多管陶瓷除尘器串联旋激旋流板塔脱硫除尘研究与应用

介绍了多管陶瓷除尘器与旋激旋流板塔串联工艺应用于燃煤锅炉烟气除尘脱硫，并阐述了其关键技术装备及旋激旋流板除尘脱硫塔，工业应用验证了该技术的可行性，其具有高效脱硫除尘效率，能被广泛应用于锅炉烟气净化。     

提高湿式烟气脱硫除尘净化器性能的措施

本文简述了湿式烟气脱硫除尘一体净化技术的基本原理，并结合近几年的脱硫除尘实践，提出改善湿法烟气脱硫除尘器性能的技术措施。指出实际设备运行中存在的问题，并提出了技术措施。     

循环流化床脱硫技术在烧结烟气净化中的应用

依据钢铁厂烧结烟气的特点,介绍了循环流化床脱硫除尘技术的工艺处理系统原理、具体系统组成和该工艺的先进性,并结合了河北省某钢铁厂2台105 m2烧结机烟气脱硫除尘项目具体的设计、施工和安装调试,分析循环流化床脱硫除尘技术的脱硫除尘技术指标和经济指标.分析结果表明:循环流化床脱硫技术具有脱硫除尘效率高、工艺投资省、运行费用低等优点,是一种值得在烧结烟气脱硫中推广应用的脱硫技术.     

DCL型烟气脱硫除尘净化器的研制与推广应用

ＤＣＬ型烟气脱硫除尘净化器是在传统的文丘里水膜除尘器基础上研制而成的烟气脱硫除尘一体净化装置。是济南市科委下达的环境保护课题项目，于１９９８年５月３０日通过济南市科委组织主持的专家鉴定，成果水平：国内先进。该技术主要应用于中型锅炉及工业窑炉烟气脱硫除尘，并可对高温、高湿及含有粘性粉尘的气体进行净化处理。其技术原理主要是利用先进的雾化、混流技术在低液气比下洗涤烟气，经过碰撞、冲击、凝聚，将水滴增大，并配以水膜捕集，形成高效脱硫及两级除尘效果，使脱硫除尘一体完成。本净化器经过几年的工业运行及热态试验…     

湿式脱硫技术的研制,应用效果及前景

湿式脱硫技术是在传统湿式除尘技术的基础上，发展改进而成的一种符合中国国情的实用技术，适用于大中型工业锅炉烟《的除尘和脱硫。该技术通过对原来传统水膜除尘器的研究及改进。应用湿式除尘器的强化传质技术，锅炉排放废水和废渣中残余碱性物质利用技术，形成了湿或脱硫这一成套技术，并在不同容量和不同燃烧方式的工业锅炉和小剧发电锅炉上得到应用。其中DCL系列烟气净化器，适用于6－75吨／时工业锅炉及小型发电锅炉的烟气净化，它克服了传统水膜除尘技术不能脱硫、烟气带水、系统阻力大。耗水量多等先天性不足，增设了新的功能，并…     

中小型燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫除尘技术

根据我国现实环保要求和煤炭行业燃煤锅炉烟气污染及治理现状，针对目前烟气净化技术和现有除尘器的改造等不同情况，分别介绍了由煤科总院杭州环保研究所研制的三种实用脱硫除尘技术，并对国内外中小型燃煤锅炉主要烟气脱硫除尘技术进行了综合性能比较。     

西安开发出粒状脱硫剂烟气干法脱硫除尘技术

由西安建筑科技大学研究开发的移动床烟气脱硫除尘装置,是干式净化系统,结构简单,成本较低。其脱硫效率可达90％以上,除尘效率可达98％以上,净化设备阻力约1．5千帕。该系统的主要特点是：烟气的脱硫与除尘同时完成,烟尘与SO2均可达标排放。干法净化避免了湿法净化设备、管道等的腐蚀,     

半干喷雾法用于锅炉烟气脱硫的若干问题探讨

半干喷雾法是锅炉烟气脱硫中的一项极有推广前景的技术。但如果设计、操作不当，不仅脱硫效率较低，而且还会对锅炉的辅机系统和烟囱排烟造成影响。本文对烟气温度、脱硫效率、烟气抬升扩散，除尘效率等几个方面作了分析探讨。     

FJB-6型烟气除尘脱硫器的设计及应用

中小型工业锅炉在我国量大面广,短期内淘汰尚不现实,尤其在煤矿,各矿区及生活区分散,象城市那样实现集中供热非常困难,所以,多数中小型工业锅炉还将保留。对这些锅炉的烟气净化,选用常规旋风除尘器(如干式旋风、麻石水膜)不能满足环保要求,应用静电除尘器和复杂高效的脱硫器代价太高,因此,应用除尘脱硫一体化技术更为现实。FJB-6型烟气除尘脱硫器是在FJB-2、FJB-4型基础上针对中小型工业锅炉的烟气净化提出来的。     

烧结烟气湿法脱硫技术应用

依据钢铁厂烧结烟气的特点,介绍了改进型石灰石-石膏法烟气脱硫除尘技术的工艺处理系统原理、具体系统组成和该工艺的先进性,并结合了福建省某铸造厂48㎡烧结机烟气脱硫除尘项目具体的设计、施工和安装调试,分析改进型石灰石-石膏法烟气脱硫技术的脱硫除尘技术指标和经济指标。分析结果表明:改进型石灰石-石膏法烟气脱硫技术具有脱硫除尘效率高、工艺投资省、运行费用低等优点,是一种符合国情的新型脱硫技术,值得在烧结烟气脱硫中推广应用。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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