城市供水水源中抗生素抗性基因污染及其在饮用水厂的去除研究进展

城市供水水源及饮用水厂的水质是关系居民饮用水安全的重要环节.抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)作为一类新兴污染物,近年来在全球各地城市供水水源的污染日益严重,尤其是ARGs检出种类在增多、检出频率和浓度在升高,给居民饮用水安全带来很大威胁.饮用水厂的处理工艺对ARGs的去除、控制更是直接关系到居民的饮用水安全.在对城市饮用水源...     

试论湖泊饮用水源环境污染

以某地A、B、C三湖为例，介绍了湖泊饮用水源环境污染的成因及现状，着重指出了危害严重的富营养化的藻类毒素，最后阐述了受污染湖泊地区的饮用水水质状况、毒物种类、含量标准及防治控制方法。     

纳滤膜技术在地下水除砷应用中的研究进展

砷污染突发事件的频发严重威胁着地下水饮用水水源的水质安全，加之饮用水控制标准的提高，就对饮用水除砷技术提出了更高的要求，而纳滤(NF)膜分离技术为饮用水除砷提供了新的思路。首先概述了地下水中砷的存在形态、化学性质以及我国高砷地下水地区分布，然后分析了NF膜特点、除砷机理与性能，系统地阐述了各种因素包括膜操作因素（操作压力、膜回收率、膜排布方式等）和原水水质因素（pH、水温、共存离子、共存有机物及砷浓度与砷价态等），对NF膜除砷性能的影响。此外，对NF除砷的关键问题，如原水预处理、膜浓水处理、膜污染及其清洗等，也作了探讨。最后，总结了目前NF除砷应用中所面临的问题，探索性提出了NF膜技术在除砷应用中的研究方向。     

用鱼养水生物控制饮用水源蓝藻暴发

饮用水源藻类污染已越来越引起人们的关注，作者简述了塔山水库饮用水源地蓝藻暴发的过程及原因，提出了用鱼养水生物措施控制饮用水源蓝藻暴发的对策。     

阿科蔓介质生物接触氧化法预处理微污染原水

随着库区经济的发展,大量点源或面源污染物未经有效处理便直接排入水体致使许多可作为生活饮用水的水源变成了"微污染"水源,鉴于常规的预处理工艺不能很好地适应现有"微污染"水源水质的变化,采用挂膜成功的阿科蔓介质生物接触氧化法对微污染水源水进行预处理实验研究,并与挂膜成功的组合介质生物接触氧化法进行对比,结果表明,阿科蔓介质挂膜速度较快,效果较好,且对水源水质的变化具有较好的适应性,是微污染水原水质改善较为理想的人工介质;对于相同的微污染水源,阿科蔓介质的处理效果明显优于组合介质且处理效果良好,其对"微污染"水源水中TN、氨氮、COD和总磷的平均去除率分别为67.4%、87.2%、54.1%和40.1%,其中较适宜的阿科蔓介质生物接触氧化预处理进水溶解氧浓度为4.0~6.0 mg/L。阿科蔓介质生物接触氧化不失为一种开展饮用水源地生态防护与饮用水质改善的技术。     

基于模糊权物元理论的地下水水质评价模型构建及应用

在物元分析的基础上,结合模糊权重理论与层次分析方法，构建用于评价地下水水质的模糊权物元分析模型。应用此模型对徐州市的重要水源地——张集水源地的地下水水质进行了综合评价。选取数据较为完整的20个监测井的监测数据进行评价。结果表明，研究区的20个采样点水质为Ⅱ、Ⅲ级的占95%，绝大多数地下水水质较好，符合饮用水的要求。与投影寻踪法和模糊概率法的评价结果比较发现，得出的评价结果与以上2种评价结果基本一致。     

华北平原典型地区地下水污染防治区划探讨

地下水是华北平原重要饮用水水源和战略资源。随着经济社会的快速发展,部分城市和工业企业周边地下水污染呈恶化趋势。以河北某市作为开展华北平原地下水污染防治区划研究的典型地区,基于地理信息系统(GIS)平台,采用地下水污染源荷载、地下水脆弱性、地下水功能价值评价和地下水污染现状评估结果,将研究区划分为保护区、防控区和治理区,面积分别为577.4、1 459.2、10.5km2,为该区域地下水环境保护工作提供重要参考。     

饮用水源水、出厂水有机污染物GC/MS分析

于1998年对成都市饮用水源水、出厂水的有机污染物进行了GC／MS分析,该市饮用水和出厂水均存在有机物污染,且含有优先控制污染物;污染来源主要为生活污水。枯水期有机物检出率高于丰水期。     

苕溪水污染现状及防治对策

苕溪作为杭州地区重要的饮用水源之一，近年来污染日趋严重，杭州市环保局在余杭市，临安县环保局的配合下，于１９９５年７月对苕溪两岸排污单位进行了系统的调查。在对调查结果和苕溪水质常规监测数据全面分析的基础上，提出了苕溪污染的防治对策。     

作为饮用水的地下水水质综合评价方法的探讨—D值分级法

目前,国内外综合评价作为饮用水之地下水污染程度的方法不多.本文尝试性地提出一个简单方法,即D值分级法. D值分级法的评价顺序是:首先,赋于各项监测值以“评分数”,将评分数转换成“数字模式”,再对水质进行“污染分级”,写出“污染表达式”,最后,计算各地区地下水的“综合污染系数”.     

连云港市天然山泉水和井水调查

于2018年六五环境日期间开展便民服务,监测山泉水或井水。监测项目主要有:酸碱度、溶解性总固体、总硬度、氟化物、氯化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、重金属等。参照《生活饮用水标准检验法》(GB/T5750-2006)和《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)对居民送样水监测分析后评价,80%的水样存在某一项或几项指标超标,其中一半水样硝酸盐超标,需予以重视,建议提高安全用水意识,不要作为饮用水使用。     

Microbial Contamination of Groundwater at Small Community Water Supplies in Finland

The raw water quality and associations between the factors considered as threats to water safety were studied in 20 groundwater supplies in central Finland in 2002-2004. Faecal contaminations indicated by the appearance of Escherichia coli or intestinal enterococci were present in five small community water supplies, all these managed by local water cooperatives. Elevated concentrations of nutrients in raw water were linked with the presence of faecal bacteria. The presence of on-site technical hazards to water safety, such as inadequate well construction and maintenance enabling surface water to enter into the well and the insufficient depth of protective soil layers above the groundwater table, showed the vulnerability of the quality of groundwater used for drinking purposes. To minimize the risk of waterborne illnesses, the vulnerable water supplies need to be identified and appropriate prevention measures such as disinfection should be applied.     

Groundwater pollution index (GPI) and GIS-based appraisal of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation in coastal aquifers of Tiruchendur,South India

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - We assessed groundwater pollution index (GPI) and groundwater quality of coastal aquifers from Tiruchendur in South India for drinking and irrigation...     

MTBE in California's Drinking Water: A Comparison of Groundwater Versus Surface Water Sources

During the last decade, the fuel oxygenate methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) has received widespread attention as a potential threat to water quality, primarily due to leaking underground gasoline storage tanks and watercraft with two-stroke engines. In this article, we examine the annual detection frequency, number of new source detections, and concentration of MTBE detected in California's public drinking water groundwater and surface water sources from 1995 to 2002. This work builds on our previous evaluations of California's water quality monitoring database. However, it is unique in that it includes separate evaluations for groundwater and surface water sources that are of greatest concern to regulators, and which are likely being used for current public consumption. Our evaluations also include full-year data for 2002 (which have not been published previously) and an analysis of how the sampling and reported detections of MTBE vary by geographic location. We find that MTBE was generally detected (at any level) in approximately 0.5-0.9% and 0.2-0.4% of all groundwater sources assuming a one-detection and two-detection criterion, respectively. The overall detection frequency for MTBE in surface water sources is significantly higher than for groundwater sources, although these surface water detections appear to have substantially declined since 1996 (e.g., 7-9% for all surface water sources during 1996 to 1999 and 4% for all surface water sources during 2000 to 2002, assuming a one-detection criterion). The detection frequency of MTBE concentrations at or above the state drinking water standards in all drinking water sources (both groundwater and surface water sources) and the subset of drinking water sources that are likely to currently be delivered to consumers is markedly lower (and often zero). Despite the significant increase in water sampling over time, the number of new drinking water sources found to contain MTBE in California has not increased at the same rate and appears to have remained relatively stable or to have decreased since 1998. The data also show that nearly all of the 58 counties in California have routinely sampled at least some of their groundwater and surface water sources for MTBE over the last 8 years. Geographical evaluations show that MTBE has been detected (at least once) in groundwater sources in 34 counties and in surface water sources in 18 counties but has only been detected routinely (i.e., for 3 or more years) in 16 and 7 counties, respectively. Detected concentrations of MTBE are also generally below state drinking water standards, particularly for surface water sources. In short: (1) MTBE is rarely found in California groundwater or surface water sources that are of greatest concern to regulators or the public, and (2) drinking water detections of MTBE are expected to decline in the future due to the pending phase-out of MTBE and recent regulatory programs aimed at controlling gasoline releases from underground storage tanks and two-stroke-engine watercraft.     

利用底栖动物研究京杭运河徐州段的水质变化

通过分析京杭运河徐州段4个断面底栖动物的种类、密度，及生物多样性指数的变化来研究京杭运河徐州段水质的变化趋势。     

Use of the landfill water pollution index (LWPI) for groundwater quality assessment near the landfill sites

The purpose of the paper is to assess the groundwater quality near the landfill sites using landfill water pollution index (LWPI). In order to investigate the scale of groundwater contamination, three landfills (E, H and S) in different stages of their operation were taken into analysis. Samples of groundwater in the vicinity of studied landfills were collected four times each year in the period from 2004 to 2014. A total of over 300 groundwater samples were analysed for pH, EC, PAH, TOC, Cr, Hg, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, as required by the UE legal acts for landfill monitoring system. The calculated values of the LWPI allowed the quantification of the overall water quality near the landfill sites. The obtained results indicated that the most negative impact on groundwater quality is observed near the old Landfill H. Improper location of piezometer at the Landfill S favoured infiltration of run-off from road pavement into the soil-water environment. Deep deposition of the groundwater level at Landfill S area reduced the landfill impact on the water quality. Conducted analyses revealed that the LWPI can be used for evaluation of water pollution near a landfill, for assessment of the variability of water pollution with time and for comparison of water quality from different piezometers, landfills or time periods. The applied WQI (Water Quality Index) can also be an important information tool for landfill policy makers and the public about the groundwater pollution threat from landfill.     

锡山区水环境评价体系

为全面、科学地评价锡山区水环境质量状况，提出对原有评价体系作出修改，即对原评价体系中，评价因子的没定、综合污染指数计算法、水污染程度的判定方法等作了一定改进。     

Temporal variations of surface water quality in urban, suburban and rural areas during rapid urbanization in Shanghai, China

As the economic and financial center of China, Shanghai has experienced an extensive urban expansion since the early 1980s, with an attendant cost in environmental degradation. We use an integrated pollution index to study the temporal variations of surface water quality in urban, suburban and rural areas between 1982 and 2005. Data on monitored cross-sections were collected from the Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center. The results indicated that the spatial pattern of surface water quality was determined by the level of urbanization. Surface water qualities in urban and suburban areas were improved by strengthening the environmental policies and management, but were worsening in rural areas. The relationship between economic growth and surface water quality in Shanghai showed an inversed-U-shaped curve, which reflected a similar pattern in most developed countries. This research suggests that decision makers and city officials should be more aware of the recent pollution increases in Shanghai.     

生物标志物在水源地风险评价中的作用与展望

针对肿瘤高发区饮用水污染和南水北调水质的风险评价问题,提出了可用生物标志物检测水中的“环境诱变剂量”来作为评价水体中有毒有害污染物潜在遗传危害的综合指标。简要介绍了生物标志物在国内外的研究动态及其在环境监测、环境风险评价中的应用前景。