human population, a considerable deviation from background conditions was observed downstream the area where tanneries are mainly located.     

袁河水系溶解态痕量金属元素分布特征及来源分析

为研究袁河水系水体溶解态痕量金属元素污染来源与水质状况,分别于2018年7月和2019年1月在袁河干流和支流采集38个表层水样,检测了痕量金属元素Cr、Fe、Mn、As、Al、Cd、Ni和Tl的浓度.采用单因素方差分析分析袁河水系痕量金属元素的时空特征,基于痕量金属元素水质指数评价袁河痕量金属元素污染程度,采用相关分析、主成分分析探讨痕量金属元素污染的主要来源.结果表明,袁河部分金属元素时间或空间差异显著,Cr、Cd、As浓度在丰、枯水期之间差异显著,Fe、Cd、Tl浓度在干、支流之间差异显著.袁河丰、枯水期污染程度相似,主要污染河段位于宜春河段和新余河段,重度污染采样点基本上位于支流.痕量金属元素中Cr、Fe、As主要来源于城市废水,工业活动和采矿活动;Ni、Cd、Tl主要来源于生活污水和工业废水;Mn、Al主要来源于自然活动和采矿活动.本研究可以为袁河流域的痕量金属元素污染治理提供科学依据.     

东莞市某地区地表水中重金属健康风险不确定性评价

为了解东莞市西南地区(麻涌镇、沙田镇、虎门镇和长安镇)地表水中重金属污染现状与健康风险水平,对研究区域内29个地表水样中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn等重金属元素进行测定,并运用不确定性健康风险评价模型对研究区地表水中的重金属进行健康风险评估。结果表明:该研究区域地表水中重金属引起的致癌风险较高,人均年健康风险都在Ⅴ级风险及以上。化学致癌性重金属引起的人均年健康风险中,以Cr最大,As次之,然后是Cd。非化学致癌性重金属引起的人均年健康风险中,Pb的风险最大,Ni次之,风险均远小于化学致癌性重金属引起的人均年健康风险。因此,该研究区域地表水中重金属健康风险管理应以化学致癌风险为主,重金属污染物的优先控制顺序为CrAsCd。     

Exposure Assessment of Naturally Metal Enriched Topsoils, Port Macquarie, Australia

An exposure assessment was conducted on naturally metal enriched topsoils of the city of Port Macquarie in order to establish whether the soils pose any threat to human health. Surface soils (0–10 cm depth, <2 mm) were investigated for their total, bioavailable and leachable Cr and Ni concentrations. Total metal concentrations ranged from 145 to 4540 mg Cr kg^–1 and 20 to 2030 mg Ni kg^–1, whereas soil extractions revealed low leachable contaminant concentrations (EDTA extraction: <0.1–0.2 mg Cr L^–1 and <0.1–4.7 mg Ni L^–1; acetic acid extraction: <0.1 mg L^–1 Cr and Ni). Thus the bioavailability of Cr and Ni to plants is low, the leaching of metals into ground and surface waters is insignificant and the pathways of these metal pollutants from topsoils into residents are limited to the inadvertent ingestion, inhalation and skin adsorption of soil metals. Simulated gastric experiments, using hydrochloric acid, indicated that less than 0.01% of the total Cr and 0.1–2.4% of the total Ni ingested are soluble and available, for uptake into the human body. Critical receptors, such as small children would have to ingest considerable soil quantities (> 11.8 g per day) over long periods of time to experience an appreciable risk of deleterious effects. Thus, although Cr and Ni are present in high concentrations, the effective uptake of Cr and Ni from soil by the majority of residents is insignificant. The possibility that the Ni enriched topsoil induces allergic contact dermatitis in sensitised individuals remains to be evaluated.     

Introduction of the land snail Cornu aspersum as a bioindicator organism of terrestrial pollution with the use of a suite of biomarkers

The use of organisms in biomonitoring studies allows the determination of the pollution levels, the assessment of the quality of the enviroment and the study of toxic effects of pollutants on the organisms. By studying the responses (biomarkers) of organisms, it is possible to assess the exposure and effects of pollutants. Land gastropods are widely used in relevant studies as they possess several characteristics that make them ideal for use as bioindicators. In the present study we sought to evaluate several biomarkers in the laboratory using snails of the species Cornu aspersum after the exposure to heavy metals (Cd, Hg) and a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (anthracene, phenanthrene and naphthalene). The biomarkers studied were the following: lysosomic membrane stability using the neutral red retention assay (NRR), the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using the compound DCFH-DA and flow cytometry, lipid peroxidation using the TBARs assay that measures the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonylation (–CO) using ELISA, and single strand breaks of DNA using the comet assay. Our results show significant differences in the responses between the control group and the groups that were exposed to pollutans, enhancing the role of Cornu aspersum as a promising bioindicator organism in terrestrial pollution studies with the use of the biomarkers applied.     

城市湖泊表层沉积物中的重金属污染现状及其稳定度分析——以武汉墨水湖为例

水体沉积物中的重金属会对生态系统构成直接和间接的威胁.为了研究工业化、城市化过程中城市湖泊沉积物重金属污染程度,以武汉市墨水湖为研究对象,测定了5种重金属Zn、Cu、Ni、Pb及Cr在表层沉积物中的含量,分析了其污染程度、分布特征,并对其稳定度进行了分析.结果表明,墨水湖表层沉积物重金属污染程度较重,在所有采样点5种重金属含量均高于最低效应阈值(LEL),多数采样点甚至超过了严重效应阈值(SEL);该湖泊沉积物中重金属分布具有比较明显的空间差异性:排污口区>湖中心水域>城区岸边带>林田岸边带;其稳定程度依次为:Zn相似文献   

六溴环十二烷暴露对红鳍笛鲷脑乙酰胆碱酯酶和组织氧化应激的影响及评价

六溴环十二烷(C_(12)H_(18)Br_6,简称HBCD)是近年来在环境中广受关注的优先污染物和高产量化学品。实验室条件下以红鳍笛鲷为研究对象,选取其脑组织非特异性生物标志物超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶(glutathione S-transferases,GST)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)及特异性生物标志物乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase,ACh E)为指标研究了不同浓度HBCD溶液(8.6μg·L~(-1)、43.0μg·L~(-1)和215μg·L~(-1))暴露96 h对红鳍笛鲷脑组织的氧化损伤和神经毒性效应,同时结合综合生物标志物响应指数(integrated biomarker responses index,IBR),对HBCD造成的胁迫水平和毒性效应进行评价。结果表明:HBCD对红鳍笛鲷脑组织中SOD活性和GST活性表现出不同程度的诱导效应,其中暴露初期SOD活性与HBCD浓度呈正相关,但随暴露时间延长与HBCD浓度呈负相关;HBCD对MDA含量和ACh E活性表现出诱导或抑制且存在剂量依赖性,低浓度组MDA含量表现为先抑制后诱导的过程,ACh E活性表现为先诱导后抑制;中浓度组MDA含量和ACh E均表现为抑制效应;高浓度组MDA含量表现为先诱导后抑制的过程,ACh E活性表现为先抑制后诱导。IBR分析结果表明4种生物标志物对HBCD胁迫的敏感性分别为SODGSTACh EMDA,且中、高浓度组的胁迫效应最明显。     

城市湖泊表层沉积物中的重金属污染现状及其风险评价——以武汉墨水湖为例

水体沉积物中的重金属会对生态系统构成直接和间接的威胁.为了研究工业化、城市化过程中城市湖泊沉积物重金属污染现状及其暴露风险，以武汉市墨水湖为研究对象，测定了5种重金属Zn、Cu、Ni、Pb及Cr在表层沉积物中的含量，分析了其污染程度、分布特征，并对其稳定度进行了分析.结果表明，墨水湖表层沉积物重金属污染程度较重，在所有采样点5种重金属含量均高于最低效应阈值（LEL），多数采样点甚至超过了严重效应阈值（SEL）.该湖泊沉积物中重金属分布具有比较明显的空间差异性：排污口区>湖中心水域>城区岸边带>林田岸边带；其稳定程度依次为：Zn < Cu < Ni < Pb < Cr，其中Zn交换态及碳酸盐结合态比例超过50%，稳定程度极低.而Pb、Cr稳定程度较高，其交换态及碳酸盐结合态比例小于10%.像墨水湖这样受纳高污染负荷市政污水、暴雨径流的城市湖泊，其潜在的重金属生物活性，必须引起足够的重视.     

Source identification,environmental risk assessment and human health risks associated with toxic elements present in a coastal industrial environment,India

This study investigated the source and contamination levels of toxic elements (Cd, Cr, As, Pb, Ni and Hg) present in a coastal environment, Paradip—an industrial hub of the east coast of India. The ecological risk assessment indices and human exposure models were used to evaluate the pollution status. Enrichment factor indicated that all the metal(loid)s found in the sediment are mostly derived from the anthropogenic source. According to the sediment quality quotient, 8.33% of sediments have crossed the ERM limit for Ni that can be fatal to biota. Meanwhile, 66.66, 41.66 and 8.33% of sediments have exceeded PEL range for Cr, Ni and As, respectively, that can register frequent lethal toxicity to benthic biota. As had the highest potential ecological harm coefficient (Er_f?>?80), and Hg had moderate ecological harm coefficient (40?<?Er_f?<?80). Summarily, the sediment quality of this site is moderate to heavily toxic to benthic organisms. The concentration of toxic metals in seawater was below the permissible limit (CCC and CMC) set by USEPA indicating that water is relatively safer for free floating aquatic biota. The health risk index of toxic metal (loid)s present in soils of the residential sites has confirmed that there is a severe non-carcinogenic threat for children (HI child?>?1) and a borderline carcinogenic risk for both adult and children. THQ_Cr possesses highest non-carcinogenic threat, which contributed approximately 50% to HI followed by THQ_As. The contribution of carcinogenic risk of chromium (CR_Cr) to TCR is approximately 60%. Cr is the significant contaminant of this site that has highest health effects. Highest exposure risks were associated with ingestion pathway accounting for about 85% of the total for most of the elements.