Increased urinary arsenic concentration in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: a gender-independent,smoking-dependent exposure biomarker in older adults in Tehran

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Arsenic is ranked in the top ten environmental toxicants but its impact on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its association with other human health...     

环境中氰化物测定方法评述

氰化物在民用工业中用途十分广泛,但它是高毒物质,一旦发生泄漏,就会给人类的生存环境造成严重的后果,因此对环境中的氰化物进行监测具有非常重要的意义。对环境中氰化物测定的容量法、光度法（分光光度法、荧光法和原子吸收光度法）、电化学法（离子选择电极法、极谱法和安培法）、色谱法、放射化学法、流动注射分析法的原理、特点及监测效果作了详细的讨论,希望能够为相关研究者和企业提供有益的参考。     

Periphyton as a bioindicator of mercury pollution in a temperate torrential river ecosystem

Mercury presents a potential risk to the environment and humans, especially in its methylated form. It is among the highest priority environmental pollutants. River Idrijca (Slovenia) is highly contaminated with mercury due to past mercury mining. The aim of this work was to investigate whether the periphyton community in rivers such as Idrijca is a suitable indicator of Hg pollution and of changes in mercury methylation and could serve as an early warning system of increased input of MeHg in the food chain. Periphyton is the only site of primary production in temperate torrential rivers such as Idrijca and is therefore an important link in the food chain. It is also a potential site of Hg accumulation and its introduction to higher trophic levels. Our aim was to assess the response of the periphyton to seasonal and spatial variations in mercury levels and to evaluate its potential as an early warning system of changes in mercury reactivity and mobilization The results indicate that periphyton in a torrential river is too complex and unpredictable to be used as a sole indicator of mercury concentrations and changes in the river. Nevertheless, it can complement environmental measurements due to its importance in the riverine food web.     

Senna alexandrina extract supplementation reverses hepatic oxidative,inflammatory, and apoptotic effects of cadmium chloride administration in rats

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Senna alexandrina is traditionally used for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but little information is available concerning its...     

美国加州再生水利用经验剖析及对我国的启示

开发利用再生水具有巨大的社会经济价值,是实现可持续发展的重要环节.在美国加州,再生水利用已经成为其水资源的重要组成部分,具有详细的规划、系统地法律法规和完备的管理体系,走在了世界的前列.总结分析了加州再生水利用相关的法律法规与灌溉终端用户管理的一些经验,并对2个典型案例进行了剖析.科学的再生水利用规划、严格的源水水质控...     

Distribution and partitioning of phosphorus in solid waste and sediments from drainage canals in the industrial belt of Delhi, India

Phosphorus is an essential and often limiting nutrient in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. However, its oversupply is of great concern in many environments due to its role in eutrophication. The concentration and distribution of sediment bound phosphorus species not only record its input into the environment, but also suggest their possible sources. It is recognized that the features of phosphorus behaviour have not been extensively studied in urban environments. In this study, phosphorus in solid waste and sediments from drainage canals within the industrial belt of Delhi were fractionated into five operationally defined forms, i.e., exchangeable or loosely sorbed phosphorus (Exch-P), Fe-bound phosphorus (Fe-P), authigenic apatite, CaCO3-bound phosphorus and biogenic apatite (Acet-P), detrital apatite (Det-P) and organic-bound phosphorus (Org-P), in order to assess the potential bioavailability status in these systems.     

Fenton法及其在废水处理中的应用研究

Fenton法在处理难降解有机污染物时具有独特的优势．是一种很有应用前景的废水处理技术。文章介绍了该技术的发展过程、主要类型及应用状况,并对其在废水处理中的优势．存在问题和发展趋势作出评述。     

Thoron in the Environment

Thoron (²²⁰Rn), an isotope of the radon family, is produced in the earth’s crust at a rate comparable to that of common radon (²²²Rn). Thoron’s average activity concentration in soil gas and ground-level outside air is comparable to that of radon. Recent data from Europe and the United States indicate that in terms of the energy of the alpha particle decays of thoron’s progeny, its concentration in indoor air is significant, typically about half that due to radon progeny. This paper reviews current knowledge about thoron and its progeny in the outdoor and indoor environments and discusses issues involved in assessing whether or not it is a significant indoor pollutant.     

土壤固相吸附砷的研究进展

砷是一种常见的有毒元素，土壤砷污染与修复问题已引起世界范围的广泛关注。土壤原位修复是消除土壤砷污染的有效方法，其中砷在土壤固相上的吸附也是近年来的研究热点。土壤固相广泛存在于土壤中，并具有表面积大和表面电荷等理化性质，它可通过与砷酸根阴离子发生表面配位反应，形成内外层配位体等方式来固定土壤中的砷，以降低金属离子的迁移能力和有效性，是一种有效的原位减轻砷污染的方法。文中简单介绍了砷污染的现状、危害和赋存状态，重点介绍了铁铝锰的氧化物和氢氧化物、粘土矿物、有机质等土壤固相对砷的吸附机理及其影响因素，旨在更好地掌握砷的吸附行为。     

生物膜微环境和传质现象研究进展

生物膜法污水处理工艺对污染物的降解去除主要依赖活性生物膜,研究生物膜的结构和传质特性是揭示反应机理和提高反应器处理效率的重要手段.综述了近年来国外在生物膜微环境和微观传质过程中的研究进展,包括对生物膜微观结构的解析、膜内不同菌系的分布特征及其功能以及生物膜的传质现象和数学模型.在此基础上,提出了生物膜研究领域今后应开展的研究方向.     

Ammonium Nitrate,Nitric Acid,and Ammonia Equilibrium in Wintertime Phoenix,Arizona

A secondary aerosol equilibrium model, SEQUILIB, is applied to evaluate the effects of emissions reductions from precursor species on ambient concentrations during the winter in Phoenix, Arizona. The model partitions total nitrate and total ammonia to gas-phase nitric acid and ammonia and to particle-phase ammonium nitrate. Agreement between these partitions and ambient measures of these species was found to be satisfactory. Equilibrium isopleths were generated for various ammonium nitrate concentrations corresponding to high and low humidity periods which occurred during sampling. These diagrams show that ammonia is so abundant in Phoenix that massive reductions in its ambient concentrations would be needed before significant reductions in particulate ammonium nitrate would be observed. When total nitrate is reduced by reductions in its nitrogen oxides precursor, proportional reductions in particulate nitrate are expected. Many of the complex reactions in SEQUILIB do not apply to Phoenix, and its ability to reproduce ambient data in this study does not guarantee that it will be as effective in areas with more complex chemistry. Nevertheless, the nitrate chemistry in SEQUILIB appears to be sound, and it is a useful model for addressing the difficult apportionment of secondary aerosol to its precursors.     

除草剂在土壤中的吸附行为研究

除草剂在土壤上的吸附和解吸行为是支配该除草剂在环境中的生物有效性和持久性的重要因素之一 ,同时对于预测除草剂在土壤和潜层水中的运动也是有重要作用。本文从吸附机理、实验技术、动力学、影响因素、常数的计算方法等方面阐述了除草剂在土壤中的吸附行为及其环境学意义。     

高盐废水盐度对中度嗜盐菌生长动力学的影响

高盐废水盐度变化是影响微生物生长的重要因素之一。研究以中度嗜盐菌Halomonassp．STSY．3为例，测定其在不同盐度下生长对数期末OD600,并以葡萄糖为限制性基质，利用Monod方程，对菌株进行生长动力学拟合。结果表明，Halomonassp．STSY-3的最适生长盐度为7％（以NaCl计），此盐度下其OD600 为2．56，而0%和34％盐度下OD600分别为0．47和0．06；Halomonassp．STSY-3的生长动力学模型与实验数据能较好地拟合，在最适生长盐度下动力学模型参数μmax 为2．257h-1，Ks为0．0082g／L。比较不同盐度下STSY-3生长动力学参数，得出中度嗜盐菌STSY-3的生长存在3个明显分区：最适盐度区（盐度2％～9％）、嗜盐过渡区（盐度9％～20％和0．68％～1．76％）及生长抑制区（盐度≤2％或≥20％）。其中嗜盐过渡区0．68％～1．76％由于范围较小，实际意义小，忽略不计。     

Elevated blood lead levels and cytogenetic markers in buccal epithelial cells of painters in India

Background, aim, and scope  

Lead, a major contaminant, is highly used in paint manufacturing due to its anticorrosive properties. Recent reports indicated high lead content among Indian paints used for commercial purposes. Painters are continuously exposed to these lead containing paints during painting of both commercial as well as residential buildings. Lead is well-known for its genotoxicty in occupational workers; however, in Indian painters the genotoxic effects of lead have not been reported to date. Therefore we aimed to study the genotoxic end points in painters due to their long-term exposure to these high lead-containing Indian paints.     

Extraction wells and biogas recovery modeling in sanitary landfills

A general methodology is established that permits the characterization and evaluation of the optimum potential of biogas extraction at each vertical well in the sanitary landfill of Asturias, Spain. Twenty wells were chosen from a total of 225 for the study, and the maximum production flow of biogas, which is a result of the degradation of the municipal solid waste deposited within its area of influence, was determined for each well. It was found that this flow varied with time and is characteristic of each extraction well. The maximum extractable flow also was determined as a function of the composition of the biogas needed for its subsequent utilization. The biogas extraction yield in the wells under study varied between approximately 26 and 97%, with a mean recovery value of 82%. The low yields found in certain cases were generally caused by a sealing defect, which leads to excessive incorporation of air into the landfill gas through the surrounding soil or through the extraction shaft, and which make its subsequent utilization difficult.     

Internet technology and green productivity in agriculture

The high-quality development of agriculture requires not only sustainable growth of agricultural productivity but also green agricultural production. Internet technology has played an essential role in agricultural production and marketing in China over the past decades. This paper estimates provincial agricultural green growth in China from 1997 to 2019 and decomposes it into technological progress (TP) and efficiency changes (EC) based on the Luenberger productivity indicator method. Then an econometric model is employed to analyze the impact of the Internet on the growth of agricultural green productivity and each sub-component, and moderating role of farmer education in such effect. The empirical results indicated that annual average growth rate of agricultural green productivity in China is 1.33% from 1997 to 2019, and technological progress dominates its growth. The development of Internet technology has a significant positive impact on agricultural green productivity and its decomposition. Farmer education has strengthened the effect of Internet technology on agricultural green productivity and its decomposition TP and EC.

     

中国环境影响评价中的公众参与有效性研究

公众参与不但是环评工作的重要内容，而且对实施可持续发展战略起着重要作用。文章阐述了环境影响评价中公众参与的概念、作用，分析了现阶段公众参与存在的主要问题，结合工作实践，并借鉴国外经验，提出了提高公众参与有效性的若干改进建议。     

Effects of river-lake interactions in water and sediment on phosphorus in Dongting Lake,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As a large river connected lake, Dongting Lake is influenced by anthropogenic activities and the discharge from its upstream tributaries in the lake...     

生物膜微环境和传质现象研究进展

生物膜法污水处理工艺对污染物的降解去除主要依赖活性生物膜,研究生物膜的结构和传质特性是揭示反应机理和提高反应器处理效率的重要手段.综述了近年来国外在生物膜微环境和微观传质过程中的研究进展,包括对生物膜微观结构的解析、膜内不同菌系的分布特征及其功能以及生物膜的传质现象和数学模型.在此基础上,提出了生物膜研究领域今后应开展的研究方向.     

Improvement of salinity in sewage sludge compost prior to its utilization as nursery substrate

Soluble salts are enriched in sewage sludge compost because of their inherent derivation. Accordingly, the content of soluble salt in sludge compost is usually much higher than most seedlings can tolerate. To determine whether sludge compost is suitable for use as a nursery substrate, some experiments were conducted. Reduction of the electrical conductivity (EC) value could improve seed germination in saturated extract from sludge compost. In addition, water elution and mixing dilution with raw soil were all shown to be able to alleviate saline inhibition on seed germination and seedling growth, including stem diameter, seedling height, and above-ground weight. Overall, salinity is a crucial problem when sewage sludge compost is reused as a nursery substrate, and some effective and convenient approaches to reduce salt should be served prior to its reuse.

Implications: Sewage sludge after being composted is usually reused as organic fertilizer or plant substrate. However, salt is the main problem during its reclamation. What is the highest salt level the seedling can tolerate? Which types of salts are effective in salinity of sludge-amended substrate? Meanwhile, can the salinity be reduced through water elution or soil mixing dilution? This paper is the first to investigate the salinity and its reduction of sewage sludge compost prior to its use in the development of nursery substrate.