大庆油田道路交通噪声的相关分析

根据大庆油田主要交通干线噪声的监测结果与机动车流量、重车率、机动车运行速度及道路宽度等因素进行相关分析，找出了影响交通噪声的主要因素。回归分析表明：交通噪声与上述４个参数均呈正相关，其中机动车流量、道路宽度对交通噪声的影响较小，机动车运行速度对交通噪声的影响较大，对交通噪声影响最大的是重车率。根据分析结果，提出了交通噪声预测模式及控制交通噪声的建议。     

线源扩散公式的实验应用及检验

本文采用不同的线源模式，对新建城区公路近，远期汽车排放污染物进行预测，并与实测验证，结果表明、采用汽车污染物扩散模式，预测新建公路对城区大气环境质量影响是可行的，预测结果与实验结构相吻合。     

常用几种公路交通噪声预测模式准确性分析

本文根据成温邛高速公路和成绵高速公路的交通量、车型及车速等监测数据,应用美国联邦公路管理局（FH-WA）噪声预测模式、JTGB03-2006推荐噪声预测模式和HJ2.4-2009推荐噪声预测模式,分别对两条高速公路进行噪声预测,将噪声预测值与实测值进行对比,分析在相同车流量、车型及车速等条件下各预测模式预测值与实测值的差值大小,并分析其原因,得出在高速公路交通噪声预测的准确性上HJ2.4-2009预测模式优于FHWA预测模式和JT-GB03-2006预测模式。     

西宁市南北过境公路交通噪声分析与预测

文章应用城市高架桥交通噪声预测数学模型,分析了交通噪声的地面及立面分布,评价了西宁市南北过境公路同仁路段高架桥运营期间对沿线两个敏感点的环境噪声影响,提出了交通噪声控制措施。     

基于BP模型对城市交通噪声的数据处理和预测

城市交通噪声的预测和评价技术是城市交通可持续发展的重要研究内容，直接为城市交通规划中环境容量分析和环境影响评价服务。本文通过实测的大量数据，运用神经网络中的BP模型及其算法建立车辆数、道路宽度和交通噪声之间的关系，对城市道路交通噪声数据进行处理和预测。     

机力通风冷却塔噪声控制

机力通风冷却塔广泛应用于CBD等大型公共建筑中的中央空调循环冷却水系统,其运行时的噪声对周边环境的影响很大。文章针对机关办公楼使用的3组共7台机力通风冷却塔,通过声学仿真技术,定量分析了冷却塔对周边环境的噪声影响,提出了综合治理方案,并预测评价了治理效果;方案实施后进行了测量,并与预测评价进行对比分析,结果显示,方案设计阶段的仿真预测结果与实测结果基本相吻合,仿真模型准确可靠。     

公路建设项目环评对畜禽养殖场保护的研究

目前我国的公路建设项目环境影响评价工作并没有将畜禽养殖场列入保护目标,但是由于公路项目的建设与运营对其附近养殖场造成不良影响,所引发的纠纷越来越多。为了公路建设项目的顺利进行及对养殖业的保护,研究了公路建设项目产生的噪声、污水、空气污染等会对养殖环境产生的不利影响及影响的程度,尤其以噪声影响最为突出,且公路的流通性很大,易导致病菌传播,给养殖场的防疫安全造成很大威胁。文中一并提出了减缓这些不良影响的措施;建议要在公路建设项目生态环境影响评价过程中增加对畜禽养殖场的关注。根据相关研究提出对于距离公路较近畜禽养殖场应适用声环境质量标准二级标准。     

几种大气预测模式预测结果比较分析

估算模式、AERMOD模式系统、ADMS模式系统均是HJ2.2-2008《环境影响评价技术导则大气环境》中推荐的大气预测模式,为探求此3种大气预测模式预测结果的大小关系规律,选用估算模式、AERMOD模式系统、ADMS模式系统,在简单地形和复杂地形两种条件下,结合一般工业类环评项目中常见的点源、面源案例,对不同预测模式的大气预测结果进行比较分析,得出相应的规律,对环评工作中进一步预测模式的选用具有一定的参考借鉴意义。     

新建铁路邻近既有铁路的声屏障降噪效果研究

以某既有铁路及新建铁路并行穿越某居民区为例,对该区域的交通噪声现状进行监测分析,表明环境噪声受铁路噪声影响较大,对于临街建筑的影响为从低楼层至高楼层呈逐渐增大的趋势。考虑既有铁路和新建铁路的共同影响,建立了Cadna/A噪声预测模型,预测了采用声屏障降噪措施前后区域的环境噪声空间分布特征。结果表明,设置声屏障措施能有效减少铁路噪声的影响,预测点昼间均能达标,夜间达标率为50%,但超标点位的预测值基本相当或优于现状值。     

Cadna/A噪声预测软件在隧道洞口噪声预测中应用

本文对cadna/A环境噪声预测软件中的隧道口噪声预测原理做了详细的介绍,将隧道洞口的噪声影响简化为与隧道洞口形状一致的简单垂直面源,利用隧道参数计算面源的声功率级,预测方便,并通过实例应用和演示,为正确使用该软件进行噪声预测和同类工程环境影响评价提供参考。     

Noise annoyance from industrial and road traffic combined noises: A survey and a total annoyance model comparison

The literature on noise annoyance emphasizes that acoustical factors cannot totally explain the annoyance felt by a population exposed to community noises, and that some non-acoustical factors have an effect on annoyance. This research paper deals with the annoyance caused by combined noises coming from road traffic and an industrial site. This type of combination has been very little studied to date. An in situ study was conducted in an area of a French town exposed to these two noise sources. To investigate the annoyance caused by these combined noises, the work involved both a mapping of the industrial and road traffic noises present in the survey area and a questionnaire designed to evaluate the noise annoyance experienced by residents and to identify the factors that probably influence noise annoyance. The results highlight the link between the noise levels measured and the annoyance felt by the respondents. They also show that certain non-acoustical factors have an impact on annoyance felt. Indeed, the results highlight a positive correlation between fear of industrial sites and the annoyance expressed. They also show correlations between some items to evaluate noise sensitivity and the annoyance expressed. No significant correlation has been found between annoyance and the other non-acoustical factors such as age, sex and length of residence. Finally, several total annoyance models were tested for this noise combination. Two of them, namely the strongest component model and a proposed perceptual version of the mixed model, were able to better predict total annoyance than the other tested models.     

杭州快速路、主次干道植物群落降噪功能比较研究

城市绿地是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,在改善城市生态系统方面有重要作用。现今交通是城市环境中的主要噪声来源,城市道路绿地是交通噪声治理的有效方式之一。本文选取杭州市西湖区不同等级的三条道路(紫金港路、天目山路和丰潭路)作为研究对象,利用手持噪声测量仪测量实时噪声对不同道路等级和距离的绿地降噪效果进行分析。研究发现,杭州市三条道路存在以下问题:(1)噪声距离道路越远越低,且噪声平均衰减率表明绿地降噪效果为主干道次干道快速路;(2)配置模式为乔木+灌木+地被的绿地植物群落的降噪效果最佳,且乔木和灌木交错的种植形式在降噪效果上优于灌木在前、乔木在后的排列式种植;(3)当道路绿地宽达到15m时,植物群落降噪效果会有大幅度提升,且快速路与次干道在距离为15m处,植物群落降噪能力最佳。     

油田区域交通噪声污染现状分析

通过对油田中心区域主要交通干线昼间交通噪声及环境噪声的监测分析,找出噪声的污染现状,及对人们生活、学习产生的影响,为改善中心区域的交通噪声污染,提高人们的生活质量提供了监测依据。     

公路交通噪声防治措施探讨

本文针对公路交通建设项目的特点，探讨了公路交通建设项目环境影响评价中的噪声防治措施，包括合理规划、路面降噪、交通管理、敏感建筑物保护等措施。     

The Benefits and Costs of Noise Reduction

This paper attempts to measure, in a cost-benefit analysis, a stricter noise abatement programme for noise originating from roads in Israel. Using the hedonic price method for three large cities and rural area transactions, a benefit from noise reduction was found. In order to perform a social cost-benefit analysis, a measure of benefit has been derived for 1 km of road and has been compared with the cost of noise reduction under different types of road structure. The results indicate that even though benefits have largely increased when compared to past decades (e.g. 1.2% of an average urban property value per 1 decibel reduction), the decision to insulate a given road is dependent on location and road structure. This raises the normative question of a national vs. regional standard that decision makers should be aware of and such studies could be of help in this respect.     

Resistance of Villages to Elevated-Road Traffic Noise

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the methods of reducing elevated-road traffic-noise levels in rural residential areas by controlling the relative locations and morphological parameters and to investigate the effect of noise barriers on noise attenuation along elevated roads and building facades in villages. This study selected six morphological parameters and used noise-mapping techniques to estimate the noise attenuation in 60 village sites. The results indicate that ‘quiet areas’ increase by approximately 10% for each additional 100 m increase in the distance between the elevated road and the village. The best strategy for noise reduction is keeping the elevated road 1,000 m away from the village and raising the road height to 20 m. The building façade conditions only affect the traffic noise level attenuation when the buildings are within 100 m of the elevated road. It was found that the cost-effective length of the road noise barrier is 600 m on both sides of the village parallel to the road. The results highlight the importance of using morphology to improve the traffic noise resistance of villages. The landscape shape indices of buildings and roads are the most important parameters that affect the traffic noise attenuation of elevated roads.     

The Impact of Traffic Noise on the Values of Single-family Houses

The objective of this paper is to provide an empirical analysis of the impact traffic noise has on the values of single-family houses. Under the assumption that negative externalities are capitalized into house values, the hedonic price method is used. Issues of asymmetric information and disequilibrium are discussed and tested. Furthermore, the cost-benefit valuation has been corrected for the existence of property tax. Noise pollution was found to have a substantial negative effect on housing values. A single-family house of SEK975 000 would sell for SEK650 000 if located near a road where noise is loud, equivalent to a total discount of 30%.     

Implementation of the EU environmental noise directive: Lessons from the first phase of strategic noise mapping and action planning in Ireland

The first phase of noise mapping and action planning in Ireland, in accordance with EU Directive 2002/49/EC, is now complete. In total this included one agglomeration, one airport and approximately 600 km of major roads outside the agglomeration. These noise maps describe the level of noise exposure of approximately 1.25 million people. The first phase of noise mapping was dealt with by five noise mapping bodies while 26 action planning authorities were involved in the development of the associated action plans. The second phase of noise mapping, due to be completed in 2012, sees a reduction in the defined thresholds describing the required agglomerations, roads and railways that have to be mapped. This will have a significant impact on the extent of mapping required. In Ireland this will result in an increased number of local authorities being required to develop strategic noise maps for their area along with the further development of associated action plans. It is appropriate at this point to review the work process and results from the first phase of noise mapping in Ireland in order to establish areas that could be improved, throughout the noise mapping project. In this paper a review of the implementation procedures focussing on (dominant) road traffic noise is presented. It is identified that more standardisation is needed and this could be achieved by the establishment of a national expert steering group.